Health investment, small investment and high safety.
Connotation of health education
The basic connotation of health means that the physical, psychological and social adaptability is in a good state.
Health education is to promote people to consciously adopt healthy behaviors and lifestyles, eliminate or reduce risk factors that affect health, prevent diseases, promote health and improve the quality of life through planned, organized and systematic social education activities.
The core of health education is to educate people to establish health awareness, urge people to change unhealthy behavior lifestyle and develop good behavior lifestyle, so as to reduce or eliminate risk factors affecting health. Through health education, we can help people understand which behaviors affect their health and consciously choose healthy behaviors and lifestyles.
Children's health education knowledge
In the first stage (from one year old to one and a half years old), children's understanding of adult language develops rapidly, but their ability to speak actively develops slowly.
In the second stage (about one and a half to three years old), children's active language develops rapidly and the sentence structure is more complicated.
Before one and a half years old, children mainly say one or two sentences, such as what children might use? Hat? To show? I want to wear a hat? . These words can't express the meaning of children well, and the pronunciation is often unclear and difficult to understand; After one and a half years old, children's vocabulary has obviously increased, and the range of parts of speech has obviously expanded, which can be said to be a sentence composed of multiple words. Although these sentences are simple at first, and there are no syntactic rules, after all, children begin to express themselves in sentences. After that, the sentence structure became more and more complex, the number of words increased, and the content expressed became more and more abundant.
By the age of two, children can gradually express some special meanings. 1, time. For example, he would say? I just washed my hands? ,? Today is Sunday, so we don't go to kindergarten? . Of course, the time he stated may be inconsistent with the actual situation (such as? I only slept for a minute? In fact, he slept for three hours. 2. interpersonal relationships. For example, a child said to his aunt, Why don't you take me to the street quietly and don't tell your brother and sister-in-law? ; 3. age. A child before the age of two can tell how old he is only because his parents have repeatedly taught him, but after the age of two, he has initially understood the meaning of age. For example, if a child spills rice on the ground and his mother criticizes him, will he say? I am still young. . Although he doesn't know whether he is two or three years old, he already has a general concept of age. 4. Begin to express the beauty and ugliness. After the age of two, children began to pay attention to beautiful things and ugly things. For example, whenever mom puts on beautiful clothes, he will say? Isn't mom beautiful? .
By the time children are about two and a half years old, they can almost express everything they have experienced in their daily life.
Language plays a very important role, which provides a foundation for children to learn social experience and form moral quality. Therefore, parents should actively encourage their children to learn languages and give them more opportunities to speak. For example, often talk to children, say songs, tell stories and so on. Respond positively to the child's words and don't ignore them; Teach children to learn more vocabulary; When a child makes mistakes in his language, don't make fun of him, don't deliberately repeat his mistakes, but give him a correct demonstration.
Health education knowledge of primary and middle school students
(A) the development of body shape
Adolescence is a transitional stage from childhood to adulthood, when reproductive organs begin to develop into maturity. Girls generally reach puberty at the age of 12 ~ 18, and boys enter puberty two years later than girls. Due to the influence of nervous system and endocrine, the shape and function of human body will change significantly.
A. Accelerated growth of height: Accelerated growth of height generally lasts for 2-3 years. During this period, the height is generally 6 ~ 8 cm per year, and most of them increase at the rate of 10 ~ 12 cm. The growth of height marks the growth of bones, first of all, the growth of lower limbs, and then the elongation of spine. Although there are congenital factors to grow taller, reasonable nutrition, physical exercise and scientific living habits are also conducive to growing taller and faster.
B. Accelerated weight growth: As the height increases, the weight also increases rapidly. Before puberty, the average body weight increases by 2 ~ 4 kg per year, and during adolescence, it can increase by 5 ~ 8 kg. Weight gain is the result of the rapid growth of bones, muscles, fat and internal organs.
C. the emergence of secondary sexual characteristics: the difference between male and female reproductive organs is the primary sexual characteristics. After puberty, other external differences between men and women except gender are called secondary sexual characteristics. If the sexual performance is prominent Adam's apple, the voice becomes thicker, and the beard, pubic hair and armpit hair appear one after another. For women, the voice is higher, the breasts develop, the pelvis becomes wider, the buttocks become bigger, and pubic hair and armpit hair also appear one after another.
Enhance physical function
Adolescents who enter adolescence not only increase their height and weight rapidly, but also enhance their physiological functions of nervous system and internal organs.
