The condition of bronchiectasis is complex, with different symptoms, and the severity is related to many factors. There are many factors to consider in determining the treatment plan: 1. Whether there are symptoms, the severity of symptoms, the history of repeated lung infections, the number of attacks, and the therapeutic effect. If the symptoms are mild and the infection is easy to control, medical treatment can be considered, otherwise surgical treatment can be considered. 2. It is important to consider whether there is a history of hemoptysis. Some so-called "bronchiectasis sicca" usually do not have many symptoms of lung infection, but may suddenly hemoptysis. Branching and dilation is a benign disease. Today, with the use of a variety of antibiotics, most infections can be controlled and can survive for many years after illness, but severe hemoptysis can be life-threatening. Although bronchial artery embolization can be urgently sought now, in the long run, there is the best surgical treatment for massive or repeated hemoptysis. 3. The scope of the lesion This is one of the most important factors that determine the medical and surgical treatment. Localized lesions can be resected, and the lesions are extensive, but some of them are lighter and some are heavier, and the symptoms are obvious. Severe lesions can be removed to obtain palliative effect. However, if there are lesions on both sides and the severity is not very relevant, surgery cannot be considered. 4. The analysis of some cases shows that after the age of 40, the patient's condition can often be alleviated, and there is not much progress. However, patients over 50 years old have poor physical strength, other diseases and poor surgical tolerance. Therefore, surgery is conservative for patients over 40 to 50 years old. 5. In the case of other lesions, such as bronchiectasis caused by benign tumor blockage, resection is mainly to treat tumors; Pulmonary tuberculosis leads to bronchiectasis (mostly in the upper lobe). At this time, most of the tuberculosis lesions have been stabilized and no surgery is needed. 6. The general situation and the presence of other diseases, such as serious lesions in the heart, liver and kidney systems, or poor cardiopulmonary function, can not stand surgery and can only be treated by internal medicine. 7. Living, working and medical conditions, such as good living and medical conditions and not too tired from work, can keep the focus stable after conservative treatment. If you are doing field work or manual labor, students are studying, the medical conditions are not very good, and the lesion is difficult to treat. It is best to remove the lesion. 8. Do patients and their families agree that surgical dilatation usually occurs in childhood, and the bronchial and pulmonary parenchymal lesions are irreversible, and the pulmonary lesions are aggravated repeatedly, which obviously affects the quality of life and labor force. If conditions permit, it is best to remove the lesion. However, in recent years, the emergence of new antibiotics can effectively control lung infection, and a considerable number of dilated lesions can be maintained in a "stable state." Patients are healthy and continue to work, and the need for surgery is obviously reduced. However, it is incorrect to think that surgery is no longer needed. Because thoracic surgery has always been a fairly safe operation with good results, each patient should consider the advantages and disadvantages separately in treatment. The treatment of bronchiectasis includes several parts: ① Antibiotic treatment of infection. (2) Treatment of complications caused by bronchiectasis, such as sinusitis. ③ Symptomatic treatment such as hemoptysis and massive pus and phlegm. ④ Surgical resection or lung transplantation. ⑤ Respiratory training and physical therapy to improve the quality of life and work ability are often overlooked by clinicians. ⑥ Special reasons, such as immune deficiency and congenital genetic diseases, can only be treated by thoracic medicine if the original cause cannot be corrected. The treatment principle of bronchiectasis is to eliminate pathogens, promote expectoration, control infection and other conservative medical treatments, and perform surgery if necessary. Drug treatment is the foundation, even if there are clear indications for surgery, it will take some time to treat. Some people think that it should be treated for at least half a year, because after the pulmonary infection is controlled, some branches may return to normal, and the operation is safer and the curative effect is better after the acute inflammation disappears. Cases