The content of community service should aim at meeting the needs of residents and provide any services that residents need. Mainly include:
(1) serving the elderly. Establish various types of universities for the elderly, various cultural and sports activities beneficial to the health of the elderly, and social welfare institutions such as welfare homes, elderly apartments, elderly health care, elderly laws, elderly matchmaking, elderly psychological and health services, and provide various services to facilitate the lives of the elderly and improve their quality of life.
(2) Social security services. For low-income families in the community, we should provide social security and assistance in accordance with national policies, implement the minimum living security policy, establish re-employment bases, strengthen professional intermediaries, and do everything possible to arrange for laid-off workers to re-employment.
(3) Special care service. Mainly assist * * * to implement the preferential treatment policy, do a good job in the resettlement of retired military personnel, carry out the service of supporting the army and providing convenience for the families of soldiers and disabled soldiers.
(4) serving the disabled. Provide employment placement services, medical rehabilitation services, basic living services and matchmaking services for the disabled.
(5) Security services. Community neighborhood committees can build community security facilities as needed, such as electronic anti-theft monitoring system and building intercom system. A public security patrol composed of community volunteers can be set up in the community.
(6) medical and health care services. Do a good job in community health rooms, carry out rehabilitation medical services for common diseases, publicize health and disease prevention knowledge, and raise the health awareness of the whole people.
(7) Youth services. Provide all kinds of healthy and beneficial sports and fitness venues for young people and organize all kinds of healthy and beneficial activities.
(8) domestic service. Introduce domestic servants to households, such as nannies, tutors, cleaners, repairmen, shuttle bus services, etc.
(9) Intermediary and information services. Gradually establish a regional help-seeking network system, realize the modernization and networking of community services, issue help-seeking service cards, publicize service items, charging standards, contact information and service commitments, and achieve "people want me when they are in trouble, and help me when they need it".
What do community nurses need to evaluate when conducting community assessment?
(1) Geographical environment characteristics
1) area: When conducting community assessment, the size of the community should be made clear first. People usually define communities by geographical scope, but not all communities have a clear geographical division. Generally speaking, a region can be divided into specific regions, such as townships, towns, districts and cities. It can also be divided into abstract areas such as living area, service area and working area.
2) Geographical location: mainly analyze whether the residential area is located in the city or the countryside; Located in the commercial, industrial or residential areas of the city. The geographical location of the community will affect people's health to varying degrees. For example, the community is located in an industrial zone, which may cause pollution; Being located in the business district needs to consider the impact of noise on residents' health.
3) Environment and climate: the community environment includes physical environment, biological environment and social and cultural environment, which make each community unique and can have a certain impact on the health of community residents, such as whether the community is close to rivers; Whether the temperature is too cold or too hot, and how humid it is; Whether there are pollution sources around the community; Whether the cultural life is rich and colorful.
4) Artificial environment: building workshops and bridges; Treatment of domestic waste and medical waste; Changes in the ecological environment of animals and plants may destroy the natural environment and threaten the health of residents.
(2) Characteristics of population groups
1) people: people are one of the most important components in the community and the foundation of the community. At present, the number of people forming a community has not been determined, ranging from L ~ 20,000 in a small area to L0 ~ 30 300,000 in a big city. The general information of community demographics also includes age, gender, marriage, race, occupation and education level. Population density is one of the factors affecting health. A high density will increase the chance of environmental pollution, and a crowded place is easy to spread diseases, while a sparse population is not conducive to the full use of health resources.
2) Population health status: the average life expectancy, main health problems, causes of illness, causes of death, occupations, low-income people and violent incidents of residents in this area can reflect their physical quality and overall health level.
(3) Social system: People live in a certain area and form different social systems in the process of people's communication, such as medical care, education and entertainment. Therefore, when evaluating communities, it is necessary to examine whether these social systems are sound.
1) Health care system: Health care institutions in the community can help residents meet their basic health care needs. Geographical location, distribution, convenient transportation and other factors directly affect residents' medical treatment and health care. Health human resources, such as the number and quality of medical staff, the ability to provide health care services, the ratio of equipment to population, and the amount of health funds will also affect the health level of residents.
2) Welfare system: The soundness of the welfare system has a great relationship with the stability of the community, including community security measures, housing, commodity supply, transportation, etc.
3) Education system: including kindergartens, regular school institutions, libraries, cultural centers and available resources for receiving special education.
4) Entertainment system: The type, quantity and availability of entertainment facilities in the community will affect the life of community residents. Nurses should know whether there are parks, street gardens, children's play areas, theaters, playgrounds and other public leisure facilities in the community, and whether residents are satisfied with the leisure facilities provided by the community.
5) Religious system: Religious belief is closely related to the lifestyle, values and health behaviors of community residents, and even affects morbidity and mortality.
