First, the etiology of cervical precancerous lesions
Cervical cancer is the only gynecological malignant tumor with definite etiology at present, which is related to the persistent infection of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a double-stranded DNA virus with a spherical shell and a diameter of 55nm, which mainly infects the skin mucosa epithelium and causes different lesions. At present, more than 200 human papillomavirus viruses have been identified, of which at least 30 are related to genital tract mucosal infections.
Clinical manifestations of cervical precancerous lesions
Patients with cervical precancerous lesions generally do not show obvious symptoms, or only have the general symptoms of cervicitis, such as increased leucorrhea. There are also complaints of leucorrhea or a small amount of vaginal bleeding after sexual contact.
Severe cervical intraepithelial neoplasia belongs to precancerous lesions, which is reversible, that is, some lesions can disappear naturally, but it is also progressive, that is, the lesions can develop and even become cancerous. Its reversibility and development are related to the scope and degree of the lesion. The possibility of natural disappearance of mild intraepithelial neoplasia is obviously greater than that of moderate and severe lesions. Severe intraepithelial neoplasia is more likely to develop into cancer than mild and moderate lesions. Some scholars also believe that mild cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is benign abnormal hyperplasia, which can naturally turn to normal.
Third, the examination of cervical precancerous lesions
1. Step 1: TCT thin-layer liquid-based cytology detection.
First, thin-layer liquid-based cytology (TCT) was used to observe the exfoliated cervical cells under the microscope to see if there were any abnormalities in the cervical cells. In addition, if economic conditions permit, human papillomavirus detection can also be carried out at the same time, so the accuracy will be higher.
2. Step 2: Electronic colposcopy
After TCT thin-layer liquid-based cytology, if cervical cells are abnormal, colposcopy is needed. It is of great value for early detection and diagnosis of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions to observe the subtle changes in the surface layer of the prone area of cervical precancerous lesions under 40 times magnification of electronic colposcopy.
Step 3: Histopathological examination.
If colposcopy finds abnormality, biopsy should be performed under the guidance of special staining. Under the guidance of colposcopy, cervical lesions can be diagnosed by multi-point biopsy and histopathological examination respectively.
After the above three steps, cervical lesions can be identified and early cervical cancer can be found.
Fourth, the diagnosis of cervical precancerous lesions
Because the clinical manifestations of this disease are not specific. Its symptoms and signs can not be diagnosed separately, and the diagnosis is mainly based on histological examination.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) prevents cervical precancerous lesions
1. Strengthen health education, raise awareness of prevention, avoid premature sex and put an end to sexual dysfunction.
2. Do gynecological examination regularly. Married women are advised to have a cervical cytological examination once a year, and further pathological examination is needed if problems are found.
3. For people who have found cervical lesions and reproductive system infections, especially those infected with human papillomavirus (HPV), corresponding diagnosis and treatment measures should be actively taken to prevent the occurrence and development of cervical cancer.