(a) to improve the legal awareness of occupational disease prevention and control, to be a model of law-abiding.
Employers should seriously study and understand the Law on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases and attach great importance to the prevention and control of occupational diseases; The law on the prevention and control of occupational diseases needs to be well implemented in order to realize the sustained and coordinated development of economic development and labor resources, pay equal attention to economic benefits and health benefits, embody people-oriented and ensure political and social stability. International economic integration and standardization of market economy also need to implement the Law on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases.
(2) Establish and improve the occupational disease prevention and control responsibility system.
The top decision-maker of the employing unit must promise to abide by the national laws and regulations on the prevention and control of occupational diseases and be responsible for the occupational hazards generated by the unit; It is necessary to establish a leading organization for occupational disease prevention and control, and establish a responsibility system for occupational disease prevention and control in which the legal representative (or person in charge) is in charge, the department is responsible for division of labor, and each post is responsible, and the trade union or employee representatives participate; Hold regular occupational disease prevention and control meetings to study and implement occupational disease prevention and control work.
(three) clear occupational disease prevention and management responsibilities.
Employers need to set up or designate occupational health management institutions to be responsible for the prevention and control of occupational diseases, and equip them with full-time and part-time professionals (qualified occupational health doctors and nurses can also be hired from the society) to ensure that there are special personnel responsible for the prevention and control of occupational diseases.
(four) to formulate plans and implementation plans for the prevention and control of occupational diseases.
The employing unit shall formulate an action plan for the prevention and control of occupational diseases in its own unit, including objectives, objectives, measures, guarantee conditions, etc., and incorporate it into enterprise management to implement it; In order to ensure the effective implementation of the action plan, specific implementation plans should be formulated, including time schedule, implementation steps, technical requirements, evaluation and acceptance methods, etc. Guarantee the investment of occupational disease prevention and control funds.
(five) to establish and improve the rules and regulations for the prevention and control of occupational diseases.
1. Workplace Hazard Control System
Enterprises should regularly monitor and evaluate the occupational hazards in the workplace, including the distribution of detection points, detection cycle, entrusted institutions, and funding guarantee. Set up warning signs of occupational hazards in the workplace and inform them; Do a good job in hazard control measures and set up protective facilities to ensure the effective operation of protective facilities.
2. Workers' health monitoring system and occupational disease reporting system
It shall include the provisions on occupational health examination before, during and after taking up the post; Provisions on emergency medical examination in case of emergency; Provisions on the transfer of occupational taboos; Provisions on the administration of suspected occupational disease patients and occupational disease patients.
3. Prohibition of occupational disease hazard transfer system
It is forbidden to transfer operations that cause occupational hazards to units and individuals that do not have occupational disease protection conditions; Units and individuals that do not have the conditions to protect against occupational diseases may not accept operations that cause occupational hazards; It is forbidden to transfer occupational hazards to contractors and subcontractors; It is forbidden to transfer operations that cause occupational hazards across regions.
4. Operation management system
It is necessary to establish an operation management system including post safety operation procedures, management of raw materials and equipment use, distribution and use of personal protective equipment, and maintenance and management of protective facilities.
5. Occupational health training system
The management system should define the person in charge, organization and its responsibilities, staffing, funding guarantee, etc. of occupational health management.
6. Occupational health file management system
(1) management file
Occupational health records include the basic information of the unit; Occupational health management institutions, functions, full-time (part-time) staff and division of labor; List of laws, regulations and standards for occupational disease prevention and control and related texts; Action plan for occupational disease prevention and control of the unit, including policies, objectives and implementation plans; Occupational health management system; Internal documents such as occupational health management procedures and work instructions; Annual summary of occupational disease prevention and control.
(2) Technical documents
1) Occupational hazard management files of construction projects, mainly including power of attorney and pre-evaluation report on occupational hazards; Power of attorney and effect evaluation report of occupational disease hazard control; Review opinions of the administrative department of health; Acceptance opinions of the health administrative department.
It is best to collect construction project plans and approval documents if conditions permit; Preliminary design of construction project; Drawings, acceptance report, completion summary and related information.
2) Application materials for occupational disease hazard projects.
3) production process related information, including production process; List of materials, products, by-products and intermediate products used and stored in production and their Chinese descriptions.
4) Detection and evaluation data of occupational hazard factors in the workplace.
