First, diabetes.
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia caused by many reasons. Hyperglycemia is caused by the defect of insulin secretion or action, or the coexistence of both. In addition to carbohydrates, there are protein and abnormal fat metabolism. Long-term illness can cause multiple system damage, lead to chronic progressive lesions in eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, blood vessels and other tissues, and cause functional defects and failure.
Second, the classification of diabetes
1, 1 type diabetes mellitus
These patients have the destruction of islet cells, resulting in absolute insulin deficiency, and tend to ketoacidosis, including immune-mediated diabetes and idiopathic diabetes.
2. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Most patients are obese, and obesity itself will cause different degrees of insulin resistance. Although some patients can't be defined as obesity by traditional weight standard methods, they may have abnormal fat distribution, such as increased fat distribution in abdomen or viscera. This type of patients rarely spontaneously develop ketoacidosis, but in emergencies such as infection, ketoacidosis can be induced.
3. Other special types of diabetes.
At present, it is known that some types of diabetes are related to single gene defect of B cell function, which represents adult onset diabetes among young people. Abnormal insulin action caused by genetic factors leads to diabetes. Pancreatic exocrine diseases, a series of endocrine diseases, drugs or chemicals are actually secondary diabetes.
4, gestational diabetes mellitus
After pregnancy, if you find that you have different degrees of impaired glucose tolerance or obvious diabetes, whether you need insulin or diet, and whether this situation persists after delivery, it can be considered as gestational diabetes.
Third, matters needing attention
The diet of diabetic patients should be low in salt, fat and sugar, and three meals a day should be regular to avoid overeating. Reasonable diet control is very important for diabetic patients. If the diet is not well controlled, it will lead to the increase of blood sugar and blood lipid and cause some serious complications. Avoid foods rich in starch. Limit the intake of fat.