First physical examination
Examination time: the baby is just born, and the baby 1 month.
Physical examination items: skin color and other parts of the body, heart rate, reaction after stimulation, muscle tension and breathing.
Tips: This is the first examination after the baby is born, usually immediately after birth. If you find that your baby is abnormal, you can treat it as soon as possible.
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Muscle tension: Muscle tension is the tension in a static state, which is manifested by the small and continuous involuntary contraction of muscle tissue. Clinically, the degree of muscle tension is judged by the resistance felt by passively moving limbs or pressing muscles. No matter what type of cerebral palsy, almost all symptoms are caused by muscle tension, and abnormal muscle tension is an important factor leading to various types of cerebral palsy.
Second physical examination
Examination time: 28 days after birth, baby 1 month.
Physical examination items: Measure the height and weight, head, eyes, ears, neck, chest, breathing frequency, dyspnea, abdomen and origin, hip, spina bifida, genital and anal malformations, whether the testicles of the baby boy descend to scrotum and multi-fingers (toes) of limbs, and whether the thighs are flat.
Tips: Full moon physical examination is particularly important. At this time, you should apply for a planned immunization card for your baby to ensure that you can vaccinate your baby in time.
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Breathing frequency: Breathing is a necessary process for gas exchange between the internal and external environment of human body. Through breathing, the human body inhales oxygen and exhales carbon dioxide, thus maintaining normal physiological functions.
Third physical examination
Examination time: 42 days after the baby is born, and the baby is 2 months old.
Physical examination items: weight, height, head circumference, chest circumference and developmental intelligence evaluation.
Tips: The 42-day physical examination is of great significance to the newborn baby, because it is the first time for him to go to the hospital for physical examination after discharge, and it is also the beginning of monitoring his growth and development.
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Evaluation of developmental intelligence: General doctors will test the baby's vertical head by sitting and holding vertically, evaluate the baby's hand grip for toys, test the baby's follow-up with mobile cards or toys, test the baby's hearing with bells, and ask parents about the baby's language development. If in doubt, the baby's intellectual development will be further evaluated through neurobehavioral tests. For infants with mental retardation, corresponding intervention measures can be taken in time for early rehabilitation.
The fourth physical examination
Examination time: the baby is 4 months old.
Physical examination items: weighing, measuring height, measuring head circumference, listening to the heart, checking eyesight, hearing, checking sports development and blood test.
Tips: When going to the hospital for physical examination, it is best to prepare milk powder and breast milk for your baby to avoid waiting for a long time or being hungry after the baby's examination. It's best to put diapers on the baby.
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1, bone strength measurement: a test to evaluate the calcium content in the baby's bones, which can intuitively and accurately know whether the baby is short of calcium.
2. Evaluation of developmental intelligence: Generally, four-month-old babies can turn over voluntarily, hold their heads up to 90 degrees on their stomach and hold out their chests, cooperate with doctors when pulling and sitting, stand upright, have the initiative to grasp, follow pictures or toys to 180 degrees, turn around to find the sound source when hearing the sound, laugh aloud, and occasionally pronounce B, P and M ". Doctors will test the baby's neurobehavioral ability through the above aspects. If there are any problems, they can further conduct gesell intelligence test to make a comprehensive evaluation of the baby's intellectual development. For babies with mental retardation, family intervention and early rehabilitation can be carried out in time.
3, blood routine examination: for the baby whose mother is anemic during pregnancy, you can do blood routine examination to find out whether the baby is anemic. If anemia, iron should be properly supplemented. But generally, if you don't act, you must check.
Fifth physical examination
Examination time: the baby is 6 months old.
Physical examination items: weighing, measuring height, measuring head circumference, measuring chest circumference, checking eyesight, hearing, sports development, oral examination, evaluating developmental intelligence, blood test and bone test.
Tips: Some babies have started teething, and there are often phenomena such as cross-flow of saliva and grinding teeth. Parents should do a good job in cleaning the baby's mouth to prevent eczema and dental caries around the baby's mouth.
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1. Dental examination: The eruption time of deciduous teeth varies from person to person. Premature eruption or delayed eruption will affect the baby's tooth development and complementary food addition. Generally, the baby begins to sprout two lower incisors when he is half a year old. The doctor will check the baby's teething situation and give corresponding guidance.
2. Evaluation of developmental intelligence: A half-year-old baby has been able to turn over flexibly, sit alone stably and persistently, rotate in all directions, take the initiative to step under his arm, flip his hands, want to grab a small object, respond to his name, occasionally imitate his pronunciation, and even say that his parents beat him. He can understand the connection between language, action and objects, and has obvious timid reaction. The doctor will test the baby according to the above aspects, observe the baby's reaction, and give parents correct guidance and suggestions.
3, blood routine examination: for the baby whose mother is anemic during pregnancy, you can do blood routine examination to find out whether the baby is anemic. If anemia, iron should be properly supplemented.
