There are three commonly used criteria to judge internet addiction: First, playing games online for 4-6 hours every day for more than one month, which seriously affects work and study; Second, I think surfing the Internet can make me happy. Third, physical symptoms, such as headache, sweating, irritability, etc., will appear when you are not surfing the Internet, but they will disappear as soon as you sit in front of the computer.
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American IAD Internet Addiction Assessment Standard;
1. Online time exceeds 144 hours per month, that is, it exceeds 4 hours per day.
Internet-related things keep appearing in my mind.
I can't restrain the impulse of surfing the Internet.
4. surfing the internet is to escape from reality and get rid of anxiety.
I dare not explain the time of surfing the Internet to my relatives.
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6. Schoolwork and interpersonal problems caused by surfing the Internet.
7. Online time is often longer than expected.
8. Spend a lot of money on updating network equipment or surfing the Internet.
9. Spend more time online to satisfy.
As long as more than five answers are "yes", it means internet addiction.
I. Investigation
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On the morning of June 22nd, 2005, 165438+ China Youth Network Association released the first survey report on Internet Addiction among adolescents in China (2005). According to the survey, the proportion of Internet addiction among teenagers in China is 13.2%, and that in Beijing is 23.5%, ranking second only to Yunnan.
Hao, Secretary-General of china youth network Association, said that the survey was conducted in 26 provincial capitals and 4 municipalities directly under the central government through field and online questionnaires, and online surveys were conducted in, and, and more than 22,500 valid questionnaires were recovered. The survey found that the severity of Internet addiction was the highest in Yunnan, accounting for 27.9%, followed by Beijing with 23.5% and Shanghai with 8%. "This shows that the proportion of Internet addiction is not directly related to the level of economic development and geographical location!"
The survey shows that the proportion of male internet addiction is higher than that of female internet addiction, and the proportion of minors is higher. The phenomenon of internet addiction among junior high school students and vocational high school students is the most worrying, among which the proportion of internet addiction among junior high school students, unemployed or unemployed people and vocational high school students is above 20%. However, the proportion of Internet addiction among staff and high school students in institutions/institutions is relatively low. The older you get, the lower the proportion of Internet addiction. 13- 17 young netizens have the highest proportion of internet addiction, while those aged 30-35 have the lowest proportion of internet addiction. Internet addiction groups mainly play online games.
The report also clarified the criteria for judging Internet addiction. Distinguished professor of Central China Normal University and Tao Hongkai, an expert on Internet addiction, who participated in the survey, said that the negative impact of surfing the Internet on teenagers' study, work or real interpersonal communication should be the criterion. The report also lists three characteristics of internet addiction: always thinking about surfing the internet; Whenever the internet line is cut off or I can't access the internet for other reasons, I feel uneasy, depressed or at a loss; I feel happier or more self-fulfilling online than in real life.
Second, indulging in the internet has many bitter consequences.
Internet addiction not only makes children neglect their studies, but also causes a series of deep-seated social problems, such as mental illness, dropping out of school, suicide and crime.
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Drop out of school: 80% of college students who drop out of school have Internet addiction.
It is reported that the survey report made by the Communist Youth League Committee and the Institute of Psychology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences on middle school students in eight districts of Beijing shows that the number of middle school students with Internet dependence tendency is as high as 654.38+036,500, with an average weekly use time of about 9 hours and holidays exceeding 265.438+0 hours.
According to reports, a survey of four regular universities in this city shows that about 50 students drop out of a university with an enrollment of about 5,000 students every year, and 80% of the students who drop out of school are related to Internet addiction, which is mainly manifested in truancy caused by long-term addiction to the Internet or too many "failing classes".
Mental illness: Teenagers are obsessed with video games and suffer from mental illness.
Shi Jianguo, director of Shaanxi Mental Health Center, said that excessive addiction to video games will cause serious harm to body and mind. A survey of students in China shows that 89% of them have played video games, and 6.5% of them are addicted. The addiction rate of boys is higher than that of girls. The clinical manifestations of video game addiction are:
Physically, patients have been addicted to video games for a long time, which is difficult to control, sleep disorders and excessive excitement. Once they stop playing games, they can't do anything meaningful.
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Psychological aspects: slow logical thinking, alienation from real life, depression, pessimism, loss of self-esteem and self-confidence.
