How to effectively prevent occupational diseases

Correcting bad posture in life and preventing chronic injury of neck and shoulder soft tissue are the pathological basis of cervical spondylosis. Bad posture in life is one of the main causes of chronic strain, so it is of great significance to correct bad posture in daily life to prevent cervical spondylosis. Reasonable use of pillows is a protective tool for cervical vertebrae. An adult needs to spend 1/4 ~ 1/3 of his sleep time every day. So the pillow must meet the physiological requirements of the neck. After deep sleep, the neck and shoulder muscles are completely relaxed, and the normal relationship of intervertebral structure is maintained only by the elastic bundles of intervertebral ligament and joint capsule. If the pillow with inappropriate height is used for a long time, the cervical spine will be excessively flexed, and the ligaments and joint capsules here will be damaged by tension, leading to cervical instability and joint dislocation, which will further develop into cervical spondylosis. Prevention of chronic strain because some jobs require special posture or work in forced posture for a long time. If we don't pay attention to it, it is easy to cause chronic strain and gradually lead to cervical spondylosis. To prevent chronic strain, besides doing balanced exercise at work or in spare time, we can also choose certain exercises according to different ages and physical conditions to strengthen muscle strength and physique, so as to prevent the occurrence of cervical spondylosis. Treatment of cervical spondylosis: (1) traction 1. Indications Cervical traction is often the first choice for nerve root type, cervical type and sympathetic cervical spondylosis. However, cervical spondylotic myelopathy with obvious spinal cord compression and obvious cervical segmental instability is not suitable for use. 2. The method of cervical traction generally uses cervical pillow traction belt for cervical traction. (1) posture: The posture can be sitting or lying. For convenience, take a stable sitting posture, so that the neck tilts forward about 10-3o from the longitudinal axis of the trunk to avoid overstretching. Patients are required to fully relax the muscles of neck, shoulders and whole body. The traction posture should make the patient feel comfortable, and if there is discomfort, it should be adjusted as appropriate. Patients with vertebral artery type should lean forward at a small angle, and patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy should take a nearly vertical posture to avoid flexion and traction. (2) Traction weight and duration: The commonly used traction weight varies greatly, ranging from 65,438+0/65,438+00 to 65,438+0/5 of the patient's own weight, and most of them use 6-7kg. Use less weight at the beginning to facilitate the patient's adaptation. At the end of each traction, the patient should have obvious neck stretching feeling, but there is no special discomfort. If this feeling is not obvious, it is necessary to increase the weight appropriately. Each traction usually lasts 20-30 minutes. Traction weight and duration can be combined in different ways. Generally speaking, when the traction weight is large, the duration is short, and when the traction weight is small, the duration is long. (3) Traction frequency and course of treatment: generally traction 1-2 times/day, or 3 times/day, 10-20 days is a course of treatment, which can last for several courses until the symptoms are basically eliminated. (4) If traction in sitting position is ineffective, or if the patient has severe symptoms or is weak and cannot sit for a long time, traction in supine position can be adopted. Keep the correct posture with a pillow, and the traction weight is generally 2-3kg. After continuous traction for 2 hours, rest for 15 minutes before traction. The total daily traction time can reach 1O- 14 hours. (5) Electric traction equipment can be used for intermittent traction, which is considered to be beneficial to relax muscles and improve local blood circulation. Generally tow for 2 minutes, relax or reduce the traction weight 1 minute, and repeat for about half an hour. (2) Massage 1. Function and Indication Chinese medicine believes that cervical spondylosis is caused by long-term neck fatigue, disharmony between qi and blood, exogenous cold and obstruction of meridians. Massage therapy can reconcile qi and blood, dispel wind and cold, relax muscles and collaterals, thus achieving the effect of spasmolysis and pain relief. Massage is suitable for all types of cervical spondylosis except the spinal cord type with severe cervical spinal cord compression. For cervical spondylotic myelopathy, massage therapy is not traditionally advocated, which may aggravate spinal cord injury. However, there are reports of safe and effective traction massage therapy in China. Therefore, for mild cervical spondylotic myelopathy, massage therapy is not necessarily taboo, but the technique should be gentle without pulling. 2. Methods The manipulation of cervical spondylosis should be both rigid and flexible, and not rude. The common techniques and procedures are as follows: (1) Repeatedly massage with palm rubbing, probing and one finger meditation on the neck and back, then point, press or hold at some acupoints such as Fengchi, Fengfu, Neishu, Shoujing, Tianzong and Quepen-missing on the neck and shoulder du meridian, and then. If it is nerve root type, manual therapy should include the main acupoints of shoulder, elbow and hand; If it is vertebral artery type, it should include Baihui and temples in the head and face. Then use the wrench method. Finally, it ends with wiping, patting and patting. (2) When pulling, instruct the patient to rotate the neck to one side. The performer puts his hands under the patient's pillow and occipital back respectively, and slightly rotates the head and neck. At this time, be sure to pay attention to: 1) The rotation angle cannot be too large. 