Generally, peripheral blood is taken for examination, such as blood from fingertips and earlobes. In the past, due to low efficiency and heavy workload, routine blood examination was divided into gauge A or gauge B. However, with the development of modernization and automation, now the examination is basically carried out by machines. There are more than ten items of routine blood examination, such as table 15- 1 (routine blood examination sheet):
Red blood cell (RBC) count
Normal reference value
Male: 4.0-5.5x 10 12 power/l (4 million-5.5 million /mm to the third power);
Female: 3.5-5.0 x 10 12 power/l (3.5-50,000 /mm to the third power);
Clinical significance
Erythrocytosis
1. It suggests congenital heart disease, cor pulmonale, emphysema, maladjustment at high altitude, etc.
2. Diarrhea, sweating collapse and other diseases that cause dehydration and blood concentration;
3. Some malignant tumors, such as cerebellar hemangioma, renal carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, androgen secreting cell tumor, etc.
red blood cells reducing
1. Anemia caused by different causes;
2. The relative decrease of red blood cells caused by hemodilution, such as improper infusion and drinking too much hypotonic fluid.
explain
This effect should be considered when a large amount of liquid is input during blood test. hemoglobin
Normal reference value
1. Male:120 ~160g/L (12-16g/dl);
2. Female:110-150g/L (1-15g/dl);
3. Newborn:170-200g/L (17-20g/DL).
Clinical significance
Similar to red blood cell count, but hemoglobin determination is more accurate. In anemia, both of them decline, but the degree of decline is not completely parallel. Generally speaking, the decrease of hemoglobin in iron deficiency anemia is more obvious than that in red blood cells, while in malignant anemia, the decrease of red blood cells is more obvious than that in hemoglobin.
According to the degree of hemoglobin reduction, anemia can be divided into four levels:
Mild (male hemoglobin < 120g/L, female hemoglobin <110g/L);
Moderate (hemoglobin < 90g/L);
Severe (hemoglobin < 60g/L);
Extremely severe (hemoglobin < 30g/L).
explain
This effect should be considered when a large amount of liquid is input during blood test. Morphological changes of erythrocytes
Normal reference value
1. Hematocrit: male: 42%-49%; Female: 37%-48%;
2. Mean diameter of red blood cells (MCD): 7.33 soil 0.29 micron;
3. Mean red blood cell volume (MCV): 80-94 fl (80-94 μ m cubic);
4. Mean hemoglobin (MCH) of red blood cells: 26-32pg;
5. Mean hemoglobin concentration of red blood cells (MCHC): 310-350g/L;
6. Cell survival time:110-130 days;
7. Red blood cell half-life: 26-34 days;
8. Circulating red blood cell volume: 29. 1-30.3 ml/kg body weight;
9. Reticulocyte count: 0.5% ~ 1.5%, 24-84x 10 to the 9th power/L (24,000-84,000 to the 3rd power /mm).
Clinical significance
The change of erythrocyte morphology is of great significance to anemia, various blood diseases and some serious diseases. Such as megaloblastic anemia, iron deficiency anemia, hereditary spherocytosis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, abnormal hemoglobin disease, thalassemia, severe liver disease, disseminated capillary hemolysis (DIC), uremia, cardiogenic hemolytic anemia, etc.
explain
This effect should be considered when a large amount of liquid is input during blood test.
Total white blood cell count
Normal reference value
1. Adult: 4 4-10X 10+00 to the 9th power /L (4000- 10000/mm to the 3rd power);
2. Children: 5.0- 12x 10 to the 9th power /L (5000- 12000/mm to the 3rd power);
3. Newborn: 15—20X 10 to the 9th power /L( 15000—20000/mm to the 3rd power).
Clinical significance
Generally seen in the detection of infectious diseases, immune diseases, radiation diseases, hematological diseases, allergic diseases, etc. See white blood cell classification count for details.