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A general term for algae, usually attached to the seabed or some solid structure, such as green algae, red algae, brown algae, etc. Its root fixator only has a fixing effect and cannot absorb nutrition. Algae tend to form thin sheets in shallow water. An obvious belt is formed on the shore with a water depth of 50 meters (about 165 feet). Algae growing on the high tide line are often exposed to the air; Algae below the low tide line can't be exposed to the air for a long time, so they can't grow near the coast, such as fucoidan, macroalgae, neuroalgae, kelp, etc. They can only breed below 18℃(64℉) and only distribute in cold water.
Common brown algae include brown algae, Sargassum and fucus. Some large seaweeds and ascomycetes in the Pacific and Antarctic regions are the largest seaweeds, with a length of more than 33 meters (100 feet). The Pacific coast and the British Isles are rich in kelp. Sargassum is common in Gulf Stream and the sargasso sea, and it is a free-floating substance. Its shape is different from other algae, and it looks like a branch with leaves and berries. Berries are actually hollow air sacs that make leaflike bodies float on the water. F. vesiculosis, which is common in the intertidal zone of the British Isles, also floats through airbags.
Common red algae include Porphyra yezoensis, laver, agar and carrageenan. Rhodymenia palmata, the palm leaf of the North Atlantic, is purplish red, composed of flat solitary or clustered bacteria, with a fan-shaped appearance and divided into many bifurcated lobes. At low tide, the lower part of the intertidal zone on the rocky coast of the Atlantic Ocean is covered with various carrageenans. In spring and summer, there are many lavers below the high tide line in the intertidal zone of the British Isles and Japan. Gelidium is used to make agar. There are few green algae in seaweed, and Ulva is one of them. Seaweed has important economic value, such as Porphyra yezoensis, Sargassum, Ulva, etc. It is used as food all over the world, and brown algae is often used as fertilizer.
A single plant or a long list of simple plants composed of basic cells. A large number of aquatic plants cannot produce stems or leaves when they appear. The most common macroalgae is seaweed.
This product is dried seaweed (turn. )C. Ag。 Or Sargassum fusiforme (Harv. )Setch。 Sargassum family The former is called "big leaf" and the latter is called "small leaf". Fishing in summer and autumn, removing impurities, washing and drying.
Seaweed is Sargassum schizophyllum. ) Sargassum family.
C. silver tender algae, also known as seaweed and seaweed. The algae body is dark brown, 50 cm to 1 m or more. grow
On rocks in the low tide zone. Distributed in the southeast coast of China.
Seaweed tender seaweed contains 165438+ 0.3g of water, 4.2g of protein, and 0.8g of fat, which is carbohydrate.
56.9 g of compound, 7270 mg of calcium, 92 mg of iron and 326 mg of iodine.
Porphyra is salty and cold, and has the effects of clearing away heat, softening and resolving hard mass. It is not suitable for people with spleen and stomach deficiency and cold.
morphological character
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The big leaves are dry and curly, dark brown, and some are frosty, 30 ~ 60 cm long. The trunk is cylindrical with conical protrusions, the main branches are born on both sides of the trunk, and the lateral branches are born in the axils of the main branches with short spines. The primary leaves are lanceolate or obovate, 5 ~ 7 cm long and 65438 0 cm wide, and the whole leaves are roughly serrated; The secondary leaves are strip-shaped or lanceolate, and there are branchlets with strip-shaped leaves between the axils. Balloons are dark brown, spherical or ovoid, some with handles, the top is blunt and round, and some with thin and short tips. Crispy, soft when wet; Swelling after soaking, the meat is sticky. The smell is fishy and slightly salty.
Microalgae are small, 15 ~ 40 cm long. Branches alternate, without thorns. The leaves are strip-shaped or spoon-shaped, and the apex is slightly enlarged and hollow. Balloons are axillary, spindle-shaped or spherical with long handles. Hard quality.
Species distribution
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Each algae has its fixed tidal level, which is mainly related to the type and content ratio of pigments. Different pigments need different wavelengths of light, and the distribution of algae is also affected with the change of light intensity and light quality. Generally, in dark places or deep seas, phycoerythrin and phycocyanin can absorb blue light and green light more effectively than chlorophyll, so green algae containing only chlorophyll and carotene mostly live near shallow waters. However, red algae are mostly found near the low tide line and in the deep sea. In addition, topography, sediment, temperature, humidity, salinity, tide, wind and waves, ocean currents, pollutants, animal foraging, competition among algae and other factors will also affect the growth and distribution of algae.
Take the common seaweeds in Taiwan Province Province as an example. From late autumn to early spring, in the splash area where seawater can't be submerged, Nostoc flagelliforme, laver, seaweed and nail vegetables are the main coastal areas in the north and northeast, and Cirsium japonicum, Sphingomonas and sea bream are the main coastal areas in the south and east. These algae are protected by colloid and can endure long-term drought and high temperature. They are often exposed to the sun for three or five days, but they still have not withered and withered, showing strong vitality. But in summer, the drip belt is bare.
The intertidal zone is divided into upper, middle and lower regions according to the change of spring tide and tide. In the upper part of intertidal zone, most of them belong to green algae, such as Ulva membranaceus, tubular hairy or filamentous cladosporium, etc., which can endure strong light irradiation and dry and wet changes of high tide and low tide twice a day, especially in winter and spring, and often form a lush "green carpet" on the platform of marine erosion. In summer, like water droplets, the rocks in this area are mostly bare, but they can still be seen in tidal pools or in the shade.
