First, the correct use of raw materials
1. Correct addition of vegetable oil: Vegetable oil must be properly added to the feed of laying hens, otherwise it will affect the weight gain and laying rate of laying hens.
2. Banning flufenpyrad: In order to eliminate mosquitoes and flies, it is wrong for many farmers to add flufenpyrad to the feed of laying hens. It is pointed out that in many long-term or chronic toxicological studies, benzalachlor, also known as ciprofloxacin, can cause tumors in animals, and its metabolite melamine can cause bladder tumors. Moreover, ciprofloxacin and melamine will remain in laying hens, which will affect food safety. The correct way is to use live bacteria microecological preparation, the effect is more obvious, avoid using dry dead bacteria products, increase the cost, and see no effect.
3. Correct use of enzyme preparations: If different companies control phytase activity differently, some enzyme preparations will be unstable, which will make the phosphorus in the feed exceed the standard and cause the quality of eggshells to decline. This phenomenon is very common at present and should be paid attention to.
Second, use high-quality feed
Using high-quality feed is a necessary condition for laying hens to exert their production potential, which can prolong the laying period of laying hens from 72 weeks to 100 weeks, significantly increase the number of eggs laid in 72 weeks, reduce the mortality rate to below 8%, and increase the feed utilization rate by 2.3 ~ 2.2: 1.
The internationally recommended nutritional standards are: during the peak laying period, the average laying hen, transparent brown, consumes crude protein17g 16.5% per day, with metabolic energy of 2,778-2,867kJ/kg, calcium of 4g of 3.88%, available phosphorus of 0.44g of 0.43% and methionine of 0.448g of 0.43%.
Domestic standards are: metabolic energy 2700 kJ/kg, crude protein 16.5%, calcium 3.5% and methionine 0.37%. Of course, there is no need to be too precise, because raw materials are difficult to grasp.
When designing diets, digestible amino acids should be the main ingredients, because laying hens don't need protein, but amino acids that make up protein. Some amino acids in the diet are usually 10% ~ 15% indigestible, but excreted with feces, such as the methionine digestibility of soybean meal is 9 1%, meat and bone meal is 85%, and cottonseed meal is 72%.
During laying period, the feed should be scientifically matched according to the feed intake of laying hens, which should be comprehensively considered due to the influence of laying hens' weight, age, laying rate, egg weight, environmental temperature, feed texture and other factors. For example, increasing the egg weight can be achieved by increasing the opening weight, increasing the content of protein or single amino acid, often using methionine to change the egg weight, and adding appropriate amount of fat or grease.
Third, the concept of healthy farming.
Standardized chicken farm is the foundation of healthy breeding. What is a standardized chicken farm? Generally, the site is required to be 500 meters away from villages and towns and 3 kilometers away from factories and mines; Planning of independent functional areas; The henhouse has environment and temperature control facilities to make the air reach the standard and the temperature is suitable; Feed meets national standards; Realize the harmless treatment of feces, separate the cleaning channel from the sewage channel, and cover the feces field; Reach a certain breeding scale, all in and all out.
There are five reasons for the low production level of laying hens in China:
1, chicken raising facilities are simple. Farmers' henhouses are mostly irregular, with simple cages, particularly poor drinking facilities, no drinking fountains and basically no environmental control devices;
2. The living environment is poor, the excrement treatment facilities are simple, and people live with chickens;
3. There are many varieties, including brown shell, white shell, pink shell, green shell, foreign chicken, native chicken, hybrid chicken and broiler.
4. The disease is getting more and more complicated and difficult to control;
5, it is indiscriminate use of drugs, such as excessive abuse of antibiotics.
The concept of healthy farming is: nurturing is more important than prevention, and prevention is more important than cure.
Select high-quality laying hens with strong disease resistance; Achieve high-quality pollution-free production and put an end to green eggs, rubber eggs and black eggs; Control the feeding environment of livestock and poultry houses, including the harmless treatment of chicken manure; Ensure the safety of key links in aquaculture and realize the traceability of product quality.
Fourth, how to achieve healthy farming?
First, in intensive farming areas, to standardize management, it is best to achieve all-in and all-out of the village, unified management of the village, and eliminate major infectious diseases.
