How to write a paper on microbiology and human health?

On the relationship between microorganisms and human beings Abstract: We should always be aware that there are other creatures around us and in our bodies. Although the struggle between human beings and microorganisms will continue endlessly, as long as we fully realize our environment, realize the benefits of ecological balance to human beings, don't sacrifice the environment for development, and adhere to the strategy of sustainable development, then human beings can survive better in this microbial world. Keywords: microorganism, human, disaster, blessing Before explaining microorganism and human, let's make clear what microorganism is. If we don't know what microbes are, how can we talk about the relationship between microbes and us humans? Microorganisms are mainly composed of a group of single-celled organisms invisible to the naked eye. Their variety and quantity are beyond our imagination. At present, microorganisms are roughly divided into bacteria, fungi (including yeasts and microorganisms), algae and protozoa, and worms commonly known as parasites. A virus is a simple organism that can only be replicated in living biological cells. Strictly speaking, it is not an organism, but it is also classified as a microorganism. The world we live in is actually a world full of microorganisms. Since ancient times, human beings have lived with microorganisms on the earth. While adapting to microorganisms, human beings constantly encounter various diseases caused by microorganisms, so there is a war between human beings and microorganisms. 1929, British bacteriologist Fleming accidentally discovered penicillin while studying and cultivating staphylococci, which was the birth of the first antibiotic drug in human history. Penicillin can inhibit the formation of bacterial cell wall, make the metabolism of bacteria out of balance, and achieve the effect of bacteriostasis and sterilization. Later, many antibiotics appeared, such as cephalosporin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, kanamycin, gentamicin and erythromycin. For a time, people felt that in the struggle between human beings and microorganisms, human beings had taken the lead, because bacterial infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, bacterial pneumonia, septicemia, syphilis and gonorrhea were slowly conquered. However, it is precisely because of the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of these antibiotics that most people think that no matter what diseases they have, it is good to eat more antibiotics, which leads to the following problems: in most cases, the role of antibiotics is only to inhibit or weaken the activities of pathogenic bacteria, and people will eventually rely on the body itself to completely defeat pathogenic bacteria. Long-term use of an antibiotic can not only fail to play its due role, on the contrary, it will also cause pathogenic bacteria to produce "drug-resistant" mutant varieties, thus making the antibiotic lose its unique utility. Bacteria are so clever. A bacterium can leave about1.600 million offspring within 24 hours, and then harm drug-resistant humans in the population more effectively. As a result, the smoke-free war between human beings and bacteria began again, and a constantly changing race of leaders continued. Because bacteria have such drug resistance, scientists are studying various strategies. For example, drug-resistant bacteria produce genes that affect their viability, making it more difficult to tolerate temperature and acidity, and making drug-resistant bacteria always at a disadvantage in competition with similar bacteria, thus effectively inhibiting the spread of drug-resistant bacteria. Even so, in the struggle against microorganisms, human beings can not be said to be completely ahead, because so far, some diseases still seriously threaten human beings, such as AIDS, and some infectious diseases that were once controlled have begun to resurface. In order to prevent and eliminate these diseases, the world has spent thousands of dollars, but the culprits of these diseases have not been conquered, and even AIDS is multiplying every year. This cannot but arouse people's great attention. Plague, AIDS, cancer, tuberculosis, malaria, cholera, Ebola virus, mad cow disease, and some new diseases that have recently caused people panic, such as SARS and bird flu, are all caused by a few microorganisms. For the plague, a plague in 1347 almost destroyed the whole. 1/3 people (about 25 million people) died in this disaster. In the following 80 years, the disease raged again and again, actually destroying about 75% of the European population. Some historians believe that this disaster even changed European culture. Plague epidemics occurred many times in China before liberation, and the mortality rate was extremely high. Moreover, it is confirmed that these viruses are still mutating, which increases the difficulty of studying these diseases. The emergence of these diseases is related to human behavior. Due to the needs of development, people destroy the environment, leading to ecological imbalance, and the ecological environment is becoming more and more serious, which greatly increases the chances of the virus reaching people and accelerates the mutation ability of the virus. These are the consequences of human beings themselves. But these disasters are caused by only a few microorganisms, and only these few microorganisms are also enemies of mankind. But not all microorganisms are harmful to human beings. If so, human beings may have died long ago, because as mentioned above, human beings live in the world of microorganisms. Now let's talk about the beneficial side of microorganisms to human beings. Microorganisms are everywhere, and we live in the "ocean of microorganisms" all the time. There