5) Occupational protection files, including the list of occupational protection facilities and maintenance files; Personal occupational disease protection equipment and use files.
6) Occupational health training documents, including trainers, contents and time, etc.
7) Occupational health monitoring materials, including the power of attorney for occupational health monitoring and a copy of the qualification certificate of the occupational health inspection institution; List of posts and personnel for occupational health examination; Inspection results and evaluation reports issued by the occupational health inspection institutions; List of patients with occupational contraindications and occupational diseases; Occupational contraindications, transfer and resettlement of occupational patients; Personal occupational health monitoring files.
8) Emergency rescue plan for accidents, including the responsibilities of rescue organizations and personnel; Emergency protective equipment and use guide; Early warning facilities; Emergency facilities; Ways and methods of accident reporting; Route and method of personnel evacuation; Countermeasures for property protection.
(3) all kinds of summary data
It mainly includes the detection results of occupational hazard factors; Occupational health monitoring results; Diagnosis and identification of occupational diseases; Treatment and placement of patients with occupational diseases; Training; Occupational disease protection facilities; Data on the death of workers due to occupational diseases; Summary of absence due to illness.
(six) the democratic supervision function of trade unions.
Establish a consultation mechanism for occupational disease prevention and control with the participation of enterprise trade unions and employee representatives; Negotiate on an equal footing and sign a collective contract; Establish a network of labor protection supervision and inspection of trade unions; Carry out mass supervision activities.
(seven) the occupational disease prevention and control funds guarantee mechanism
Including personnel, organization management costs and occupational hazards prevention and control costs, and included in the production cost budget.
1. The cost of occupational disease protection facilities includes the cost of configuration and maintenance of occupational disease protection facilities; Configuration and maintenance of personal occupational disease protection articles; Sanitation facilities; Emergency rescue facilities; Occupational hazard notification signs, etc.
2. Detection and evaluation of occupational hazard factors in the workplace include pre-evaluation of occupational hazards in construction projects; Evaluation of control effect of occupational hazards in construction projects: assessment of occupational hazards in workplaces; Effect evaluation of occupational disease prevention facilities.
3. Occupational health monitoring and occupational disease diagnosis management expenses.
4. Occupational health training expenses.
5. Industrial injury insurance expenses, etc.
Nine requirements for implementing occupational disease prevention and control plan
(1) Control occupational hazards from the source
In the feasibility demonstration stage of new construction, renovation and expansion projects, units with evaluation qualifications shall be entrusted to carry out occupational hazard assessment, and the occupational hazard assessment report shall be submitted to the health administrative department for approval after health examination.
The contents of the evaluation report include: the types and degrees of hazards existing in the construction project and the conditions that cause harmful consequences; Causes, scope and consequences of possible hazards; Measures to prevent accidents; Work procedures, posts or posts for key monitoring and management; Emergency rescue measures; Conclusion.
In the design review stage of new construction, reconstruction and expansion projects with serious occupational hazards, the design of protective facilities should undergo health review.
In the stage of completion acceptance, new, rebuilt and expanded construction projects should do well in the following three aspects: (1) Evaluate the control effect of occupational hazards before acceptance; After completion, the protective facilities shall be put into use after passing the acceptance of the health department; Declare the occupational disease hazard project within 30 days from the date of completion acceptance.
New construction, renovation and expansion projects should also pay attention to:
1. The evaluation of the control effect of occupational hazards shall be entrusted to an occupational health technical service institution with corresponding qualifications, and a copy of the qualification certificate shall be required.
2. Judge the management level of the construction project, and select the evaluation institution according to the relevant provisions. The items assessed by Grade A institutions include:
(1) National key construction projects of more than 200 million yuan approved by the State Council and its functional departments;
(2) Special construction projects such as nuclear facilities;
(3) Construction projects across provinces and cities.
3. The evaluation report and health examination documents shall be properly kept.
(2) Truthfully declare the occupational hazards.
The employing unit shall determine the occupational hazard factors existing or generated in the workplace according to the Classification Catalogue of Occupational Hazard Factors issued by the Ministry of Health, and truthfully declare the occupational hazard items to the local county-level health administrative department.