2) Don't unilaterally pursue the "click" sound that may be made when turning your neck. 3) Cervical spondylosis of spinal cord type and vertebral artery type should not be treated with wrench. (3) Physical therapy can improve local blood circulation, relax spasmodic muscles and relieve symptoms. Methods High frequency (microwave, ultrashort wave), low intermediate frequency electrotherapy (such as TENS, intermittent electrotherapy, computer intermediate frequency), ultrasound and magnetic therapy can be selected. (4) exercise therapy 1. The effect of exercise therapy on cervical spondylosis is mainly to do medical gymnastics. The purpose and function of medical gymnastics for cervical spondylosis are mainly in two aspects: (1) through relaxation exercises in all directions of the neck, the blood circulation in the neck area can be activated, congestion and edema can be eliminated, and at the same time, the cervical ligament can be stretched and the spasmodic muscles can be relaxed, thus relieving symptoms; (2) Strengthen the neck muscles, enhance their fatigue tolerance, and improve the stability of the cervical spine, thus consolidating the therapeutic effect and preventing recurrence. 2. Indications and contraindications When the symptoms of various cervical spondylosis are basically relieved or in a chronic state, medical gymnastics can be started to promote the further elimination of symptoms and consolidate the curative effect. When the symptoms are acute, it is necessary to rest locally, and it is not appropriate to increase exercise stimulation. Exercise should be prohibited when there are obvious or progressive symptoms of spinal cord compression, especially when the cervical vertebra moves backward. When cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type occurs, the neck rotation should be gentle and slow, and the amplitude should be properly controlled. (5) Nerve block therapy Intervertebral foramen block (epidural block) and paraspinal sympathetic nerve block are effective treatment methods. Repeated single block or continuous injection of drugs can achieve good results. Block twice a week, 5 times as a course of treatment. Epidural catheter can be injected once a day, and every 5 times is a course of treatment. Stellate ganglion block is very effective in the treatment of sympathetic cervical spondylosis (generally combined with intervertebral foramen and neck pain point block). The first blocking treatment can often achieve immediate results, but most of them can not maintain long-term curative effect, and it needs repeated surgery to consolidate the effect, at least 2 ~ 4 courses of treatment. (6) When the symptoms of cervical spondylosis are obvious, drugs are often used as adjuvant therapy to promote the relief of symptoms. Commonly used drugs include antispasmodic analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics, neurotrophics and vasodilators. Chinese medicine also often uses (7) exercise to treat cervical spondylosis, which is very simple, once every morning and evening, each time about 10 minutes. The specific method is as follows: 1. Look left and right: take a standing or sitting position, with your hands akimbo and your head and neck alternately rotating left and right. When turning to the maximum, turn back slightly and then go beyond the original range. Then look back or up as much as possible. Turn both sides 10 times. 2. Looking up at the sky: standing or sitting, hands akimbo, head and neck leaning back and looking up at the sky, gradually increasing the amplitude. Stop for a few seconds and then resume. * * * Do it 8 times. 3. Neck-arm resistance: Take a standing position or a sitting position, and cross your hands tightly against the occipital part of the back of your head. Stretch your head and neck back hard, and stop with your hands. After a few seconds of continuous confrontation, they all recovered. * * * Do it six to eight times. Another way is to stand or sit, put your hands on the pillow behind your head, and clamp the necks on both sides with your forearms. Turn your head and neck hard to the left, and at the same time, stop with your left forearm. After a few seconds of continuous resistance, relax and recover, and then do it in the opposite direction. Everyone does it six to eight times. 4. Turn around and look back: stand firm, lunge right front, and rotate your body to the left. At the same time, raise your right palm as much as possible, pull down your left palm and look back at your left hand. After reduction, it is changed to left front lunge, with the opposite direction and the same action. Alternate left and right, * * * do 8 to 10 times. 5. Around the neck: take a standing or sitting position, relax your head and neck, and rotate clockwise and counterclockwise alternately. * * * Do it 6 times. The main points of the above sections are: the speed is slow and the amplitude is gradually increasing; After each section, breathe naturally, and then do the next section after a pause. The direction of action that causes symptoms needs to be gradually adapted and move with the trend.