Behavior: The personality of game addicts has changed obviously, becoming timid, cowardly, self-abased, self-blaming, losing the trust of friends and family, and doing whatever it takes to continue the game activities. There is even computer rage, that is, once the computer crashes or malfunctions, it will be depressed and anxious, and then vent the nameless fire on the computer or others. The rage will not stop. In severe cases, the keyboard and mouse will be smashed into pieces, and then suicidal thoughts will occur.
Crime: 19 youth bloodbath internet bar.
Because of a virtual weapon in online games, the two sides had a dispute on the Internet, and then the conflict escalated. In Anshan City, Liaoning Province, 19 youths "bloodbath" each other's Internet cafes with various weapons. Five innocent people were chopped and three people were seriously injured and fainted on the spot.
Early pregnancy: Unmarried mothers recover childcare expenses from netizens.
Lisa Lu (pseudonym), who got pregnant unexpectedly due to the impulse of online dating, gave birth to a daughter without telling her boyfriend Liu Wei (pseudonym). Who knew that her boyfriend turned a blind eye to the mother and daughter? Yesterday morning (14), the Shanghai Pudong New Area Court ruled that Liu Wei should pay her daughter's childcare fee of 4,800 yuan for the first 24 months, and pay her daughter's childcare fee of 250 yuan monthly from May this year until her daughter lives independently.
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Third, the causes of Internet addiction
Three factors induce "Internet addiction"
Tao Hongkai, a well-known educator and distinguished professor of Central China Normal University, said that people with Internet addiction should not be taken seriously, but believe that children will change. Nowadays, many parents have a feeling of fear for their children. They are worried that their children will not go to school and their children will not succeed. From fear of resentment to hatred, there is an emotional opposition. This will not help solve the problem at all, because parents are emotional contagion to their children. If you are anxious, children will be more anxious. If you are sad, the child will be more sad.
First of all, many parents have problems with their education methods, which leads to their children becoming internet addicts. Many parents only know how to restrict their children from surfing the Internet, but they don't know how to divert their children's attention from surfing the Internet and cultivate their new hobbies. Parents should not label their children easily because they are autistic and have psychological problems. Please don't do this. In fact, we should believe that they are reasonable and tell children how to treat computer networks correctly. "Computers are tools, not toys." "It is not a hero to know how to play computers, but a hero to know how to use them."
Secondly, many poor students are addicted to the internet because they can't get recognition from others. They can't feel the joy of learning success in their daily study life, but they can get virtual rewards by playing games online, affirm themselves and vent their depression caused by unsuccessful learning.
Third, because of poor interpersonal relationship, I hope to escape from reality on the Internet. Although many students have good grades, they are introverted, suspicious and narrow-minded When you encounter problems, you are addicted to the internet, and your study and life are seriously affected.
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Fourth, Internet addiction treatment.
Four typical symptoms of Internet addiction and their "prescriptions" (all cases in this article are pseudonyms);
Family rationality based on problems teaches children.
The first category: problem families. Xiao Sheng, 16 years old.
His parents separated for two years, and he was addicted to Internet cafes and didn't want to go to school. Mother now dares not go to bed first every night for fear that her son will surf the Internet.
Diagnosis and treatment: when there are family problems, children often become victims, and the most prominent of these problems is parents' divorce. Parents' divorce will definitely have a negative impact on their children, so parents should fully consider their responsibilities before making such a decision. After the parents divorced, the education for their children was either missing or inconsistent.
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The development of is very unfavorable. Parents should rationally teach their children to face the reality and get through the crisis.
Violent parents change parent-child relationship
Type 2: violent parents. Xiao Yong, 18 years old, a technical secondary school student. I have been online for 4 years. In order to go online, he often cheats his parents' money, and his father often beats his children. Apart from asking for money to surf the Internet, Xiao Yong hardly communicates with his family.
Diagnosis and treatment: Beating and scolding children is the worst method in parents' education. In China's traditional concept, children are their own, and it is natural to beat and scold. The most common consequence of beating children is that children hate their parents, which can only lead to a deeper gap between parents and children. There is a famous American saying, "A child comes into this world through his parents, but he doesn't come for his parents." Therefore, parents should never regard their children as their own belongings, but should regard them as social people independent of their parents. Therefore, the first thing parents should do is to change their understanding of parent-child relationship.
