Basic knowledge of poverty alleviation 1. Economic poverty alleviation is more important than knowledge poverty alleviation.
Hello, judges, classmates and other debaters After the heated debate just now, I believe you have found that no matter how the other debater exaggerates the benefits of knowledge-based poverty alleviation, it can't cover up the inherent defects of knowledge-based poverty alleviation, and no matter how eloquent the other debater is, it can't make up for the mistakes and loopholes in his own point of view. Let me point out some flaws in another debater's words. First of all, the other debater thinks that knowledge-based poverty alleviation has a far-reaching impact on poor areas. The long-term benefits are great, but the other debater ignores that it takes a long time to train a talent. We can't wait until ten or twenty years later, when talents are trained, before we can get rid of poverty and become rich. Economic poverty alleviation can effectively allocate resources such as talents, technology and capital, use existing resources to develop the economy according to local conditions, and at the same time cultivate talents and develop science and technology to form a virtuous circle and realize real poverty alleviation. Secondly, the opposing debater confused the concept. Equating economic poverty alleviation with financial poverty alleviation, I don't know that economic poverty alleviation includes not only the direct injection of funds, but also the investment of talents, technology, materials and other resources, and the purpose of poverty alleviation is achieved through the effective allocation of these resources. Third, another debater said that it is better to teach people to fish than to teach them to fish, but please open your eyes and see how many people in the world still live below the poverty line and pray that God will have enough to eat the next day. Dress warmly, know etiquette, know honor and disgrace in food and clothing, and even people's right to exist cannot be guaranteed. How can we talk about poverty alleviation? Can we tell starving African refugees that as long as we learn this knowledge, there will be milk for bread, and everything will happen sooner or later? How many times have we seen children in poverty-stricken areas on TV praying with innocent eyes that they can eat enough and live? How many times have we seen poor old farmers wearing thin clothes praying not to get sick or freeze to death when winter comes? It is economic poverty alleviation that gives them hope. Crazy sand can't hide the golden light, and knowledge poverty alleviation can't shake the central position of economic poverty alleviation. First, the economic base determines the superstructure. We never deny the important role of knowledge-based poverty alleviation in the whole poverty alleviation work, but only by giving priority to solving the problem of food and clothing in poverty-stricken areas through economic poverty alleviation, initially developing the economy of poverty-stricken areas, laying a good economic foundation for knowledge-based poverty alleviation and providing necessary support can we better implement and develop knowledge-based poverty alleviation. Second, the poor have a low level of education, a limited foundation for learning knowledge and a limited degree of accepting knowledge. Direct knowledge-based poverty alleviation is not only slow, but also difficult and uncertain. Through the injection of funds, technology, talents and other resources, economic poverty alleviation helps recipient areas adjust their economic structure and establish a good economic system, which improves and develops basic production and living conditions and lays an excellent foundation for local development. Economic poverty alleviation provides hardware support and software maintenance for the development of science, education, culture and health. It provides the necessary conditions for knowledge-based poverty alleviation. The development of science, education, culture and health is centered on economic construction, so economic poverty alleviation is the focus of poverty alleviation. Finally, I hope the other party will understand that the basic policy of the country's poverty alleviation is to focus on economic construction and take solving the problem of food and clothing as the core task of poverty alleviation. At the same time, we should pay attention to the all-round development of science, education, culture and health. To sum up, we firmly believe that economic poverty alleviation is more important than knowledge poverty alleviation.
2. Accurate understanding of poverty alleviation
Accurate poverty alleviation needs to know the knowledge of reaching the standard, two worries, three guarantees and reaching the standard: the income of poor households must exceed the poverty alleviation standard line of the year and have stable production and operation or wage income.
(The poverty alleviation standard line in 20 16 years is 3 146 yuan, and it is 3,340 yuan in 20 17 years). Rest assured: don't worry about eating and wearing. Three guarantees: guarantee compulsory education, basic medical care and housing; Second, there are two households, two households, two households without households, and two households without households: there are resources and labor, but there is no access.
There are two reasons: poverty caused by study and poverty caused by illness. Houseless households: unable to get rid of poverty and unemployed to help.
