Using Xu Youxin's classification of neurosis for reference, this paper classifies mental unhealthy.
First, the use:
1. Classify counseling psychology from adjacent disciplines.
2. Make a reasonable clinical diagnosis.
3. Limit the scope of mental health consultation
4. Formulation of consulting scheme
5. Evaluation of curative effect
6. In-depth study of mental health problems
7. Vocational training
8. Investigation on mental health status
9. The need for self-mental health care
Second, effectiveness? That is, the measure to judge whether the mental unhealthy state really exists.
1. Symptomatic validity? Refers to a certain kind of mental unhealthy state, whether there are independent and stable "mental unhealthy characteristics" and "combination of mental unhealthy characteristics"
Clinical experience has confirmed the authenticity of psychological unhealthy characteristics.
Emotional psychology shows the psychological unhealthy characteristics of the combination of truth and reality.
2. Predictive validity? Expectations of mental unhealthy consequences can be divided into two categories.
Expectation of natural development: self-relief? Generalization-the shadow of a cup bow snake becomes a person susceptible to neurosis.
Expectation under external intervention: unprofessional social support? Professional psychological consultation
3. Structural validity? Theoretically speaking, there are four factors that will lead to or affect the mental unhealthy state:
Demographic factors? Personality and psychological characteristics? Physical health level? social change
Unit 2? Mental health classification
First, the first kind of mental health-general psychological problems
Four conditions: 1. Stimulated by realistic factors, conflicts continue.
2. The bad mood lasts for a month without interruption, or for two months intermittently, but it still cannot be resolved by itself.
3. Bad emotions are under rational control to a considerable extent, basically maintaining social functions and reducing efficiency.
4. From the beginning to the end, the arousal of bad emotions is limited to the initial events (emotional response is not generalized).
Second, the second kind of mental unhealthy-serious psychological problems, four conditions:
1. The reason is a strong realistic stimulus, which poses a great threat to individuals.
2. From the onset of painful emotions, the intermittent or uninterrupted duration lasts for more than two months.
3. It will temporarily lose rational control, and it is difficult to get rid of it simply by relying on natural development and unprofessional intervention.
4. The painful emotion is not only caused by the initial stimulus, but also related to the initial stimulus (the response object is generalized).
The distinction between serious psychological problems and neurosis: the nature and process of inner conflict.
Third, the third kind of mental health? Neuropathic psychological problems (suspected neurosis)
The third mental unhealthy state is close to neurasthenia or neurosis, or the early stage of neurasthenia or neurosis itself.
Section 7? About health psychology
Work areas of health psychology:
1. Psychological problems in the process of prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of physical diseases
2. Psychological problems of preventing stress and treating reactive psychological disorders.
3. Psychological problems of cultivating and establishing a healthy lifestyle
First, the general psychological characteristics of patients with physical diseases
1. My attitude towards the objective world and my own values have changed.
2. Patients turn their attention from the outside world to their own experiences and feelings.
depress
The concept of time has changed.
5. Psychological deviation from daily state
Second, the significance of psychology in the treatment of physical diseases
Good sentences:
1. A really good doctor should establish a psychotherapy relationship with patients at the first contact.
2. The recovery process of physical illness is very complicated, not only to restore some physical functions of patients, but also to help patients gradually adapt to the pain and inconvenience caused by the disease.
The incurable disease should not be confined to biology, but must go deep into psychology and sociology.
Section 8? Stress and health
Unit 1? On stress from a psychological point of view
From a psychological point of view, stress is an experience caused by external events.
I. Definition of Stress Stress is a cognitive and behavioral experience process consisting of stressors and stress reactions.
Second, the types of stressors.
1. Biological stressor
2. Psychological stressors
3. Social and environmental pressures
The stressors are divided into three parts, but in theory, the fact is that most stressors cover more than two factors.
Third, the evaluation of stressors.
There are three scales:
1. Social Adaptation Scale? Designed to measure major events, Holmes with high scores is prone to illness.
2. Measurement of small troubles in daily life?
3. Perceived stress assessment
Fourth, the introspective experience of stress.
Psychologists Lewin and Miller divide inner conflicts into four categories according to the forms of conflicts:
1. Two-way conflict? You can't have your cake and eat it.
2. Avoid conflict? Goals have both advantages and disadvantages.
3. Avoid-avoid conflict? One choice is two disadvantages, and it is between Scylla and Charybdis.
4. Double avoidance conflict? Both options have advantages and disadvantages.
Unit 2? Adapt to pressure
First of all, the type of pressure
1. Generally, single life is stressful? After experiencing this kind of pressure, the sequelae are not completely negative, "learn from a painful experience."
2. superimposed pressure? Extremely severe and difficult to cope with the pressure, at the same time superimposed pressure (embattled) and sustained pressure (it never rains but it pours).
3. Destructive stress? Also known as ultimate pressure
Incorporate "Battlefield Fatigue" into "Post-traumatic Stress Disorder"
Disaster syndrome? It goes through three stages: fright period, recovery period and recovery period.
Second, the adaptation of pressure.
Three stages: the alert stage? Fighting stage? Exhaustion stage
Unit 3? Clinical consequences of stress and intermediary system
First, how does stress cause clinical symptoms?
There are two explanations for the mechanism of disease: physical stress theory and organ sensitivity theory.
Second, the logical process from stressor to clinical stage, three stages:
1. Reaction stage to pressure,
2. Acquisition and digestion stage of intermediary system (intermediary system includes three subsystems: cognitive system, social support system and biological regulation system. These three systems have two opposite functions, gain and cancellation)
The role of cognitive system: cognitive evaluation (correctly evaluating stressors and their own strength), regulatory control (there are three kinds of situational control: behavioral self-control, cognitive control and environmental control), and personality (how to deal with the influence of personality characteristics when facing pressure). External control personality-that the dominant force in personal life is external force, personal helplessness and internal control personality-that the events in life are rooted in themselves, and success is the failure of personal efforts and their own mistakes)
The role of social support system: material support and spiritual support.
Biological regulation system: including endocrine system and immune system. Stress causes damage to the immune system.
3. Clinical stage: stress enters the clinical stage through the intermediary system, with both timely symptoms and delayed symptoms.