4. Trace element examination: Generally, trace elements mainly check the contents of calcium, iron, zinc, selenium, copper, magnesium and blood lead in blood. After the baby is born, the contents of various trace elements brought by the mother in the first half of the year are relatively sufficient, and there is no need to do trace element inspection; After half a year old, the trace elements provided by the mother have been exhausted, and the baby begins to add complementary food, which is likely to lead to the lack of trace elements. Therefore, it is necessary to check trace elements and supplement them appropriately according to the doctor's advice.
The sixth physical examination
Examination time: the baby is 9 months old.
Physical examination items: weighing, measuring height, measuring head circumference, checking eyesight, checking sports development, oral examination and trace elements.
Tips: Parents should help their babies to clean their mouths and give them less sweets to prevent their babies from getting dental caries.
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1. Dental examination: A 9-month-old baby usually has 2-4 teeth. The doctor will check the baby's teething, find out if the baby has dental caries, and guide parents to help the baby clean his mouth.
2. Evaluation of developmental intelligence: 9-month-old babies can crawl on their hands and knees, sit from supine position to standing and sitting, switch between various postures and postures, stand and step when taking things, have the awareness of taking and releasing, hold small objects with their thumbs and forefingers, and cover bottles and cups. , can clearly send out the voice of parents, can understand the connection between language and action, can execute simple instructions, can identify body parts.
3. Trace element examination: Generally, trace elements mainly check the contents of calcium, iron, zinc, selenium, copper, magnesium and blood lead in blood. After the baby is born, the contents of various trace elements brought by the mother in the first half of the year are relatively sufficient, and there is no need to do trace element inspection; After half a year old, the trace elements provided by the mother have been exhausted, and the baby begins to add complementary food, which is likely to lead to the lack of trace elements. Therefore, it is necessary to check trace elements and supplement them appropriately according to the doctor's advice.
The seventh physical examination
Examination time: baby 12 months.
Physical examination items: weighing, measuring height, measuring head circumference, checking eyesight, hearing, motor development, oral examination and blood lead evaluation.
Tips: If you are over 1 year-old, the baby has not teethed yet, that is, the teething is delayed. This may be caused by calcium deficiency, and parents should supplement calcium in time according to the doctor's instructions.
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1, dental examination: 1 year-old babies usually have 6-8 teeth. The doctor will check the baby's teething, find out if the baby has dental caries, and guide parents to help the baby clean his mouth.
2. Development of intelligence evaluation: 1 year-old babies have been able to climb obstacles, stand independently for a while, walk with things, and their ability to solve problems has also been enhanced. He has been able to build blocks, roll balls, play with toys, flip pictures, learn graffiti, understand more languages, learn to nod and shake his head to express his views, his imitation ability is getting stronger and stronger, and he can dance to music. "
3. Trace element examination: Generally, trace elements mainly check the contents of calcium, iron, zinc, selenium, copper, magnesium and blood lead in blood. After the baby is born, the contents of various trace elements brought by the mother in the first half of the year are relatively sufficient, and there is no need to do trace element inspection; After half a year old, the trace elements provided by the mother have been exhausted, and the baby begins to add complementary food, which is likely to lead to the lack of trace elements. Therefore, it is necessary to check trace elements and supplement them appropriately according to the doctor's advice.
The eighth physical examination
Examination time: baby 18 months.
Physical examination items: weigh, measure height, measure head circumference, check neck, ears, eyes, teeth, abdomen and chest, genitals, etc. , cardiopulmonary and heart rate examination, stool and hemoglobin.
Tips: 1-2 years old, the physical examination should be conducted once every six months, with a comprehensive physical examination.
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Dental examination: The doctor will check the baby's teething, find out if the baby has dental caries, and guide parents to help the baby clean his mouth.
The ninth physical examination
Examination time: the baby is 2 years old.
Physical examination items: check height, weight, head circumference, heart and lung, and trace elements.
Tips: 2 years old is a new milestone in the baby's growth process, and the baby's physical and mental development has increasingly shown the characteristics of children.
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Trace element examination: Generally, trace elements mainly check the contents of calcium, iron, zinc, selenium, copper, magnesium and blood lead in blood. After the baby is born, the contents of various trace elements brought by the mother in the first half of the year are relatively sufficient, and there is no need to do trace element inspection; After half a year old, the trace elements provided by the mother have been exhausted, and the baby begins to add complementary food, which is likely to lead to the lack of trace elements. Therefore, it is necessary to check trace elements and supplement them appropriately according to the doctor's advice.
Tenth physical examination
Examination time: the baby is 3 years old.
Physical examination items: weighing, measuring height, measuring head circumference, checking eyesight and oral examination.
Tip: 20 baby deciduous teeth have come out. Pay attention to dental caries and gingivitis.
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Dental examination: The doctor will check the baby's teething, find out if the baby has dental caries, and guide parents to help the baby clean his mouth.
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Matters needing attention in infant physical examination
Children of different ages have different physical examination points. Physical examination in infancy is mainly about growth and development. 2, 3-year-old children mainly check whether the nutrition is balanced, so as not to affect the growth and development. If they are anemic and lack some trace elements, they should also pay attention to the examination of their mental health, including autism, selective mutism and aggressive behavior that are common in society.
Reprinted: from the encyclopedia of knowledge