that cannot be operated need long-term medical treatment. (1) Medical treatment of bronchiectasis 1. Control infection and relieve symptoms. If bronchiectasis is a lifelong disease, without surgery, the symptoms are sometimes absent, sometimes mild and sometimes severe. When to use drugs in internal medicine, what drugs to use and how to use them (dosage, route and time limit) should be considered. No fever, no aggravation of cough, only sputum, no obvious discomfort for patients, no need to use antibiotics. If the sputum is purulent (usually after upper respiratory tract infection), use standard dose of broad-spectrum antibiotics for at least 1 ~ 2 weeks until the sputum turns into mucus. There is yellow-green purulent sputum, indicating that inflammation is progressing and the lungs continue to be destroyed. Drugs should be used actively, but phlegm is not easy to turn into mucus. If the condition has been "stable", once it worsens, it needs active treatment. For those who often have mucus pus and phlegm, whether antibiotics are effective is a problem. The choice of antibiotics depends on experience and patients' response after treatment, and sputum culture and drug sensitivity test are not completely reliable. Acute infection such as pneumonia, tissue congestion, high concentration of antibiotics in lung and blood, and good curative effect. The poor response of chronic suppurative lesions to drugs may be due to the following reasons: ① Antibiotics cannot penetrate the bronchial wall and enter the lumen, but bacteria are in the purulent secretion of the lumen. ② Bacteria are not sensitive to the drug itself, and anaerobic bacteria (coughing up smelly sputum) also have resistance to the drug. There are different opinions about the duration of taking medicine. Some people think that taking medicine for about 2 weeks is effective, and some people advocate taking medicine for 6 ~ 10 months to reduce the damage of inflammation to the lungs and avoid fibrosis. There is little research in this field. Because the clinical symptoms are mostly chronic diseases, even long-term medication until the symptoms disappear can not prevent lung injury. 2. Postural drainage dilatation mostly occurs in the drooping part of the lung, and the drainage is not smooth. Normal people expel sputum by coughing, and the mechanism of clearing cartilage and mucus from bronchial wall in patients with bronchiectasis has been destroyed. Cough can't cough up all the phlegm. X-ray examination shows that the proximal bronchus collapses completely when coughing, so it is best to use gravity for body position drainage to make the surrounding sputum flow to the larger bronchus at the hilum of the lung, and then cough up. According to the different trends of each bronchus, take a deep breath, expectorate after 10 ~ 15 min, several times a day, and add physical therapy methods such as chest patting. If the amount of sputum exceeds 30ml a day, it should be drained sooner or later. Keeping breathing unobstructed, clearing the secretions in trachea, reducing the accumulation of sputum in airway, lungs and bronchi, and clearing the place where bacteria grow and multiply are the main links to control infection. Nursing care of bronchial drainage: firstly, expectorant should be given to make sputum thinner and easy to cough up, so as to reduce bronchial infection and systemic toxic reaction. Instruct the patient to make the affected side up and the mouth down according to the lesion site, take a deep breath and cough, pat the back, and make the secretion oscillate in the trachea and be excreted by gravity. If necessary, it can be atomized and inhaled, with better effect. Patients should do postural drainage on an empty stomach, 2 ~ 4 times a day, each time 15 ~ 20 minutes. Observe the changes of the patient's breathing and pulse during drainage. If you have symptoms such as dyspnea, palpitation and cold sweat, stop drainage and give oxygen in a semi-recumbent or supine position. After drainage, patients should be assisted to clean oral secretions. 3. Treatment of hemoptysis Hemoptysis is a common symptom of bronchiectasis and the main cause of life-threatening. Hemoptysis often has no clear cause, and it is not necessarily parallel to other symptoms, such as fever and expectoration. A small amount of hemoptysis can generally be stopped by rest, sedatives and hemostatic drugs. It is feasible to treat massive hemoptysis by bronchial artery embolization. Tracheoscopy (preferably with a hard mirror), local injection of ice water, with slender gauze or Fogarty tube blocking. 