A. Brain: It is mainly manifested in that the regulating function of the brain to the human body is greatly enhanced, the reasoning and argumentation ability is gradually improved, and it is easy to accept new things. At the same time, the cerebral cortex is easily excited and impulsive, with poor thinking and attention, but strong plasticity.
B. Heart: The cardiac muscle is thickened, the cardiac contractility is enhanced, and the cardiac function is obviously improved. At the age of 17 ~ 18, the cardiac stroke output is 60 ~ 70 ml, which is close to that of adults.
C. Lung: At the age of 10, the lung capacity is only about 1400 ml, and by the age of 14 ~ 15, the lung capacity has obviously increased to 2000 ~ 2500 ml.
D. emergence of secondary sexual characteristics: from adolescence, the development of reproductive organs is accelerated, the volume and weight are increased, and the functions are gradually improved. Are you online? Hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad? Under the action of the regulating axis, the volume of male testis increases, which can produce sperm, secrete androgen and appear nocturnal emission. Women's ovaries gain weight, can produce eggs and secrete estrogen, and have menstruation. Sex hormones secreted by gonads promote the further development of reproductive organs and the emergence of secondary sexual characteristics.
(3) Physiological signs before puberty.
The physiological changes in adolescence are varied. Shape, height, weight, chest circumference, shoulder width, pelvis and so on have accelerated growth; Functional aspects, such as nervous system, muscle strength, vital capacity, blood pressure, pulse, hemoglobin, red blood cells and so on. Has been strengthened; Physical qualities such as speed, endurance, agility and flexibility change greatly; Endocrine, various hormones have increased; Reproductive organs and sexual functions have also developed rapidly, and so on.
(4) The quality development of adolescence.
The quality development of adolescence is closely related to the degree of physical exercise. Although there are some gender differences between men and women in quality development, boys surpass girls in speed, strength and endurance, while girls are good at flexibility, coordination and balance. However, on the basis of insisting on physical exercise and scientific training, girls can also overcome their physical deficiencies and greatly improve their quality.
(five) female adolescent menstrual health care and menstrual hygiene.
Menstruation: Female students began to have periodic endometrial shedding around 13 years old, so uterine bleeding was discharged from vagina. This phenomenon is called menstruation.
Menstrual cycle: The interval from the first day of menstruation to the day before the next menstrual cramp is generally 28 days. The menstrual period is usually 3 ~ 5 days, and the amount of bleeding is about 50 ~ 100 ml. However, menstrual women's body resistance is weakened, the endometrium falls off, the wound is opened, the cervix is slightly opened, and the acidic secretions in the vagina are infected by blood, so special attention should be paid to hygiene. Menstrual period should pay attention to the following points:
A. feel comfortable and don't be too nervous. Try to avoid mood swings, otherwise it will affect the regulatory function of the cerebral cortex and cause menstrual disorder.
B Pay attention to keep warm, don't get wet, swim or wash your hair and feet with cold water, so as to avoid cold stimulation causing contraction of uterine and pelvic blood vessels, leading to oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea.
C menstrual utensils should be clean, and menstrual belts made of soft cotton cloth or sanitary napkins with strong water absorption and soft texture should be selected.
D always keep the vulva clean and wash the vulva with water every day.
E. It is not advisable to participate in heavy physical labor and strenuous physical exercise during menstrual period, so as to avoid excessive menstrual blood and prolonged menstrual period.
F Eat more nutritious and digestible foods, avoid irritating foods such as fishy and spicy food, drink more boiled water, and keep the stool unobstructed.
G. Work and rest on time, and keep enough sleep and rest time. During menstruation, severe pain in the lower abdomen is called dysmenorrhea. The reason is that the menstrual blood is not smooth, which makes the uterus contract too strongly. The ways to deal with it are: live a regular life and keep a happy mood; Taking an active part in sports activities at ordinary times can regulate the body well and relieve dysmenorrhea; Pay attention to menstrual hygiene. If dysmenorrhea is serious, you can take painkillers or apply a hot water bag to your abdomen.
Tips: Children are the sun of tomorrow. In China, due to the improvement of people's living standards, children's education has become the focus of every family. In order to promote the healthy growth of children, every family attaches great importance to their health education. However, parents should pay attention to scientific and reasonable health education, not only to their children's physical health, but also to their mental health. We should make a correct education plan according to the contents given in the above different stages, so that children can have a better tomorrow.