are hundreds of millions of bacteria /g soil, and the total weight of bacteria in soil is estimated to be10034×1012 tons; Every paper money contains bacteria: 9 million people have a large number of microorganisms on their bodies and bodies: skin surface: 654.38+ million bacteria per square centimeter; Oral cavity: There are more than 500 kinds of intestines: 654.38+0/3 of the total microorganisms are bacteria, and the total number of bacteria per gram of feces is 654.38+000 billion. Each sneeze droplet contains 4500- 150000 bacteria. Is it a curse to dance with microorganisms all the time? Is it a blessing? Microbes are not only enemies of human beings, but also friends of human beings! Microorganisms play an irreplaceable role in many important products, such as bread, cheese, beer, antibiotics, vaccines, vitamins, enzymes and other important products. Normal flora in the body is the basic guarantee of human and animal health; Helping digestion, providing necessary nutrition and forming a physiological barrier are essential members of human living environment. Only with them can the materials on the earth circulate. Because of this, many countries are now giving priority to the development of microbial economy, as the "locomotive" of the development of bio-industry, including Gan Kun. The development of microbial economy can give full play to its comparative advantages, with less investment, more output, quick effect and wide application, and can promote other biological industries, spawn a large number of high-tech industries, form huge technical and economic advantages, and occupy the commanding heights in the world biological field. Specifically, to promote bio-industry with microbial economy, we need to implement the policy of "doing something, not doing something", concentrate on breaking through difficulties, closely integrate domestic and foreign markets, promote the rise and growth of industries with strong demand, and form an interactive mechanism between independent innovation and accelerated transformation. 1, vigorously promote mature microbial technology, and form independent industries as soon as possible, such as antibiotics, various vaccines for people and animals, biopharmaceuticals, biopesticides and biofertilizers. We should vigorously support, focus on optimizing quality, improve core competitiveness, and quickly occupy and guide the market. 2. Organizing technology integration and using microbial technology has become an important link, which is combined with the general trend of developing circular economy. An important pillar of circular economy is microbial technology. If there is a major breakthrough in microbial technology in circular economy, it will bring out a number of new green industries. In the lower layer, the crop straw is made into biogas, and the residue is made into fertilizer; Sewage treatment can produce reclaimed water and other useful substances, which can better protect the environment. At its high-end level, new resources and products can be obtained to further develop the field of microbial pollution prevention and control. 3. Carry out technological innovation, use microorganisms to develop new biotechnology, make technological breakthroughs, acquire independent intellectual property rights, and break foreign monopoly on some key industries. In particular, the combination with traditional Chinese medicine will make a breakthrough in the prevention and treatment of difficult diseases such as cancer, AIDS and malignant infectious diseases, and form an industry. Bio-energy should also be the focus, focusing on tackling key problems. 4. In terms of soft and hard environment support, we can consider training more applied microbiology technical talents, enriching microbiology research institutions, extensively carrying out various forms of Industry-University-Research integration, and investing from the state, society and enterprises to encourage the development of R&D applied microbiology enterprises. In addition to making food and producing useful substances, microorganisms in the environment are actually an extremely important part of the food chain composed of all living things on earth. If it weren't for the decomposers played by microorganisms to faithfully decompose the dead organisms into the nutrients needed for the growth of the living organisms, the organisms on the earth would soon stop reproducing when faced with food shortage. In addition, the environmental pollution caused by garbage and various toxic substances made by human beings will not only be thousands of times more harmful to human beings if it is not decomposed by microorganisms. Because human beings live in the world of microorganisms, some microorganisms closely related to our lives are usually harmless to the human body, and can even help us digest food and produce substances needed by the human body, such as vitamins. More importantly, when pathogenic microorganisms invade, people often have to rely on these bacteria to drive them out together. Only when human immunity deteriorates due to congenital or acquired factors, some * * * bacteria will immediately turn against each other and show their ferocious features, further invading the tissues and organs in the host, causing fatal infections. Therefore, to keep healthy means to maintain a delicate balance between human body and bacteria to achieve a mutually beneficial relationship. We should always realize that there are other creatures around us and in our bodies. Although the struggle between human beings and microorganisms will continue indefinitely, as long as we fully realize our environment, realize the benefits of ecological balance to human beings, don't sacrifice the environment for development, and adhere to the strategy of sustainable development, then human beings can survive better in this microbial world.