Two missing households: insufficient infrastructure and insufficient technical funds. Third, the three links of poverty alleviation work are accurate identification, accurate assistance, accurate withdrawal, four questions of poverty alleviation, four observations and four questions: who to support, who to help, how to help, and how to retreat.
Four views: look at the house, look at the food, look at the strength of the labor force, and look at whether there are scholars at home. 5. Five batches of five batches: poverty alleviation by developing production, poverty alleviation by ex situ relocation, poverty alleviation by developing education, social security and ecological compensation.
Six well-off actions, six villages to households, six precise six well-off actions: well-off road, well-off water, well-off house, well-off electricity, well-off news and well-off village construction. Six villages to households: refers to the implementation of accurate poverty alleviation, so as to achieve pairing assistance, industrial support, education and training, rural dilapidated housing renovation, poverty alleviation ecological migration, and infrastructure "six villages to households".
Six precisions: accurate support object, accurate project arrangement, accurate use of funds, accurate measures to households, accurate dispatch of personnel to villages (first secretary) and accurate poverty alleviation effect. Seven, accurate identification and exit procedures for poor households Accurate identification procedures for poor households: First, farmers apply; Second, village-level preliminary examination and household survey; Three, the villagers' congress review publicity (error correction); Four, the township (town) inspection publicity (error correction); Fifth, county-level audit and announcement (error correction) before approval; 6. Sign for confirmation; The seventh is to enter the poverty-stricken population file card management system.
Accurate exit procedures for poor households: first, nomination by villagers' groups; The second is the verification of the "two committees" of the village branch and the resident team; Third, it is planned to withdraw from the identification of poor households; The fourth is to announce the withdrawal after publicity in the village without objection; Fifth, report to the township people for approval; 6. Sign to confirm and cancel the number. 8. Exit criteria for poor households: families meet the "one standard, two worries and three guarantees" (that is, the per capita disposable income of families stably exceeds the national poverty alleviation standard of that year, and compulsory education, basic medical care and housing security are guaranteed), and the comprehensive score of "precise poverty alleviation" is above 60 points (including 60 points), which is identified as poverty alleviation after exiting the program.
Nine, the top ten poverty alleviation actions 1, the implementation of infrastructure construction poverty alleviation action 2, the implementation of industrial and employment poverty alleviation action 3, the implementation of poverty alleviation action 4, the implementation of education poverty alleviation action 5, the implementation of medical health poverty alleviation action 6, the implementation of financial poverty alleviation action 7, the implementation of social security poverty alleviation action 8, the implementation of all-round poverty alleviation action 9, the implementation of poverty-stricken areas.
3. Accurate understanding of poverty alleviation
Accurate poverty alleviation requires unity of knowledge and action.
One, one standard, two worries and three guarantees
Reaching the standard: the income of poor households must exceed the poverty standard line of the year, and there must be stable production and operation or wage income. (The poverty alleviation standard line in 20 16 years is 3 146 yuan, and it is 3,340 yuan in 20 17 years).
Rest assured: don't worry about eating and wearing.
Three guarantees: guarantee compulsory education, basic medical care and housing;
Two, two, two, two, two, two, two.
Two households: resources, labor but no access.
There are two reasons: poverty caused by study and poverty caused by illness.
Houseless households: unable to get rid of poverty and unemployed to help.
Two missing households: insufficient infrastructure and insufficient technical funds.
Third, the three links of poverty alleviation work
That is, accurate identification, accurate assistance and accurate exit.
Four problems and views on poverty alleviation
Four questions: who to support, who to help, how to help, and how to retreat.
Four views: look at the house, look at the food, look at the strength of the labor force, and look at whether there are scholars at home.
Five, five batches.
Five batches: poverty alleviation by developing production, poverty alleviation by ex situ relocation, poverty alleviation by developing education, poverty alleviation by social security and poverty alleviation by ecological compensation.
Six well-off actions, six villages to households and six precisions.
Six well-off actions: well-off road, well-off water, well-off house, well-off electricity, well-off news and well-off village construction.
Six villages to households: refers to the implementation of accurate poverty alleviation, so as to achieve pairing assistance, industrial support, education and training, rural dilapidated housing renovation, poverty alleviation ecological migration, and infrastructure "six villages to households".