What are the three aspects of data collected by community health assessment?
Two. Types of health information (1) Subjective information refers to the information obtained by talking with the appraisee, including the appraisee's complaints, relatives' complaints and the description of the appraisee's health status obtained by asking questions. (II) Objective Data Observable or sensible changes have taken place in the body surface or internal structure of the assessed person after illness, such as jaundice, hepatomegaly, heart murmur, etc. These changes are clinically referred to as signs. When the assessed observes or feels these changes with the help of sensory organs, laboratories or instruments, these changes become objective data. Physical signs are an important basis for forming nursing diagnosis. Case: three. Methods of Collecting Health Information (1) Interview is a complex, targeted, formal and orderly conversation process between the evaluator and the evaluated. Successful conversation is the key to ensure the integrity and accuracy of health history. (I) Purpose of the interview ① Its purpose is to obtain the complete basic information of the health history of the assessed before the physical examination; (2) Evaluators can get a lot of important evidence from the conversation, which is helpful to establish nursing diagnosis; ③ It can also provide clues for further physical assessment. (2) Main factors affecting the talks and matters needing attention in the talks 1. The relationship with the assessed should be equal, relaxed and friendly. 2. Conversation skills before the conversation: During the whole conversation: During the conversation: Generally speaking, the conversation begins with the chief complaint and is conducted purposefully and orderly. Questions should be used interchangeably with open questions and closed questions. In order to confirm or confirm what the appraisee said, you can ask questions directly. In order to ensure the accuracy of the information obtained, it is necessary to verify the vague, suspicious or contradictory contents during the talks. The commonly used verification methods are: ① clarification: ② retelling; 3 rhetorical questions; (4) the method of asking questions. 3. environment 4. Culture 5. Age difference. Health status The health history obtained through interviews is subjective information about the health status of the assessed. Second, the physical assessment method (Chapter 4 of this book) After the health history is collected, the examiner will conduct a physical assessment. Physical fitness assessment is a set of basic examination methods. The examiner uses his own senses, with the help of simple auxiliary tools such as stethoscope, sphygmomanometer and thermometer, to make a detailed observation and systematic examination of the assessed's body, so as to understand his physical condition. Objective information about the health status of the assessed is obtained through physical assessment. (1) Notes for physical evaluation: (1) Examiners need instruments. (2) Examiners should be meticulous, gentle, comprehensive, systematic, meticulous and formal when operating. (3) check the environment. (4) The inspection should be carried out in a certain order, from head to toe and from left to right; (5) Check at any time according to the change of illness; (6) Use both hands and brain, while examining and thinking about its anatomical position and pathophysiological significance. (2) Inspection of physical assessment [Inspection] The inspection method for the inspector to visually observe the state of the examinee is simple and has always been the first step of the inspection. Visual observation can observe the whole body and many whole body and local manifestations. The light used in the inspection should be soft and colorless. When observing superficial parts, you can directly use natural light or indoor lighting.
What are the main methods to collect community assessment data?
Mainly depends on what the evaluation content is.
Question 2 1. What is the main content of community service and how to evaluate it?
Community services need to distinguish between services provided by neighborhood committees and those provided by commercial market operations.
If it is the latter, please search Baidu and refer to the three-minute community website.
What should be collected in community health care assessment?
(1) Subjective data: Subjective data is the subjective feelings of the nursing object, which can be told by oneself or by family members. For example, "I feel very painful".
(2) Objective information: Objective information is the information obtained by nurses through examination or investigation. Such as height, weight and various test results.
What aspects does the evaluation work in community governance include?
There's no time to answer.
What are the community theories, their respective representatives, theoretical content and evaluation?
The background of the ideological trend of new public management.
1, authority crisis
2. Financial crisis
Step 3 manage the crisis
Theoretical basis of new public management
1, economic theory
Public choice theory, transaction cost theory, principal-agent theory.
2. Management theory
integrated management
Basic strategies of new public management
1. Economic theory advocates strategy: marketization strategy-competition and incentive.
(1) Introduce the market: open the market access in the field of public services, introduce other organizations into the field of public services, and make the organizations face competition from market organizations. For example, private prisons in the United States.
(2) market creation: where the market mechanism is not mature, create conditions to cultivate competitors of public organizations, such as fragmentation of the public sector.
(3) Simulated market: In some areas where market organizations can't play a role, we should make changes within public organizations and establish a competition mechanism similar to the market. Conduct cost and profit accounting.
Main contents of family assessment
Family Assessment-Basic Family Information
The assessment of basic family information includes:
1. Last name, home address and phone number
2. Family environment
Including the geographical location of the family, the surrounding environment, home conditions, neighborhood relations, community services and so on.