What are the common methods to study preschool children's psychology? As children grow up, their ideas will gradually change. As parents, they want to know what their children are thinking. In fact, we can observe children's psychology in some ways. Let's take a look at the common methods of learning preschool children's psychology with me!
What are the common methods to study preschool children's psychology? 1 empirical research method-British philosopher bacon said: "science is experimental science, and science lies in sorting out perceptual materials with rational methods. Induction, analysis, comparison, observation and experiment are the main conditions of rational methods. " Child psychology, like other sciences, attaches importance to sorting out perceptual materials in a rational way. It is embodied in the following three methods.
1. Observation is a method to observe the changes of children's words and deeds under certain conditions in a planned and purposeful way, and make detailed records, and then analyze them to judge the characteristics of their psychological activities. Observation is the most basic method of scientific research. Through observation, people can collect the most direct information, including the occurrence and development of events and related data. According to the different dimensions, observation can be divided into the following specific types. In terms of time, it can be divided into long-term observation and regular observation.
Long-term observation means that researchers continue to systematically observe, accumulate, sort out and analyze data for a long time. Regular observation refers to continuous observation at a certain time interval (such as once a week) and summary after a certain stage. From the scope, it can be divided into comprehensive observation and key observation. Comprehensive observation refers to observing and recording several psychological phenomena simultaneously in the same study. The key observation is to observe and record only a certain psychological phenomenon in the same study. From the scale, it can be divided into group observation and individual observation. Group observation means that researchers observe a group of children and record all kinds of behaviors in this group.
Individual observation, also known as case method, is a special observation of specific children. Case method is the simplest and most direct psychological research method, which has enlightening and leading functions.
2. Survey methods: Survey methods include four methods: interview, questionnaire, test and product analysis.
3. Experimental methods.
What are the common methods to study preschool children's psychology? 2 1.
Warren believes that children's psychology has adopted the observation method from the beginning, and it is by this method that achievements have been made. Observation is an objective method, but it is also easy to be mixed with subjective factors. In order to describe it comprehensively and accurately, we should be selective in observation and use "frame of reference", that is, phenomena that can be explained and matched with the original knowledge and experience system. In addition, he also asked observers to master an important principle: methods should be combined with opinions. Only the right viewpoint can guarantee the right method and get the right result.
2. Experimental method
Warren believes that the experimental method cannot be used for children before the age of 3, because the experimental method is an observation method under certain conditions. Changing the natural conditions of children's lives in order to facilitate observation will cause unnatural changes in children's psychology, and undoubtedly the correct results will not be obtained. He thinks that in some experiments, we can only change the observation tool without changing the object, that is, we can combine observation with natural law, that is, natural experiment.
3. Clinical methods
Warren pointed out that when dealing with children with morbid psychology, clinical methods can infer the reasons according to the results; To study some typical behaviors of sick children. You can understand the development speed of their psychological activities or functions. Clinical methods are helpful to diagnose children with abnormal development and predict what kind of life they can adapt to, which is of great significance to guide the life and education of children with normal development.
4. Statistical methods of inspection
Warren thinks that quantitative statistics can be used, although there are limitations. When counting the number of any psychological characteristics, don't be confused by superficial phenomena, but be sure to observe carefully. If the intelligence test is conducted, the purpose of the test is to show the highest level of children's intelligence development, which requires the use of statistics to make up for the lack of testing methods and make some inspections and corrections. In Huarong's view, testing and statistics may contribute to the analysis of individual psychological characteristics, but they are powerless to fully express a person's psychological whole. It should be pointed out that the characteristic of Warren's research method lies not in the method itself, but in the viewpoint that guides his method, that is, when using research methods, we should use dialectical materialism to understand the law of the continuous formation and change of reality, and only in this way can we express the essence of objective reality. Therefore, Huarong Road resolutely opposes the separation from the surrounding environment when studying children, and also opposes Abbina's "development ladder", and only studies children from the aspects of intelligence and purity.