Six precisions: accurate support object, accurate project arrangement, accurate use of funds, accurate measures to households, accurate dispatch of personnel to villages (first secretary) and accurate poverty alleviation effect.
Seven, accurate identification and exit procedures of poor households
Accurate identification procedures for poor households: first, farmers apply; Second, village-level preliminary examination and household survey; Three, the villagers' congress review publicity (error correction); Four, the township (town) inspection publicity (error correction); Fifth, county-level audit and announcement (error correction) before approval; 6. Sign for confirmation; The seventh is to enter the poverty-stricken population file card management system.
Accurate exit procedures for poor households: first, nomination by villagers' groups; The second is the verification of the "two committees" of the village branch and the resident team; Third, it is planned to withdraw from the identification of poor households; The fourth is to announce the withdrawal after publicity in the village without objection; Fifth, report to the township people for approval; 6. Sign to confirm and cancel the number.
8. Exit criteria for poor households: families meet the "one standard, two worries and three guarantees" (that is, the per capita disposable income of families stably exceeds the national poverty alleviation standard of that year, and compulsory education, basic medical care and housing security are guaranteed), and the comprehensive score of "precise poverty alleviation" is above 60 points (including 60 points), which is identified as poverty alleviation after exiting the program.
Nine, ten actions to get rid of poverty
1. Poverty alleviation through infrastructure construction. Implement industrial poverty alleviation and employment poverty alleviation. Implementing ecological migration to help the poor. Implement education to help the poor. Implement medical poverty alleviation. Implement financial poverty alleviation. Implement social security to help the poor Implement poverty alleviation through social forces. Implement poverty-stricken areas.
4. What are the ways to help the poor?
Generally speaking, the ways to help the poor in rural areas in China are as follows: (1) The most effective way is to directly support poor farmers.
(2) Use poverty alleviation funds to organize enterprises to engage in development projects. (3) Farmers in poverty-stricken areas voluntarily form economic cooperation organizations.
(4) Select and cultivate pillar industries, organize contiguous development and establish regional development bases. (5) improve the quality of the population in poverty-stricken areas and enhance their ability to get rid of poverty and become rich.
Specifically, it can be divided into the following specific ways: first, the way of work for relief. Work-for-relief refers to * * * investing in infrastructure projects, organizing people in poverty-stricken areas to participate in project construction and get remuneration for labor services, instead of direct relief to poor people.
Work-for-relief investment is used to focus on the construction of rural roads, irrigation and water conservancy, drinking water for people and livestock, basic farmland, grassland construction, small watershed management and other rural small-scale infrastructure projects that are related to the economic development of poor areas and the poverty alleviation of poor people. Second, the way to promote the whole village.
The promotion of the whole village refers to taking poor villages as specific assistance targets for development-oriented poverty alleviation. Leaders contact villages, provide counterpart assistance to villages, plan to decompose into villages, arrange funds to villages, support measures to households, cover projects to households, and benefit poverty alleviation to households. The main contents of promoting the whole village include infrastructure construction to improve production and living conditions, social undertakings to improve population quality, industrial construction to increase farmers' income, civilized new wind construction to change the appearance of villages, standardized and orderly democratic political construction and village-level organization construction with the construction of village party branches as the core.
Third, the mode of labor export. Labor export refers to the active and steady transfer of surplus labor in poverty-stricken areas and the realization of employment of labor in different places in poverty-stricken areas.
In poverty-stricken areas, especially areas where arable land and non-arable land resources are scarce and the population exceeds the carrying capacity of resources, such as rocky mountain areas in the south and deep mountain areas with steep mountains and slopes in the reservoir area, we will actively and steadily expand the export of labor services, so that the labor force in poverty-stricken areas can achieve employment in different places and increase their income, and promote the poor to get rid of poverty and become rich. Fourth, the way of migration.
Resettlement refers to the voluntary migration of a very small number of extremely poor (poor) people living in areas with poor living conditions and poor natural resources, and opening up new ways to solve food and clothing through development in different places. The main forms of migration are: household migration, that is, poor households rely on relatives and friends, scattered resettlement, and * * * give certain subsidies; The establishment of immigrant development base should not only ensure the stable solution of the problem of food and clothing for immigrant households, but also ensure that the ecological environment of immigrant areas will not be destroyed; Diaozhuang immigrants, that is, in the early stage of relocation, take the form of having homes at both ends, and then move all of them after the development of resettlement sites is completed and production and life are basically stable.