Second, feed complete feed suitable for healthy breeding, change low-quality and low-price competition into high-quality and high-price competition, make full use of local feed resources, avoid toxic and harmful substances from entering the feed, and ensure the production efficiency and egg quality of laying hens.
Third, control the small environment of the henhouse, such as temperature and humidity, light and ventilation. Reduce the stress of chickens and improve their health and production efficiency.
What are the risks of breeding laying hens?
1. There is no risk of peak laying period.
Because of reproductive transmission, mycoplasma synovialis, severe recessive Newcastle disease, mild avian influenza and other infectious diseases, how many chickens with friends have no egg production peak? If 10 years has passed, how many batches of chickens have not reached the peak of laying eggs? Have you calculated how much you lost without the egg peak? Let me help you calculate it carefully. It will give you a big fright! If your breeding scale is 65,438+00,000 chickens, you should produce 65,438+0,200 Jin of eggs at the highest level according to the production efficiency index of varieties. If our chickens give birth less 1%, it is 1.200 kg 1%, that is, we give birth less 1.2 kg of eggs every day. If we calculate that the laying cycle of 150-500 days is 350 days, that is, 12 kg times 350 days equals 4200 kg of eggs. If the average price is 3.5, it is 14700 yuan, that is, the laying rate per 1%, and each chicken loses 65438+.
A friend said that I can pick out the chickens that don't lay eggs and sell them to reduce losses. If the laying rate is 10%, about 10% of low-yield chickens need to be removed, and it usually takes 200 days to remove them all. So how much will a chicken lose? Generally, it is necessary to invest in 30 yuan to raise chickens to the age of 120, and there are still 80 to 200 days left. If the daily intake is 0.2kg, each chicken will eat about16kg of feed, 18 yuan. How much will it cost to kick them out? That is to say, each chicken is about 10- 15 yuan, and one chicken probably loses to 25 yuan. If the egg production of 65,438+00000 chickens is 65,438+00% lower, even if the laying hens are excluded, the egg production will not reach the ideal value, and the loss is conservatively estimated to be around 25,000-30,000! Do you agree with me?
2. Loss of egg production during peak period.
During the peak period, the average age of egg laying decline is between 150-250. Due to feed nutrition, antibody growth and decline law, egg laying stress and other reasons, the problem of egg laying decline is easy to occur at this stage, and even some breeding friends can't recover when their eggs drop below 30%, causing serious losses! In particular, the decline in egg production caused by bird flu and the death loss are incalculable! In peak season, the laying rate is about 1% and the income of each chicken is about 1- 1.2 yuan. If the original egg laying rate is above 95%, the egg laying rate in peak season is reduced to about 30%, and it is difficult to restore the egg laying rate to above 80%, our friends will lose a lot! Even if 10000 chickens are selected for elimination, the loss of these chickens is between 20000 and 25000, even far exceeding this value! The only way to save is to try starvation therapy and resume laying eggs!
3. Eliminate losses 3. H7N9 chicken
As long as they are friends who have been raising chickens for more than 0/0 years, there are very few who have not experienced H7N9 to eliminate chickens. The changes of national avian influenza vaccine immunization from Re- 1, Re-4, Re-5, Re-6 and Re-7 are the history of blood and tears of our chicken friends, and every change of vaccine strain is a portrayal of the price paid by our breeding friends! Every time I see a friend who has suffered heavy losses because he doesn't follow the technical specifications of aquaculture, I blame myself very much! If we emphasize several times to let them raise chickens according to our "mode of raising chickens to prevent bird flu", we will avoid the economic losses of many friends! If 10000 hens are forcibly eliminated by the whole group at the age of 200 days, the price of each chicken is generally not more than 10 yuan, and the loss of each chicken is about 15 yuan. 10000 hens will lose about150,000 yuan. The friend who raised chickens for the first time in our hometown is 65438+. The outbreak cycle of avian influenza is usually once every 2-3 years. We calculate the loss per bird 15 yuan, and the average loss per bird is 5-7.5 yuan per year. We calculated that each bird can get away with it once after two rounds, and the loss of each bird is between 2.5-4 yuan every year!
The sum of the three losses is about 10 yuan every year, which is why we look at raising chickens to make money, but we don't make money! As long as these three risks are resolved, why worry about raising chickens without making money?
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