Organic solvents have low boiling point and are easy to volatilize at room temperature. The main way to enter the human body is through respiratory tract or skin inhalation. Homosexual toxicity of organic solvents is mainly neurotoxicity.
Short-term exposure to various high-concentration solvents can cause similar anesthetic effects, manifested as central nervous system dysfunction, such as disorientation, dizziness, insanity, coma, paralysis, convulsions and so on. In severe cases, he may die of respiratory failure or cardiac arrest.
The vast majority of poisoned people can recover quickly after leaving contact. Long-term chronic exposure to low-concentration organic solvents causes polyneuropathy, and carbon disulfide, n-hexane and methyl n-butanone are all harmful to peripheral nerves, showing abnormal sensation until paralysis, muscle atrophy, slow nerve conduction speed and abnormal electromyography.
The harm of organic solvents to other systems, such as respiratory system, has a certain stimulating effect; Skin contact with solvents can cause dermatitis, skin allergy and so on. Chronic benzene poisoning will cause damage to hematopoietic organs, leading to aplastic anemia and leukemia.
Second, prevention and control.
1. When producing and using organic solvents, sealing and ventilation should be strengthened to reduce the escape and evaporation of organic solvents.
2. Adopt automatic and mechanized operation to reduce the chance of direct contact of operators.
3. Use personal protective equipment, such as gas masks or protective gloves.
4. When the skin mucosa is polluted, it should be cleaned in time.
Don't eat or smoke with contaminated hands.
6. Wash your hands, bathe and change clothes frequently.
7. Regular health examination, early detection of poisoning signs, corresponding treatment, strict dynamic observation.
Extended data:
What occupational disease treatment do occupational disease patients enjoy according to law?
1, the employer shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, arrange treatment, rehabilitation and regular examination for patients with occupational diseases. The employing unit shall transfer the occupational disease patients who are not suitable to continue their original jobs and make proper arrangements.
2, the diagnosis and treatment of occupational disease patients, rehabilitation costs, disability and disability of occupational disease patients' social security, in accordance with the provisions of the state on social insurance for work-related injuries. If a worker is diagnosed with occupational diseases, but the employer fails to participate in social insurance for work-related injuries according to law, his medical and living security shall be borne by the last employer.
3, the employer shall timely arrange suspected occupational disease patients for diagnosis; During the period of diagnosis or medical observation, patients suspected of occupational diseases may not terminate or terminate their labor contracts. The expenses of patients suspected of occupational diseases during diagnosis and medical observation shall be borne by the employer.
4. In addition to enjoying social insurance for work-related injuries according to law, patients with occupational diseases have the right to claim compensation from the employer according to relevant civil laws.
5, occupational disease patients change their work units, and the benefits they enjoy according to law remain unchanged.
Qilu Net-Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Knowledge
Baidu encyclopedia-organic solvent