What kinds of intrauterine devices are there?
* Inert IUD: made of stainless steel wire or plastic and silica gel, such as metal single ring, torsion ring and stainless steel uterine ring.
* Copper-containing intrauterine device: It is the most widely used type of active intrauterine device, which uses the killing effect of copper on sperm or fertilized eggs to enhance contraceptive effect.
* The intrauterine device releases progesterone: The progesterone contained in the intrauterine device is slowly and continuously released into the uterine cavity, which improves the contraceptive effect and can obviously reduce bleeding.
Intrauterine devices that release hemostatic drugs: It can effectively control the increase of menstrual flow after placing intrauterine devices.
How does IUD prevent pregnancy?
The foreign body effect of intrauterine device can cause asexual inflammation of endometrium, thus affecting the implantation of fertilized eggs. In addition to the above functions, washing IUDs and copper-containing IUDs also release copper ions for intrauterine birth control, which has a killing effect on sperm and embryos. The intrauterine device containing progesterone can release progesterone into the uterus for a long time, which makes the endometrium contract, which is not conducive to the implantation of fertilized eggs. These two functions further strengthen the contraceptive effect of the active intrauterine device.
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Vaginal contraceptive ring is a new type of vaginal contraceptive developed in recent years. It is a ring controlled by medical silicone rubber, and progesterone such as megestrol acetate, norethindrone or 18 norethindrone is put in the ring, and estrogen is also added in a few rings.
Vaginal contraceptive rings can be divided into three categories according to the types of drugs, the release amount and the retention time of the ring in the vagina:
(1) A vaginal contraceptive ring that releases a large amount of progesterone and is used intermittently.
(2) Vaginal contraceptive rings that can release a large amount of estrogen and progesterone are used intermittently.
(3) A vaginal contraceptive ring that releases a small amount of progesterone and is used continuously.
The first two kinds are put into the vagina for 2 1-28 days in each menstrual cycle, and the latter one can be placed continuously for 3- 12 months without being taken out during menstruation. At present, the vaginal contraceptive ring used in Shanghai belongs to the latter type, which is brownish red, with a peripheral diameter of 40mm and a body diameter of 4 mm. The ring contains 250mg of megestrol acetate, with an average daily release of 65438 0.30 μ g, and each ring can be used continuously for 65438 0 years.
After the vaginal contraceptive ring is put into the vagina, the contraceptive in the ring is released slowly and continuously, and then it is absorbed by the vaginal mucosa, which plays a contraceptive role. Its main function is to change the properties of cervical mucus, so that the degree of cervical mucus absorption decreases and the mucus thickens during ovulation, which is not conducive to the passage of sperm, thus producing contraceptive effect, and the contraceptive effective rate is about 97%.
Who is not suitable for using vaginal contraceptive rings?
Generally, women of childbearing age can use vaginal contraceptive rings; But it is not suitable for patients with severe anemia, vaginal wall relaxation, cystocele, proctoptosis, uterine prolapse and suspected or diagnosed genital tumors. Patients with trichomonal vaginitis, fungal vaginitis and severe chronic cervicitis should be cured before use.
How to use vaginal contraceptive ring
The use of vaginal contraceptive ring is very simple. On the fifth day of menstruation, medical staff can place it in the deepest part of vagina (posterior fornix of vagina). At present, the domestic vaginal contraceptive ring used in Shanghai can be used continuously once in the vagina 1 year, and generally does not need to be taken out during menstruation.
The front and rear walls of the vagina are usually closed, so the vaginal contraceptive ring is generally not easy to come out in the deep part of the vagina, but users should go to the hospital regularly and learn to check and correct the position of the ring by themselves under the guidance of medical staff.
Because of the small size of the ring, there is no obvious foreign body sensation during sexual intercourse in the depths of the vagina, which has no effect on sexual life. If there is any influence, you can take out the ring during sexual intercourse and put it in after sexual intercourse without affecting the contraceptive effect.
Advantages and disadvantages of vaginal contraceptive ring
The advantage of vaginal contraceptive ring is that it is easy to use and can be removed by itself; The daily dose of contraceptives released by IUD is less than that of oral contraceptives, so there are fewer chances of side effects; Contraceptives in intrauterine devices are absorbed through vaginal mucosa after being released, and most of the absorbed contraceptives directly enter the systemic circulation without passing through the liver, which reduces the influence on the liver, and is especially suitable for women with poor health, heart, liver and kidney diseases and intolerance to other contraceptive measures; Vaginal contraceptive ring does not inhibit milk secretion, and the amount of milk discharged can be ignored, which does not affect the health of the baby. So lactating women can also use it.
Disadvantages of using vaginal contraceptive ring include irregular vaginal bleeding and prolonged menstrual cycle. The reason is not clear, but with the extension of use time, the incidence will gradually decrease. A few women have increased leucorrhea; Sometimes the vaginal contraceptive ring will fall off.