Tea, coffee and cocoa are also called the three major beverages in the world, but its long history is far from comparable to other beverages. People often say that tea "originated in Shennong and was heard in Zhou Gonglu" (Tea Classic), and Shennong found tea to detoxify. Tea ceremony is a historical and cultural celebrity in China. On the basis of long-term tea drinking practice, according to the characteristics of tea, tea drinking environment, tea set configuration, brewing skills and tea drinking art closely related to tea drinking, combined with local customs and cultural characteristics, a set of tea drinking etiquette is summarized. It represents the host's understanding of the basic spirit of tea or a kind of affinity and respect for the host and guests. Since the Tang Dynasty, with the development of society, it has gradually moved towards society and served human communication and economic development. Tea has gone through a long time from the initial consumption, medicinal use to drinking; Becoming a tea culture praised by the world is a historical accumulation. What is the history and development of tea and tea ceremony? Our group has a strong interest in the history of tea. Therefore, we decided to study tea culture on this topic.
Second, the content of the investigation:
First, a brief history of drinking tea in China
1, primitive stage (pre-Qin)
In primitive society, Shennong invented farming. Leading the people to grow food solved the survival crisis. Although there is food supply, it is still limited, so we need to collect some wild fruits to satisfy our hunger directly. In the long-term consumption process, people find that tea has the functions of quenching thirst, refreshing and treating some diseases. Just boil it into soup alone, and then boil it into tea as a drink. At present, some ethnic minorities in the southwest of China still have the ancient habit of drinking tea. In addition to chewing tea directly, it can also be pickled into tea food. In short, Lu Yu's statement that "tea is a drink, which originated from Shennong" is also in line with historical reality. It is no exaggeration to say that people in China have been drinking tea for more than four or five thousand years. In the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, this habit of eating tea was inherited and developed, and tea was given a name called "tea". During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, tea had spread to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. At that time, Qi also liked to eat dishes made of tea. "Yanzi Chunqiu" records: "Baby Qi Jinggong eats rice without millet and bakes three eggs and five eggs of tea." 2. Tea drinking in the south has become a trend (Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties)
In the Han Dynasty, the health care function of tea was paid more and more attention. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Shuo Wen Jie Zi said, "Tea buds are also." Wang Bao of the Western Han Dynasty mentioned in Tongyue that "making tea has everything" and "buying tea in Wuyang" bought tea in Wuyang, indicating that there was a tea market specializing in tea at that time, and tea had become a daily necessity. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the wind of drinking tea spread to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and tea has become a daily drink, used for banquets and sacrifices. Some scholars also like to drink tea, and some poems reflect tea affairs. It can be seen that drinking tea is not only for quenching thirst, refreshing and health care, but also has a certain cultural color. Therefore, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties is another important step for China to drink tea, which can be said to be the gradual formation period of tea culture.
3. Tea drinking spread all over the country (Tang Dynasty)
After centuries of accumulation, by the middle of the Tang Dynasty, tea drinking had spread all over the country. In the Tang Dynasty, there were 43 tea-producing counties in the south, covering three tea-producing provinces in the south today. It can be said that the pattern of domestic tea areas in China was in the Tang Dynasty.
The foundation has been laid. Tea is not produced in the north, and northerners say that all the tea they drink depends on the south, so the praise for tea was very strong at that time. Another reason for the prevalence of the Tang Dynasty was the prevalence of Buddhism. From royalty to the poor. Tea-drinking custom combines Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism and philosophy, and gradually enters the spiritual field of the people. Scholars pursue the artistic conception of Zen in the process of tea tasting. Therefore, there is a so-called "Zen tea blindly". It was only in the Tang Dynasty that China's tea and tea drinking methods were widely spread to foreign countries. Therefore, the Tang Dynasty is an extremely important historical stage of tea drinking and tea culture in China.
It can also be said that it is the mature period of China tea culture and a milestone in the history of tea culture.
4. The prevalence of drinking tea (Song Dynasty)
"Tea flourished in Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty". Tea production in Song Dynasty developed unprecedentedly, and drinking tea was very popular, especially in the upper class. Tea production has been further developed, and the elaborate construction of "Dragon Group Feng Bing is world-famous" has reached an unprecedented level, and tea culture has also been developed. Song Huizong and Evonne also conducted in-depth research on tea, and wrote a monograph on tea science, Daguan Tea Theory. He was the first emperor to write his own tea book, and the skill of drinking tea spread overseas. Promoted the popularity of drinking tea. The prevalence of tea drinking in Song Dynasty was also reflected in the very developed cultural life of urban teahouses. Poets in the Song Dynasty liked tea, and many of them chanted tea. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, with the widespread popularity of loose tea, kimchi utensils became exquisite, and there were many kinds of exquisite teapots and porcelain tea sets, and tea entered many families. All these constitute the main content of China tea culture, which is constantly spreading overseas and is the source of the world tea culture.
5. The heyday of tea drinking (Ming and Qing Dynasties)
In the Ming Dynasty, there were many important inventions in tea production. In addition to improving steaming, tea production is also fried in a hot pot by hand. that
The second is the production of scented tea, especially the appearance of oolong tea. There is also black tea, which is better than green. The great achievement of tea tasting and drinking in Ming and Qing dynasties is the perfection of "Kung Fu Tea Art". Kung fu tea is a kind of tea art refined by literati in order to adapt to the method of making tea.
6. China tea reappears brilliantly (modern)
By the end of the Qing Dynasty, the tea production in China began to decline from prosperity. Because of the invasion of imperialist powers, the weakness of the government, the decline of national luck and the decline of all walks of life, the tea production in China plummeted. After the birth of New China, the government attached great importance to tea economy, and tea developed rapidly. Especially in the early 1970s, tea, as a major export commodity, was exchanged for a large amount of foreign exchange to buy goods urgently needed by the country. Drinking tea is not only a physiological need to quench thirst and produce body fluid, but also can meet the needs of human health. At the same time, tea is known as "the most civilized drink of this century". The relevant United Nations organizations decided to promote tea drinking all over the world. Some well-known large enterprises in the world have invested heavily in the research and development of tea and tea drinks. Tea is a product with high cultural content. With the development of tea economy, tea culture has also emerged and developed. In 1980s, tea culture flourished, and tea became a world-recognized healthy drink. Tea has twenty-four functions, and it plays a unique role in overcoming some difficult diseases.