Depressed children help them out of the shadows.
The third type: depressed children. Xiaolong, 15 years old, has dropped out of school because he is addicted to online games all day. In addition to eating and sleeping, the rest of the time is online, and the doctor diagnosed it as "depression". Xiao Zhi, 22 years old, often surfed the Internet after going to college and skipped classes during the day. So far, 15 courses have failed. The hospital diagnosed as "depression".
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Diagnosis and treatment: Children educated by unhealthy families often lose the correct direction of life, let alone the ideal of life, and their upward potential is often seriously dampened or distorted. How can such a child not be plagued by disease? Depression is often a big blow to children, which may come from family or school. Nowadays, only children are often surrounded by the love of their families. He has never suffered any setbacks since he was a child, and he often runs away from big blows. In this case, what parents can do is to help their children out of the shadows as much as possible and never give up.
Self-control is weak, what matters is choice.
Type 4: Weak self-control. Xiao Ning, aged 19, is a senior three student. Negative study, poor grades, infatuation with the internet. Because of poor academic performance, I often feel sorry for my parents, but my self-control is too poor to control myself.
Diagnosis and treatment: Many Internet addiction patients have this problem. He knows it's not good, and he doesn't want to go on like this, but he can't help it when he touches the computer. This is a typical lack of self-control. There are many choices in life, what is right and wrong, what to do and what not to do, what is pain and what is happiness. If you simplify the elements of life as much as possible, then the most important thing in life is choice. The higher the correct selection rate, the greater the success rate.
In recent years, with the rapid development of the Internet, more and more teenagers are addicted to the Internet. In the psychological clinic, there are more and more visitors who have emotional disorders, family conflicts and social problems due to excessive use of the Internet, which has attracted the attention of psychologists, medical workers and social workers. Addiction, also known as addiction, includes material dependence and behavioral dependence. At present, most scholars call Internet dependence "Internet Addiction Disorder" (IAD). Also known as pathological Internet use (PIU) and pathological Internet addiction.
The clinical manifestations of internet addiction are: psychological dependence on the internet, increasing online time; Get pleasure and satisfaction from surfing the internet, and fidget when you get off the internet; In real life, I seldom spend time to participate in social activities and communicate with people; Escape from the real life environment by surfing in virtual space; Deny the harm that excessive Internet access brings to your study, work and life [1].
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Recently, psychologists from three places across the Taiwan Strait held a consultation on the phenomenon of "Internet addiction" in Zhuhai, and agreed that the mechanism of Internet addiction is similar to drug addiction, which also produces physical dependence symptoms, such as inattention, sweaty palms, and irritability. Internet addiction is also very similar to gambling addiction. All of them are impulsive behaviors under the action of sex addiction substances, which will lead to academic failure, poor work performance, marital disharmony and even divorce, and even lead to crime in serious cases.
At present, the treatment of Internet addiction syndrome at home and abroad mostly stays in "psychotherapy" or "group psychological counseling", and the curative effect is not the same. Based on the rich experience of studying scopolamine for nearly 40 years, the center carefully analyzed the etiology and clinical manifestations of Internet addiction patients, put forward a brand-new concept of drug intervention and psychological counseling, and cooperated with Southeast Business Daily to provide treatment for 30 Internet addiction patients free of charge. The treatment and follow-up results of the first batch of patients are reported as follows.
I. Objectives and methods
1. case
The first batch of 6 patients who received treatment voluntarily signed up, which was organized by Southeast Business Daily. The oldest is 27 years old and the youngest is 16 years old. They all have a long history of surfing the Internet and have been surfing the Internet for several days and nights. Four of them ran away behind their parents' backs, and their physical condition gradually deteriorated due to long-term continuous surfing without sleeping.
Case 1: Patient, male, 18 years old, net name "living skeleton", hospitalized 15 days. The patient is a college student who dropped out of school because he was addicted to the Internet. He is a fan of online games. When he can't surf the Internet for some reason, he will be in a daze. I once set a record of surfing the internet for four days and four nights in a row. When I was surfing the internet continuously, I only lived on a bag of instant noodles every day. I can realize the harm of doing so, but I can't control my impulse to surf the Internet. Because my parents are laid off and my family income is low, I am determined to change myself from now on. I hope I can find a job to share my parents' worries after I quit Internet addiction, so I signed up for this Internet addiction center and was hospitalized.