4. Other therapies In the case of acute infection, it is essential to pay attention to rest, nutrition and supportive therapy. Bronchodilators may be useful. If the lung function test finds airway obstruction, FEV 1 can be improved after taking it, and you can continue taking it. If it doesn't work, you can try prednisone. If the subjective symptoms do not improve after use, don't give it again. In some rare cases, human globulin can be used if there is immunosuppression. 5. Patients with chronic sinusitis, gingivitis and tonsillitis should be given active treatment at the same time. When nursing complicated with infection, such as fever, cough, expectoration or hemoptysis, you should stay in bed to avoid fatigue and mood swings and maintain a good mood. The diet should be nutritious, and you can eat foods with high protein, high calorie and high vitamins. Pay attention to oral hygiene and rinse your mouth with compound borax solution or chlorhexidine solution before going to bed and after meals. If the expectoration is not smooth, various drainage methods should be adopted. The patient's purulent sputum should not be vomited everywhere, but should be disinfected centrally. (2) Surgical treatment: For patients with recurrent massive hemoptysis complicated with pulmonary infection who have not achieved good results in long-term medical treatment, the lesion does not exceed 2 lobes and the cardiopulmonary function is not seriously damaged, so surgical resection can be considered. 1. Surgical indications (1) The focus is limited, the symptoms are obvious, or there are repeated lung infections. This is the main indication, which can completely remove the diseased lung tissue and achieve good results. (2) There are lesions on both sides, one side is serious and the other side is light. Symptoms mainly come from the seriously ill side, which can be removed. If the other side of the lesion still has symptoms after operation, it can be treated with drugs. (3) Both rules have serious localized lesions. If there are symptoms such as severe hemoptysis, the severe side should be removed first, and then observation and medical treatment should be carried out after the contralateral lesion is stable. If the lesion progresses, it should be removed again. (4) Emergency resection of massive hemoptysis. Most of the existing bronchial artery embolization can stop bleeding first and then change to elective surgery. There used to be bronchography, and the focus was very clear. Under the current technical level, emergency resection of hemoptysis can also be performed. If there is no bronchography and the location and scope of the lesion are not known, the operation will be very difficult. Some people decide the resection method according to signs (such as auscultation with rales), chest radiographs and unintentional fiber branches, but it is not very reliable. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy can see the source of bleeding, but it is very dangerous to check when hemoptysis is very large. After the fiberoptic bronchoscope is put in, the lens may be contaminated quickly and nothing can be seen. There is blood everywhere in the bronchial tree, or there is no bronchial blood spray for a short time after aspiration, so it is impossible to locate. Sometimes bronchial hemorrhage is common, but not all lungs are diseased. The bronchial cavity is very small, and the bronchial wall is lubricated by secretions. After bleeding, it is easy to flow to the low position (such as the back segment of the lower lobe or the whole lower lobe), and it is easy to make mistakes. In short, if there is no special need, it is best not to do emergency pneumonectomy. Due to the high requirements of anesthesia technology, most of the lungs are sometimes purple with blood after thoracotomy, so it is impossible to determine the resection range and even cut more lung tissue by mistake. After pneumonectomy, the remaining lungs may be poorly inflated or infected due to blood inhalation, so the complications and mortality of emergency surgery are high. (5) Bilateral lung transplantation can be considered if the bilateral lesions are extensive, the patient's general condition and lung function deteriorate, the medical treatment is ineffective, the estimated survival time is less than 1 ~ 2 years, and the patient is under 55 years old. 1983 lung allograft was successful. By 1998, more than 8,000 cases have been done all over the world, and the indication is bronchiectasis. 1 year survival rate can reach 79% ~ 90%, which is quite satisfactory for a dying patient. 