Fifth, poverty alleviation through science and technology. Poverty alleviation through science and technology refers to the use of mature science and technology to enhance the development ability of people in poor areas and improve the level of resource development and labor productivity in poor areas.
The main way to help the poor through science and technology is to establish a demonstration zone for poverty alleviation through science and technology in poor villages, conduct centralized scientific and technological training for the poor, and comprehensively popularize and apply efficient technologies; Select characteristic industries with development prospects in poverty-stricken areas, give support in technology, talents, information, market and other aspects, promote their development and promote local economic development; Establish an information service network for poverty alleviation through science and technology to provide information services in technology, products, labor and capital for poor areas; Organize scientific and technological personnel to go deep into poor villages and impart scientific and technological knowledge to farmers through on-site guidance and technical training; In view of the weak ecological foundation, serious soil erosion and desertification in poor areas, engineering, biological and ecological technical measures and regional comprehensive management technical measures are adopted to improve the ecological environment in poor areas. The above discussion is for reference only and I hope it will help you.
5. Definition of knowledge-based poverty alleviation
The so-called "knowledge-based poverty alleviation" refers to strengthening the education of basic knowledge and professional knowledge, as well as technical training and employment guidance for the poor, and gradually improving their production and living ability, with the aim of enhancing their "hematopoietic" function and making them rely on their own strength to get rid of poverty.
There is an old saying in China that it is better to teach people to fish than to teach them to fish. Everyone teaches people how to learn knowledge, so it is better to teach people what they already have. The reason is actually very simple. Fish is the purpose, and fishing is the means. A fish can solve temporary hunger, but it can't solve long-term hunger. If you want to have fish to eat forever, you must learn how to fish.
Economic poverty alleviation means giving people fish, while knowledge poverty alleviation means giving people fish. Knowledge poverty alleviation is to teach him how to fish, and economic poverty alleviation is only to give him how many fish. Economic poverty alleviation is a temporary solution, while knowledge poverty alleviation is a permanent solution. Send a mermaid and have a full meal; Give people fish, and you will benefit for life.
So knowledge-based poverty alleviation is more important than economic poverty alleviation! The reason for this is the following：
As the saying goes, "Helping the poor first helps the wise, and treating the poor first cures the foolish". In the new era, the most fundamental work to help the disadvantaged groups get rid of poverty and become rich lies in knowledge poverty alleviation. Through knowledge to help the poor, improve their cultural knowledge level, improve their cultural quality, enable them to master certain labor skills, improve their re-employment ability, and fundamentally get rid of poverty and become rich.
The work related to poverty alleviation includes "three supports and one support". Three supports and one support is the abbreviation of teaching, supporting doctors, supporting agriculture and helping the poor.
In 2006, eight departments, including the Central Organization Department, the former Ministry of Personnel and the Ministry of Education, issued the Notice on Organizing College Graduates to Support Education, Agriculture, Medicine and Poverty Alleviation in Rural Grassroots. Since 2006, 20,000 college graduates have been recruited every year by means of open recruitment, voluntary registration, organizational selection and unified dispatch, and they are mainly arranged to work in posts such as teaching, supporting agriculture, supporting doctors and helping the poor in villages and towns. The service period is generally 2-3 years.
The significance of poverty alleviation work 0:
China and the society help poor areas and poor households to develop their economy, production and get rid of poverty. Its basic contents and characteristics are as follows:
(1) There are short-term and long-term plans and clear objectives, and there are specific plans, steps and measures to achieve the planning requirements. (2) organic combination of palliative and permanent cure, focusing on permanent cure. Not only help poor households solve their living difficulties by developing production, but more importantly, help poor areas develop their economies, fundamentally get rid of poverty and take the road of hard work and get rich. (3) All relevant departments and social forces should fully mobilize and cooperate with each other to provide effective help for the development of poor households and poverty-stricken areas.
6. Why do you say "precise poverty alleviation"
Accurate poverty alleviation is a new requirement of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council for poverty alleviation and development, an important way to solve the problems of unclear base, inaccurate goals and poor results, and an important guarantee for building a well-off society in an all-round way.