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Case 2: Patient, male, 2 1 year-old, Yuyao, net name "Hall of Fame Handsome Boy", hospitalized 13 days. He was "cheated" by his parents to the center, and finally agreed to stay and treat Internet addiction under the persuasion of the doctor. According to his parents, he surfed the Internet all day, and he had serious resistance to his parents. He basically didn't talk to his parents every day. Indulge in "legendary" games, often play games until one or two in the morning before going home, and the number of times I left home for surfing the Internet has been countless; When his parents didn't give him money, he sold his mobile phone for money to surf the Internet. Self-report "When there is really no money, it is very comfortable to go to the Internet cafe to watch others play games."
Case 3: The patient, male, 18 years old, was hospitalized for 14 days. After graduating from junior high school, I didn't continue to go to school because I was addicted to the internet; Because the owner of the internet cafe didn't accept his money and asked him to bring more friends and classmates online, he couldn't extricate himself from surfing the internet all day and was persuaded by his parents to be addicted.
Case 4: Patient, male, 27 years old, salesman, the oldest of the first batch of patients, hospitalized for 13 days. Indulge in online forums and chats. I once lost my job because of surfing the internet, so I took a long vacation to work for treatment, hoping to quit Internet addiction with the help of a doctor.
Case 5: Patient, male, 17 years old, a sophomore majoring in computer science in a vocational high school, was hospitalized for 14 days. Because I was addicted to online games, my academic performance dropped significantly, and I went to see a doctor accompanied by my mother.
Case 6: Patient, male, 16 years old, Grade 2 student, hospitalized 14 days. I used to do well in my studies and was in the top three in my class. After I was addicted to online games, my academic performance has now dropped to more than 20. Come to therapy with my mother (as a teacher).
2 Diagnosis and laboratory examination
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2. 1 According to the diagnostic criteria of American IAD [2], all the above 6 cases were IAD.
2.2 The scores of self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale [3] show that cases 1, 2 and 3 (all) have higher scores, and the symptoms of anxiety and depression are (also) serious.
2.3 There is no abnormality in blood routine, urine routine, liver function, electrocardiogram and chest X-ray, and the qualified physical examination conforms to the treatment indication of scopolamine.
Three treatment methods
The general treatment principle of drug intervention and psychological counseling is: break first and then stand. The so-called "breaking" means first using drugs to intervene, using a certain dose of scopolamine once a day, or once every other day, a total of 3-5 times. The purpose is to inhibit the excessive excitement of the cerebral cortex, restore the balance system of the body during sleep and rest, and interrupt the patient's forced online behavior. Then came "Li", mainly using psychological counseling, Chinese medicine ear acupuncture, Chinese medicine conditioning, and going out to visit and travel. In the process of treating the first batch of patients, we took tennis fans out to visit ningbo grand theater, Dongqian Lake, Ningbo University, Zhenhai Zhaobaoshan Fort and other places, and introduced them to history and humanistic knowledge. On-the-spot conversation can make patients contact with real life, cultivate other interests outside the network, appreciate his bright spots, modify his virtual world with the real world, make them realize the beauty of the real world, increase their sense of responsibility, and thus get rid of dependence on the network.
According to the specific situation of each patient, the total course of treatment ranges from 10 to 15 days.
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Two. result
1. Efficacy standard
At the time of discharge, according to the clinical observation of patients; The degree of patients' cognition of network dependence at this time of private prosecution; Whether there are withdrawal symptoms such as irritability and anxiety; The results of admission and discharge were compared with those of self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale to evaluate the therapeutic effect. All patients have a follow-up scale given by our center after discharge, which is required to be sent back every two weeks to investigate its long-term curative effect.