2. Design of surgical plan (1) If the lesion is localized and normal, a section can be removed to the whole lung. The most common ones are left lower lobe plus tongue segment, left or right lower lobe and right middle lobe. (2) There are lesions in the basal segment of the lower lobe, but it is not uncommon for the dorsal segment to be normal, and the dorsal segment can be preserved. However, even if the base segments are not completely affected, individual base segments are generally not removed. Because the boundaries between segments are unclear, the basal segments are small and barely separated, and the reserved lung function is limited, and the complications are obviously increased. (3) The supralingual segment is sometimes unaffected, and the sublingual segment can be removed separately. (4) Bilateral lesions, if limited, the patient is young and generally in good condition, can be removed at the same time, with bilateral chest incision or bilateral lateral incision in turn. If the general situation does not allow, do one side first, and then do the opposite side after 3 ~ 6 months. The interval depends on the physical recovery. Individual patients may not be able to perform contralateral surgery because of complications or severe lung function damage. Bilateral bronchiectasis is not uncommon: such as massive hemoptysis, repeated lung infections, and difficult to treat. Because bronchiectasis mostly occurs in children, as long as enough normal lung tissue is left, it can be removed in stages. The literature reported that there were three operations, and finally only eight segments of lungs were left in the upper left lobe and the upper right lobe. Because of its great breathing potential, this lung can also sustain the life of political parties. It is important to be careful every time you operate. There will be no complications. The amount of lung tissue removed by bronchiectasis depends entirely on the findings of preoperative bronchography, and the findings of surgical thoracotomy are for reference only. A considerable number of patients have normal lung appearance and no abnormality at diagnosis, so it is impossible to determine the scope of the lesion. The pathological changes seen during the operation ranged from heavy to light, which could be lung volume reduction, atelectasis or consolidation. Small lesions in lung parenchyma; Sometimes the pigment in the diseased lung is obviously reduced, showing pink emphysema, which may be caused by childhood illness, not taking part in breathing and ventilation, and not inhaling external dust. The lesion has spread to pleural adhesion. Almost all the doors have inflammation, swollen lymph nodes and tight adhesion between tissues. Most of the ipsilateral normal lungs have compensatory emphysema. All these findings in the operation have an influence on the decision of the surgical plan. After the resection of the upper lobe of the left lung with the lower lobe, the lung in the Shuo area is unhealthy, small in size, and the residual cavity is too large. Sometimes, total pneumonectomy has to be changed to avoid serious complications. 3. Prepare (1) various routine examinations before operation, paying special attention to sputum culture and drug allergy test. (2) Examination of lung function, blood gas, nuclide and lung perfusion. (3) improve nutrition. (4) Patients with excessive sputum should be given appropriate antibiotics, and it is best to reduce the amount of sputum to below 30 ml/d. When the sputum changes from purulent to mucinous, surgery should be performed again, and the medication time may be as long as 2 weeks. (5) Multi-position sputum drainage. (6) Respiratory training and physical therapy to improve lung function. (7) If bronchography is done recently, users of iodized oil should wait until the iodized oil is emptied. Usually it will be exhausted in a few days. However, some iodized oil enters bronchioles or alveoli, which may stay for a long time and cannot wait. From the point of view of lung function, the operation will be ineffective 3 days after angiography. 4. There are some residual symptoms after bronchiectasis pneumonectomy. The reasons are: (1) bilateral bronchography has glue, some branches are not well filled, not found, the operation is not clean, and residual bronchiectasis has symptoms. (2) It turned out to be a bilateral lesion, only the heavy side was removed, and the lighter side still had branches. (3) After partial resection of one side of the lung, the bronchus is twisted and the drainage is not smooth, causing infection, and even the redundant lung inflates to form new branches. (4) After pneumonectomy, the bronchial stump remains for a long time, with secretion retention, or granulation is formed due to stimulation of the stump, leading to cough and hemoptysis. (5) The original factors leading to bronchiectasis, such as unprecedented nasal inflammation, chronic bronchitis or immune-related defects, have not been dealt with. (6) There may be occult bronchial fistula, and bronchial stump fistula leads to small pus cavity. Postoperative cough with yellow phlegm is sometimes a common respiratory infection, which is not necessarily related to the original branch dilatation and operation. After partial pneumonectomy with bronchiectasis, hemoptysis and even massive hemoptysis occur from time to time. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy of bronchial stump is often normal, and residual pulmonary angiography does not necessarily have bronchiectasis. We used bronchial artery embolization, and the effect was very good. Before embolization, bronchial arteriography showed that the blood vessels in the hilum of the lung became thicker and even appeared in clusters, and the reasons were discussed. If embolization is ineffective, the remaining lung tissue can be removed if other conditions permit. 5. The result of surgical treatment is closely related to the choice of indications. Strict precedent surgery mortality is less than 1%. In the experienced unit, there was basically no operative death, 80% of the symptoms disappeared after operation, and 15% improved, but there were still some symptoms, and 5% did not improve or worsen. Sometimes it is difficult to determine the relationship between symptom improvement and surgery. Some cases of residual lung with symptoms were identified before operation, but they could not be treated by surgery. 6. Some problems related to anesthesia and operation. It is best to use double-lumen tracheal intubation for anesthesia. Even patients with little sputum before operation may gush out a lot of pus due to lung compression during operation. For example, single-lumen intubation may not be able to suck out, and frequent sputum aspiration will affect breathing and ventilation. If patients with hemoptysis have hemoptysis during operation, double-lumen intubation can prevent blood from flowing to the opposite side, which is also helpful for the location of hemoptysis. When the dilated bronchi of the lungs are clamped, there should be no more blood sucked out. If bleeding persists, consider bleeding in other parts. Compared with young patients, children or women can't insert bilateral tubes. If there is too much phlegm, you can consider taking a prone position and discharging phlegm with the help of posture. You can also insert a single lumen into one side, clamp the bronchus during operation, and then return to the normal trachea. If the lesion spreads to the pleura, the adhesion is tight and there are many communicating branches of body-lung blood vessels. Attention should be paid to hemostasis and ligation when separating. The dilated patient's pleura may not adhere. Because of repeated lung infections, the hilum of the lung is almost tightly adhered or even scarred, and various anatomical structures and lymph nodes are adhered together, with almost no loose connective tissue layer in the middle. The degree of bronchiectasis is the most serious in common lung diseases. The diameter of bronchial artery at normal hilum rarely exceeds 1 ~ 2mm, but according to a large number of bronchial arteriography, the thickness of bronchiectasis patients can reach 5 ~ 6mm. Special attention should be paid to the treatment of umbilical cord. If necessary and possible, the bronchial artery should be ligated at the starting point of the aorta (equivalent to the height of T5 and T6) or all soft tissues beside the bronchus should be sutured first. In the case of tight hilum adhesion, sometimes it can be separated from the periphery of the lung first, and finally all the tissues of the diseased lung can be treated. Bronchial parenchyma is hard and easy to identify. If necessary, the suture can be cut off when the lumen is seen. The adjacent blood vessels can be bundled to avoid injury caused by reluctant separation and there is no intention to remove the blood vessels in the lung. (3) TCM treatment (1) wind-heat invading the lung, releasing heat: hemoptysis, cough, chest tightness, body heat and thirst, dry nose and throat, or aversion to cold and fever, red tongue with thin yellow fur and floating pulse. Treatment: relieving exterior syndrome and clearing heat, dispersing lung and relieving cough. Prescription: Mulberry 10g, Almond 10g, Douchi 10g, Gardenia 10g, Radix Adenophorae 15g, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae 10g and Fructus Forsythiae 15g. Chinese patent medicine: Zhike Hong Ju Pill. (2) Phlegm heat accumulating in the lungs: cough, shortness of breath, expectoration of yellow or purulent sputum, hemoptysis, chest pain and chest tightness, upset and dry mouth, red face and eyes, constipation and red urine, red tongue with yellow fur and slippery pulse. Treatment: clearing away heat and resolving phlegm, purging fire and stopping bleeding. Prescription: roasted ephedra almond10g, gypsum fibrosum 30g, raw licorice 6g, mulberry bark10g, wolfberry bark10g, scutellaria baicalensis Georgi10g, houttuynia cordata 30g and moutan bark10g. Chinese patent medicine: Er Mu Ning Sou Pill, Yunnan Baiyao. (3) Deficiency of both qi and yin: pale face or red cheekbones, shortness of breath and fatigue, dry cough with little phlegm, dry mouth and red throat, shortness of breath and fatigue, pale red tongue with little fur and weak pulse. Treatment: benefiting qi and nourishing yin, moistening lung and relieving cough. Prescription: Pseudostellaria heterophylla 15g, Adenophora adenophora 15g, Lily 30g, Polygonatum odoratum 15g, Almond 10g, Stemona Stemona 10g, Eclipta prostrata 10g and Platycladus orientalis/kloc-. Chinese patent medicine: Yangyin Qingfei ointment. (4) Chinese medicine prescription: 5 grams of Bletilla striata powder, 3 grams of Ginseng Radix Notoginseng, and 0/0 gram of Colla Corii Asini/Kloc-(dissolved), and then taking Bletilla striata powder and Notoginseng. Used for hemoptysis. Acupuncture treatment of bronchiectasis Acupuncture treatment of bronchiectasis is as follows: (1) Body acupuncture treatment: acupoints of Kongzui, Shu Ge, Shu Fei and Sanyinjiao are selected as the main points. Excessive phlegm and dampness are matched with Hanzhong and Fenglong; Yin fire king with Taixi, the old palace; Liver fire invading the lungs, Taichong and Yanglingquan; Deficiency of lung and kidney qi and spleen Shu and Zusanli. Needle 1 time every day to relieve diarrhea and stay 10 ~ 20 minutes. (2) Acupoint application: 3g of cinnamon, 8g of sulfur 1 8g, 9g of borneol, and 0g of garlic1piece, mashed with * * * and added with appropriate amount of medicine, and applied to bilateral Yongquan points. (3) Acupoint injection: Select the most acupoints on both sides, extract 2 ~ 4 ml of Houttuynia cordata injection with a No.5 needle syringe, quickly and vertically penetrate into the acupoints for about 0.5 cm, and then slowly penetrate into the acupoints for about 1cm, and the liquid medicine will not return to blood after deep injection. During hemoptysis, 2 ml of Houttuynia cordata injection was injected into each point, three times a day, and 3 days was 1 course of treatment. Once a day after the cessation of hemoptysis, the dosage is the same as above, and bilateral acupoint injection or alternate injection every other day is used to consolidate treatment for 2 ~ 3 days.
Edit the therapeutic standard of this paragraph.
At present, it has not been unified, and most medical units adopt the following standards: clinical recovery: cough, expectoration and hemoptysis have completely stopped, and other symptoms and signs of respiratory tract have basically or completely disappeared, so you can stick to your work. Remarkable effects: cough and sputum were significantly reduced, hemoptysis stopped, lung rales were significantly reduced or disappeared, and inflammatory shadows were obviously absorbed by lung X-ray examination. Effective: Cough and expectoration improved, massive hemoptysis stopped, but sputum still contained bloodshot or blood clots, and respiratory symptoms and signs were alleviated. Ineffective: Symptoms and signs did not improve after treatment.
Edit the forecast for this paragraph.
Bronchiectasis itself is an irreversible disease. It is closely related to the prognosis of this disease to actively control infection, clear sputum and control and alleviate the development of bronchiectasis. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the fundamental pathogenesis of this disease is that fire burns the lung collaterals, and it is difficult to recover the damaged lung collaterals, so the latent pathogenesis always exists. Generally speaking, lung heat, liver fire invading the lung and other syndromes. With pathogenic energy as the main factor, timely treatment in the early and middle stages, proper conditioning, controllable illness and good prognosis. Such as repeated attacks or long-term treatment, massive hemoptysis, forming a syndrome of yin deficiency and excessive fire, and the prognosis is poor.
Edit this paragraph after nursing.
1. Prevent colds. 2. Avoid alcohol, tobacco and spicy food. 3. Avoid emotional stimulation.
Edit this edible food.