Accurate identification refers to effectively identifying poor households, poor villages and poor townships through application evaluation, publicity, spot check and information entry, and establishing files. Accurate assistance refers to the in-depth analysis of the causes of poverty in identified poor households, poor villages and poor townships, the implementation of the responsible person, the development of assistance plans by village, and centralized assistance.
Precise management refers to all-round and whole-process monitoring of poor objects, establishing a poverty information network system, reflecting the relief situation in real time, realizing dynamic management of poor objects and providing decision support for poverty alleviation and development. Accurate assessment refers to the identification, assistance and management effectiveness of poor households, poor villages and poor townships, as well as the quantitative assessment of poverty alleviation work in poor counties, rewarding the excellent and punishing the poor, and ensuring the implementation of various poverty alleviation policies.
7. What is the National Precision Poverty Alleviation Project?
Precision poverty alleviation projects mainly refer to the following aspects that the financial department needs to do to support precision poverty alleviation: First, support infrastructure construction in poverty-stricken areas.
"To get rich, build roads first", gradually improve the construction of transportation networks between counties, counties and villages, and basically realize "county-to-county communication" and "village-to-village communication". The financial department should raise funds for highway construction and list the matching funds for highway construction in poor villages as planned.
The second is to support poor areas to develop high-quality characteristic industries. In order to build a stable support system for economic development in poverty-stricken areas, the financial department should focus on supporting industries to help the poor, and identify industries to give key support in combination with the actual situation of natural environment and industrial base in poverty-stricken counties and towns.
The third is to support the implementation of the poverty alleviation ecological migration project. According to the implementation plan of eco-migration project for poverty alleviation in provinces and cities, the financial department should arrange matching funds to be borne by cities and counties in the budget at the beginning of the year, support the construction of supporting infrastructure such as water supply, power supply and sewage treatment for migrants through housing subsidies and infrastructure subsidies, do a good job in the relocation of eco-migrants, and strive to fundamentally solve the problem of poverty alleviation of poor people in areas with poor living environment.
The fourth is to support the implementation of the construction of precision poverty alleviation demonstration villages. According to the key work plan of precision poverty alleviation in provinces and cities this year, the financial department should take the initiative to select several poor villages to implement the construction of precision poverty alleviation demonstration villages.
We will support various forms of poverty alleviation and development demonstration models, such as precise assistance, infrastructure construction, income-increasing industry cultivation, and improvement of living environment, by substituting awards for subsidies. Taking the construction of precision poverty alleviation demonstration villages as a breakthrough, the whole township (town) and the whole village will be promoted.
8. What are the poor households in the country?
The basic contents and characteristics of poverty alleviation include the following points: First, there are short-term and long-term plans and clear goals, and there are specific plans, steps and measures to achieve the planning requirements.
Combine palliative care with permanent cure, and focus on permanent cure. Second, not only help poor households solve their living difficulties by developing production, but more importantly, help poor areas develop their economies, fundamentally get rid of poverty and take the road of hard work and get rich.
Third, mobilize all relevant departments and social forces to cooperate with each other to provide effective help for the development of poor households and poverty-stricken areas. Go through stage one, various forms of production self-help stage.
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), * * * implemented the policy of self-help in production, and adopted measures such as issuing relief funds to support production and "working for relief", and achieved remarkable results. It has played a certain role in changing the rural landscape and ensuring the lives of poor households.
The second stage is the case-based poverty alleviation stage. After 1978, in order to adapt to the situation of rural economic system reform, we organized and planned to support poor households by developing production and commodity economy, relying on the strength of the state and the collective and the mutual assistance of the masses, and adopted measures such as division of responsibilities among cadres, rich households helping poor households, and household-by-household implementation to help poor households develop their potential and achieve the goal of poverty alleviation.
The third stage is a community-based poverty alleviation stage, with the focus on economic development. Since 1983, while continuing to support poor households to develop production, the state has put more energy into the economic development of poverty-stricken areas.
With the leadership and help of * * *, all relevant departments, organs and organizations actively cooperate and support to help poor areas give full play to their local advantages, tap the potential of resources, open up production channels, implement diversified management and enhance self-development.