To become a qualified psychologist, you must first have the qualification certificate of a full-time psychologist, which is similar to a medical certificate. It is reported that relevant departments are formulating professional qualification standards for psychological counselors, so that practitioners can master comprehensive knowledge and have corresponding abilities and qualifications.
Secondly, psychologists should have certain professional knowledge and considerable education and experience. It is human nature that everyone wants to consult a doctor with more experience and good skills. But as far as psychological counseling is concerned, although experience and qualifications are very important, young people and old people have their own characteristics. Older counselors are experienced and can quickly find the crux of the problem, while younger counselors will find the problem faster than experienced counselors, but they will also find it, and there is no limit to the model, so they are more flexible to deal with.
The work of professional psychological counselors mainly includes the following contents: obtaining information about psychological problems and psychological obstacles of visitors from information sources such as visitors and their families; Comprehensive evaluation of visitors' psychological growth, personality development, intelligence, social, family and marriage life events, and summary of psychological and physiological tests; According to the history of psychological development and the results of psychological and physiological investigation, make psychological diagnosis for visitors, formulate psychological treatment plans and guide their implementation; In psychological counseling, when visitors are found to have mental disorders or physical diseases, they should ask for counseling or transfer to other specialties in time.
Specifically, there are
1, psychological crisis intervention: psychological counseling when a person encounters heavy psychological trauma and blows, such as the loss of ideals, goals and careers, the unexpected death of relatives, the deterioration of interpersonal relationships, etc., which leads to a sharp mental breakdown.
2. Consultation on life problems: including mental health problems such as love, marriage, family and sexual problems, choice of further education and employment, maladjustment, learning difficulties, children's bad behavior, interpersonal problems, alcohol and drug dependence.
3. Psychosomatic disease consultation: the occurrence, development and prognosis of various physical diseases, such as hypertension, coronary heart disease and tumor. It is also related to psychological and social factors. Psychological counseling can be carried out in time to relieve psychological pressure and prevent the aggravation of physical diseases.
4. Counseling for mental disorders: If you suffer from mental disorders such as neurosis and personality change, you can seek medical advice on drug treatment, social function rehabilitation, marriage and childbirth.
5. Counseling for other mental health problems: such as mental health problems of families and groups, psychological counseling can also be conducted.
Psychologists should not only have a certain level of professional knowledge, but also have a certain professional quality.
There are many reasons leading to psychological problems or mental illness, among which conflicts and frictions between people, love and marriage, family conflicts, parent-child relationship, entrance examination, employment choice and other issues are particularly prominent. At the same time, it involves the privacy of many people, and some of them will be very story-telling. Keeping secrets for visitors has become the basic morality and primary quality of psychologists.
In foreign countries, every consulting room will hang a sign with the name, educational background and problems he is good at. If there are those who are good at solving children's psychological problems, there are those who are good at solving husband-wife relationship problems and so on. Help-seekers can choose suitable consultants according to their own problems. Although China has not reached this point, it is also the future trend.
According to the statistics of 199 1, there are 550 psychologists in every million people in the United States, of whom more than 87% have doctorates in psychology or philosophy. According to the statistics of China 1997, there are only 2.4 psychologists per million people, of whom less than 2% have master's and doctoral degrees. No matter in quantity or quality, the situation of psychological counselors in China is not satisfactory. Therefore, some experts say that China's psychological counseling industry has great development potential, and the psychological counseling industry is far from forming a scale. Psychological counseling industry will develop greatly in the future 10. At present, China's psychological counseling has made great progress in quantity and quality.
Paying attention to mental health marks the degree of social civilization. The progressive society looks forward to the emergence of psychological masseurs, which can relieve people's psychological pressure, put psychological counseling on the right track and make people have a higher quality of life.
In psychotherapy, there will be many physical reactions, such as nervous vomiting, abdominal distension, bad stomach, insomnia, headache, dizziness, constipation and so on. Are psychological effects on the body under the influence of long-term anxiety.
This is closely related to the traditional culture of China. China people's mood is influenced by others' evaluation and environment. For example, when someone says you can't get carried away, it means don't be too happy, which will cause pressure to others. Therefore, the happiness and pride of China people are hard to express, just trying to hide it. Many people in China are deeply disturbed by this.
This culture limits the ability of China people to feel happy. Over time, if there is no real and happy experience in the heart, depression will become more and more serious and become an emotional experience buried deep in the heart, causing more harm.
In such an environment, many people are often unaware of their psychological problems, which are often manifested through physical symptoms. Some surveys have found that about 20% of patients who go to other clinics are actually psychological problems. The somatization of psychological problems is a clinical phenomenon with the brand of China culture. String 8
In the west, especially in the United States, once people encounter psychological problems such as depression, emotional frustration and environmental discomfort, they will first think of looking for a psychological counselor. Americans regard counseling as natural and simple as eating McDonald's.
The United States is the birthplace of modern psychological counseling and the most developed country in psychological counseling industry. There, almost every middle class has its own psychological counselor. Some people say that successful Americans are supported by two people, one is a lawyer and the other is a psychological counselor. According to statistics, every 500 Americans have a psychological counselor, 30% of Americans have regular psychological counseling, and 80% of them go to psychological clinics irregularly. In recent years, China has paid more attention to people-oriented, and the number of people who have done psychological counseling has also increased greatly, and it has begun to be civilian.