People with bronchiectasis are suitable to take the foods mentioned in "lung heat type cough" and "lung dry type cough". Such as pear, momordica grosvenori, persimmon, loquat, fig, water chestnut, radish, wax gourd, loofah, mint, boat-fruited Sterculia, water shield, jellyfish, tofu, white chrysanthemum, honeysuckle, lily, sugarcane, soybean milk, honey, maltose, tremella, persimmon cream, etc. Persimmon cream is cool and sweet, and has good effects of clearing away heat, moistening dryness and resolving phlegm. It is well said in the Record of Medical Enthusiasm in the West: "Persimmon cream enters the lungs, but it is sweet, cool and slippery. Its sweet taste can also benefit lung qi; Cool, can clear lung heat; Smooth, can benefit the lungs and resolve phlegm; It can also moisturize and nourish the lungs. " "Herbal Yan Hui" said: "Persimmon cream is also a medicine for clearing fire." "Herbal Shu Shu" also said: "Persimmon cream is better than clearing the evil of getting angry." Therefore, the disease belongs to bronchiectasis patients with phlegm-heat accumulation in the lung or lung heat and dryness, and eating it is the most beneficial. Luffa is cool and sweet, it can clear away heat and phlegm, cool blood and detoxify, bronchiectasis and cough up yellow pus or hemoptysis, so it should be eaten often and is quite beneficial. Winter melon cold food can eliminate phlegm, clear heat and detoxify. "Herbal Yi Yan" says that it "moistens the lungs, eliminates phlegm and clears heat, and relieves cough." "Rihuazi Materia Medica" also thinks that wax gourd can "treat fever in chest and diaphragm, clear away heat and detoxify". Therefore, people with phlegm heat in lung meridian, cough and yellow pus and thick phlegm should eat more. Tofu is cool and sweet, and has the functions of nourishing body fluid, moistening dryness, clearing away heat and detoxifying. It is also said in the Compendium of Medical Forest that it can "clear lung heat, relieve cough and resolve phlegm." People with bronchiectasis should often eat tofu cold salad. Li Shizhen, a great pharmacist in Ming Dynasty, thought Sagittarius was "bitter and sweet, slightly cold". Herbal Medicine in Southern Yunnan also says that it can "stop coughing, with blood in phlegm or coughing up blood", and introduces the method of treating hemoptysis due to lung deficiency by mashing it with several raw arrows, mixing it with honey rice bran, steaming it on rice and taking it while it is hot. Bronchiectasis and hemoptysis are also applicable. In addition, you should eat more heat-clearing and cold foods such as vegetables, water shield, chrysanthemum brain, pears and honeysuckle.
Edit the diet in this paragraph
Formula 1, lily loquat cream: fresh lily 3000g, loquat1000g (peeled and pitted), honey 300g. Wash lily, put it into the pot with loquat and honey, add water and mix well, stew it with slow fire, fry it with slow fire until it doesn't stick to your hands, take it out and let it cool. Take 2 spoonfuls twice a day with boiled water. This prescription is suitable for patients with bronchiectasis, cough, massive hemoptysis and dry mouth and throat. Party 2, tremella fresh lotus root porridge: 50 grams of tremella, 500 grams of fresh lotus root (to the festival), 50 grams of glutinous rice. After washing lotus root, wring juice, add water to tremella and glutinous rice to cook porridge as usual, add lotus root juice when porridge is thick, and add appropriate amount of rock sugar when cooked. This prescription is suitable for patients with bronchiectasis, hemoptysis, dry cough and scanty phlegm.