2. The situation at the time of unloading
After treatment, the physical condition of 6 patients improved obviously. I don't think much about surfing the internet and playing games now. The withdrawal symptoms such as irritability and anxiety that appeared when I couldn't surf the internet for some reason have disappeared. The scores of anxiety scale and depression scale at discharge were significantly improved compared with those at admission; Reflect the obvious improvement in mood, determined to study hard and work with peace of mind in the future. Example 5, the patient did not surf the Internet at first, and turned his attention to using the receiver. After three days of treatment, he was obviously improved. The "living skeleton" with the longest treatment time said that he came with a try mentality more than ten days ago, but today, more than ten days later, "many things are changing a little." Now my mind has changed and I want to work at once. The shadow of computer in my mind is not as strong as before. "Handsome Hall of Fame" said that he didn't want to talk to his parents at all before, but now he still thinks it's impossible not to talk. When he comes back, he must have a good talk with them to discuss the problems of learning computer and finding a job. The patient mentioned in case 4 said that she once thought she was an adult and should have strong self-control, but somehow she just couldn't control the internet, which seriously affected her work. After this period of treatment and profound self-reflection, I am confident to restrain myself and concentrate on my work in the future. Several other cases also feel good.
3. Follow-up after two weeks
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Case 1 The patient "living skeleton" has found a job after being discharged from hospital after systematic treatment. Two weeks after he left the hospital, we followed him and found him in the workshop where he worked. During the conversation, he said that before he was admitted to the hospital, the Internet was always the first in his mind, and now work is the first. Although it is very hard now, it is very fulfilling. He hopes to make himself have a skill through hard work.
Case 2 "Hall of Fame Handsome Boy", parents took the initiative to call to thank us. According to his parents, his attitude towards his parents changed obviously after he was discharged from the hospital, and he took the initiative to tell his parents about the trip we took him to during his hospitalization. We followed him and his parents by phone and learned that he worked in a small factory for two weeks after he was discharged from hospital. He worked hard. Although I surf the Internet occasionally, I can control the time of surfing the Internet in strict accordance with the doctor's advice when I leave the hospital. Case 4 The salesman has been working since he was discharged from the hospital, and has not been delayed for two weeks because of playing games as before.
At present, except for case 3, which can't be followed up because of losing contact with us, the other two cases, case 5 and case 6, are in good condition for two weeks. They go to school on time every day and concentrate on their studies. They only surf the internet occasionally when they have spare time after school, and they can also get off the line in time and rest on time as planned, and they will never play games all night without sleeping as before.
Three. discuss
As we all know, there is a "reward system" in the human body. The material basis of this system is mainly neurotransmitters such as dopamine and acetylcholine, which can regulate people's mood and make people highly excited in a short time. Drugs, such as heroin, increase the content of dopamine and other neurotransmitters in the body through exogenous substances, which makes people feel euphoric; Behavioral addicts such as internet and gambling increase the content of neurotransmitters such as dopamine through endogenous substances. Basile AS reported that compared with normal mice, the dopamine content of M5 receptor gene-deleted mice was significantly reduced, and its reward effect was significantly weakened. A group of mice treated with m receptor blocker scopolamine, similar to M5 receptor gene knockout mice, will also lead to the decrease of dopamine content. This experimental result provides a reliable theoretical basis for the treatment of reward system disorder with scopolamine. Our center mainly treats heroin addiction for nearly ten years with scopolamine, which has theoretical basis. At present, more than 10,000 patients 1 10,000 cases have been treated, and the curative effect is remarkable, which has been recognized by all walks of life [5]. The usage and dosage of scopolamine in the treatment of internet addiction are different from heroin detoxification, and the methods are slightly adjusted according to the principle of individualized treatment. Our preliminary clinical study has confirmed that drug intervention plus psychological counseling has a certain effect on Internet addiction, and the treatment prospect is optimistic. At present, our research is still in the initial exploration stage, and the long-term effect cannot be evaluated. Internet addiction patients will still contact the internet after discharge. Whether they can resist the temptation, strictly control the online time, or relapse of Internet addiction remains to be observed and studied.
According to a survey conducted by the World Health Organization, it is estimated that 97% of Internet addiction patients in China have not received proper and scientific medical services. Based on the understanding of the pathogenesis of internet addiction, we take drug intervention. Internet addiction is a behavioral dependence. Long-term online use causes complex physiological and biochemical changes in the body (including the brain) through reward or adaptation mechanism, leading to autonomic nerve dysfunction, hormone imbalance and decreased immune function. In fact, psychiatrists used drugs to treat internet addiction as early as a few years ago, but only used anti-anxiety drugs and antidepressants. Our intervention in drugs also comes from practice. Many patients can't be contacted and treated without drugs, and the effect is better after taking drugs. The prospect of the comprehensive treatment scheme of drug intervention and psychological counseling needs to be tested in practice and continuously improved and developed.
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