Male reproductive system examination (testis, epididymis, vas deferens, spermatic vein, penis, foreskin, urethral orifice, etc.). ) and secondary sexual characteristics (beard, Adam's apple, breast, pubic hair, etc.). ). Suitable for every infertile patient.
Second, semen examination
Semen examination is the most important basis for evaluating male fertility. There are many semen examination items, including routine semen analysis, sperm morphological staining analysis, sperm acrosome reaction analysis, sperm nuclear DNA fragment analysis, anti-sperm antibody (AsAb) detection, seminal plasma biochemical analysis, semen infectivity index analysis and so on.
Third, serum sex hormone detection
It mainly includes testosterone (T), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL) and estradiol (E2). It is suitable for patients with azoospermia, severe oligozoospermia and sexual dysfunction.
Fourth, B-ultrasound examination
1. Ultrasound examination of scrotum and its contents: suitable for patients suspected of varicocele, testicular or epididymal diseases;
2. Transrectal ultrasound: check prostate, seminal vesicle and ejaculatory duct, which is suitable for patients with azoospermia, severe oligozoospermia, oligozoospermia or hemospermia.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) gene check
Karyotype analysis of peripheral blood is suitable for patients with azoospermia, severe oligozoospermia, primary testicular dysplasia, unexplained abortion and embryo abortion. Y chromosome microdeletion detection is suitable for azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia patients.
Six, seminal vesicle and vas deferens angiography
It is traumatic and risky, and is suitable for infertile patients who are suspected of having ejaculatory duct or vas deferens obstruction and are ready for surgery.
Seven, testicular biopsy
The main surgical methods include needle puncture, biopsy gun puncture and open biopsy to understand the spermatogenic function of testis. It is mainly used for azoospermia patients, especially those who are going to do IVF or vasectomy.