The contents of the declaration include: basic information; Type, concentration or intensity of risk factors; Production technologies, processes and materials that produce harmful factors; Danger protection and emergency rescue facilities. (C) standardize employment management
Shall not arrange underage workers to engage in operations that are exposed to occupational hazards; Female workers during pregnancy and lactation shall not be arranged to engage in operations harmful to themselves, the fetus and the baby; Child labor shall not be used; Workers with occupational contraindications shall not be arranged to engage in operations that are exposed to occupational hazards; When signing a labor contract, the possible occupational hazards and their consequences, as well as occupational disease prevention measures and treatment should be clearly stipulated in the contract.
(four) strict management of materials and equipment.
Give priority to the use of new technologies, new processes and new materials that are conducive to the protection of workers' health, and do not produce, operate, import or use equipment and materials that may cause occupational hazards that are explicitly prohibited by the state; The main raw material suppliers used by enterprises shall meet the requirements of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases, and shall not conceal the occupational hazards in production technologies, processes and materials; Set warning signs and Chinese warning instructions at eye-catching positions of equipment that may cause occupational hazards; When using, producing or dealing in chemicals that may cause occupational hazards, or using radioactive isotopes and articles containing radioactive substances, there must be Chinese instructions; The occupational hazards shall not be passed on to units and individuals that do not have protective conditions for occupational diseases, and employees shall not accept occupational hazards that do not have protective conditions; Warning signs and Chinese warning instructions should be marked on the packaging of toxic substances and equipment that may cause occupational hazards.
(5) The workplace meets the requirements of occupational health.
Reasonable production layout: the workplace is separated from the living place; Harmful operations are separated from harmless operations; Toxic workplaces are isolated from other workplaces.
Enterprises engaged in the operation of toxic substances shall obtain the occupational health and safety license issued by the administrative department of health.
The intensity or concentration of occupational hazard factors should meet the national occupational health standards.
Set warning line in toxic and harmful workplaces: set yellow warning line in general toxic workplaces; A red warning line should be set up in the workplace of highly toxic substances.
In toxic and harmful workplaces where acute occupational injuries may occur, early warning and alarm devices, on-site first-aid supplies and washing equipment shall be set up or configured; Emergency evacuation routes and necessary dangerous areas should be set up.
Radioactive workplaces and transportation and storage of radioisotopes should be equipped with alarm devices.
Shower rooms, changing rooms and special rooms for storing articles should also be set up for highly toxic operations.
The workplace has matching dressing rooms, bathrooms, maternity lounges and other sanitary facilities.
(6) Conscientiously fulfill the obligation to inform of danger.
The labor contract shall specify the possible occupational hazards, harmful consequences, occupational disease prevention measures and treatment.
Set up a bulletin board in a prominent position in the workplace to announce the rules and regulations, operating procedures, emergency rescue measures for occupational hazards and the detection results of occupational hazards in the workplace.
Set up warning signs of occupational hazards according to regulations.
Truthfully inform workers of the results of workplace testing and occupational health examination.
(7) Strengthen occupational protection.
Occupational disease protection facilities should be reasonable and effective.
According to the standards, provide workers with personal protective equipment that meets the requirements of occupational disease prevention and control;
1. Make personal occupational disease protection articles plan and organize its implementation;
2. Distribution of personal occupational disease protection articles registration records;
3. Timely maintenance and regular inspection of personal occupational disease protection equipment; Regular maintenance and inspection of emergency rescue facilities; The account of occupational disease prevention facilities is complete; Workers exposed to occupational hazards shall be given appropriate post allowances.
The user of the production device of highly toxic substances shall make a maintenance plan in advance, and define the hazard protection measures; When maintaining and repairing the production device of high toxic substances, the maintenance and repair scheme and operation procedures should be strictly implemented; The employing unit engaged in the operation of toxic substances shall establish and improve the emergency rescue plan for occupational hazards; Regularly drill the emergency rescue plan for occupational hazard accidents; Equipped with emergency rescue personnel and necessary emergency rescue equipment and equipment, and ensure that the facilities are in good condition.
(eight) truthfully perform the accident report.
When an occupational hazard accident occurs, the employing unit shall immediately and truthfully report to the local county-level health administrative department and relevant departments.
The contents of the report shall include the place, time, occurrence rate, death toll, possible causes, measures taken and development trend of the accident.
Actively cooperate with the on-site investigation and evidence collection work of the accident investigation team and provide evidence or materials truthfully.