Edit this paragraph to prevent
Quit smoking and avoid inhaling irritating gases. Control secondary infection, thoroughly treat respiratory diseases, such as measles, whooping cough and bronchopneumonia in children, actively prevent and treat measles, whooping cough and bronchopneumonia in children, and do a good job in vaccination of infectious diseases. To prevent the bronchial cavity from being damaged and developing bronchiectasis. Strengthening physical fitness, improving disease resistance and proper physical exercise, such as running, walking and playing Tai Ji Chuan, are helpful to prevent the onset of this disease. It is of great significance to prevent colds and actively cure upper respiratory tract infections such as rhinitis, pharyngitis and chronic tonsillitis. The nursing of bronchiectasis hemoptysis is carried out according to the general nursing routine of internal medicine and diseases in this system. Disease observation: 1. Observe the change of sputum color, character, smell and quantity, and take sputum samples for inspection if necessary. 2. Observe the change of illness, whether there is infection or hemoptysis. 3. Observe the temperature change. 4. Observe whether there are premonitory symptoms of asphyxia and take timely measures. 5. Observe the effects and side effects of various drugs. Symptomatic nursing: 1. Give oxygen reasonably according to the condition. 2. Postural drainage (1) and postural drainage according to the lesions in different parts. (2) Each drainage time is 65438 0.5 minutes, and patients are encouraged to cough. Rinse your mouth after drainage. (3), every day 1 ~ 2 times (early in the morning, before going to bed) for postural drainage, record the amount and nature of sputum. (4), drainage should be carried out before meals, should assist in patting the back. 3. Clear the sputum and keep the respiratory tract unobstructed, and perform ultrasonic atomization inhalation twice a day. 4. Patients with hemoptysis should be given spiritual comfort according to the hemoptysis nursing routine (1) and encouraged to cough up blood gently. (2) Give it warm and cool, semi-liquid is easy to digest, and it is fast when it is hemoptysis. (3) Closely observe the effects and side effects of hemostatic drugs. (4), closely observe the color and quantity of hemoptysis, and record. (5) Ensure that the venous access is unobstructed and correctly calculate the dripping speed per minute. (6) Patients with massive hemoptysis let the head of the affected side lean to one side. (7), ready to rescue items and suction device. (8) Record the special care sheet correctly when necessary. (9), closely observe whether there are any signs of suffocation. (10), keep the ward quiet and avoid rabbit noise stimulation. Remove blood stains in time and keep the bed unit clean and tidy. Ordinary care: 1. Dietary care encourages patients to eat more foods with high protein and vitamins. 2. Oral care, such as gargling or brushing your teeth in the morning, before going to bed and after meals. To reduce the spread of bacteria to the respiratory tract and cause infection. 3. Take a proper rest, get out of bed and exercise to facilitate expectoration. Health guidance: 1. Keep warm to prevent upper respiratory tract infection. 2. Pay attention to oral cleaning, rinse your mouth frequently, brush your teeth more, and change your toothbrush regularly. 3. Exercise and enhance disease resistance. 4. Keep the respiratory tract unobstructed, and pay attention to drainage and expectoration. 5. Do sputum culture regularly and take medicine as soon as possible. Acupuncture treatment of bronchiectasis bronchiectasis is a common chronic bronchial suppurative inflammatory disease, which is mostly secondary to respiratory tract infection and bronchial obstruction, especially bronchial inflammation after measles and whooping cough in children and adolescents. Due to the destruction of the bronchial wall, the lumen expands and deforms. The clinical manifestations are chronic cough, a lot of pus and phlegm, and repeated hemoptysis. Chronic cough has a lot of pus and phlegm, and the amount of phlegm is related to body position. Hemoptysis can recur with different degrees, ranging from a small amount of sputum to a large amount of hemoptysis, and the amount of hemoptysis is inconsistent with the severity of the disease. Acupuncture treatment of bronchiectasis is as follows: (1) Body acupuncture treatment: Kongzui, Shu Ge, Shu Fei and Sanyinjiao are selected as the main acupoints. Excessive phlegm and dampness are matched with Hanzhong and Fenglong; Yin fire king with Taixi, the old palace; Liver fire invading the lungs, Taichong and Yanglingquan; Deficiency of lung and kidney qi and spleen Shu and Zusanli. Needle 1 time every day to relieve diarrhea and stay 10 ~ 20 minutes. (2) Acupoint application: 3g of cinnamon, 8g of sulfur 1 8g, 9g of borneol, and 0g of garlic1piece, mashed with * * * and added with appropriate amount of medicine, and applied to bilateral Yongquan points. (3) Acupoint injection: Select the most acupoints on both sides, extract 2 ~ 4 ml of Houttuynia cordata injection with a No.5 needle syringe, quickly and vertically penetrate into the acupoints for about 0.5 cm, and then slowly penetrate into the acupoints for about 1cm, and the liquid medicine will not return to blood after deep injection. During hemoptysis, 2 ml of Houttuynia cordata injection was injected into each point, three times a day, and 3 days was 1 course of treatment. Once a day after the cessation of hemoptysis, the dosage is the same as above, and bilateral acupoint injection or alternate injection every other day is used to consolidate treatment for 2 ~ 3 days.
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What causes bronchiectasis?
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bronchiectasis