In the middle of the intertidal zone, brown algae are the main species, supplemented by green algae. Ascomycetes, Volvariella volvacea, polyploid, Sargassum, Ulva, Echinococcus and so on are common in winter and spring. Especially where the waves beat in March and April, there are the most kelp in the north, and most of these algae disappear in summer and autumn.
In the lower intertidal zone and near the low tide line, red algae are dominant. Common Sargassum, Sargassum, Gracilaria lemaneiformis, Taxodium ascendens, carrageenan and Stipa stolonifera. Especially in the area near the low tide line, coral algae, edge spore algae, cauliflower, fern, Sargassum, cornucopia and centipede algae are the most common. These algae can endure the direct beating of waves and the impact of ocean currents. Among them, coral algae and marginal algae can absorb lime from seawater and accumulate it in the body. On the one hand, they can strengthen bones and resist water flow, on the other hand, they can reduce the proportion of organic matter in the body, make other marine life dislike eating, and also contribute to the construction of coral reefs.
These colorful algae in the intertidal zone gradually disappear in summer, but under the intertidal zone and in the subtidal zone covered by seawater, all kinds of algae can be seen all year round. Common seaweed, pine algae, ferns, fungus, cauliflower, cockscomb, eucheuma, seaweed, centipede, etc. Sargassum, in particular, often grows in large numbers in June and July, forming a small the sargasso sea.
Growth habit
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It grows in the shallow sea area below the low tide line-where the ocean meets the land, where the impact of waves is relatively mild, the seawater is rich in minerals and the sunshine is abundant. Both red algae and brown algae of different colors contain chlorophyll, which can be used for photosynthesis to make food. When they carry out photosynthesis, the oxygen released is indispensable for animals to breathe. Seaweed plays an important role in making the marine world so colorful and lively.
Algae propagation
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Although algae have no flowers, fruits, seeds and other structures to reproduce, they have various reproduction methods to adapt to the environment. In asexual reproduction, some cells can be directly divided into two parts, such as Spirogyra, which can be divided into several segments, and each segment will grow into an independent individual; Some algae can produce many flagellated spores that can swim freely, and each spore grows into a new individual when it matures; When the environment is bad, some algae can produce thick-walled resting spore, and when the environment is suitable, they will germinate and grow into new individuals. In sexual reproduction, some algae can produce female and male gametes and grow into new individuals after mating.
In the life of algae, asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction often alternate regularly, forming a complex life history. For example, laver and kelp, which we often eat, have different growth forms of sporophyte and gametophyte. Spore produces spores, and gametophyte produces female and male gametes, which is called "generation alternation".
Seaweed composition
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Protein in seaweed
Seaweed contains a special kind of protein, called glycoprotein, which has affinity for specific sugars, rather than combining with them. Glucagon is a kind of lectin, because it can cause cell sedimentation when combined with cell membrane sugar molecules. Glycophilic proteins are ubiquitous in terrestrial animals, plants and microorganisms, especially in leguminous seeds. Glycophilic proteins play an important role in biological defense, growth, reproduction, nutrient storage and biological life through their characteristics of recognizing sugar. Glycophilic proteins can also be used in blood cell separation and detection, drug carriers, immune antibody production and medical use of anticancer drugs.
It was not until 1966 that algae contained agglutinating active substances. Subsequent studies have found that glycophorin of algae can not only agglutinate red blood cells, tumor cells, lymphocytes, yeast, marine bacteria and unicellular cyanobacteria, but also promote lymphocyte division in mice and humans. Some red algae, such as ginger, Gracilaria lemaneiformis, pig excrement beans, spirulina, etc., have this effect. Algae glycoprotein can activate lymphocytes and is closely related to immune function.
Subsequent studies have found that some trehalose proteins can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells, such as leukemia cell lines and mouse breast cancer cells. Another example is the combination of staining and cancer cells, so that we can diagnose or track the division and metastasis of cancer cells in the human body. The application and research of trehalose protein outside Taiwan Province Province in human health care and medicine is still in its infancy, and polysaccharide is not mature, so it needs active research and development.
It can be expected that phycoerythrin has great potential in the future clinical application of immune system function diagnosis, tumor formation and metastasis. However, the screening of algae active species should be strengthened first, and then glycoprotein should be isolated and purified, and its biochemical characteristics and structure should be analyzed, so as to provide basis for subsequent research and expand its future application and improve its value in medical care.
Polysaccharides in seaweed
The substances in seaweed that can enhance immunity and resist cancer belong to special polysaccharides, protein, lipids, pigments and low molecular substances. In Chinese medicine, several kinds of brown algae can be used to prevent and treat cancer after cooking. The main component of this hot water extract is polysaccharide.
Seaweed is rich in dietary fiber and belongs to sulfated polysaccharide or acidic polysaccharide. In addition to the above functions, some dietary fibers also have anti-cancer activity. Carrageenan from red algae is a polymer of sulfated galactose, which has immune enhancement and anticancer activity. Carrageenan mainly comes from carrageenan, Taxodium ascendens, Eucheuma, Sargassum and Ginkgo biloba. Porphyrin and cloth paste are also sulfated polysaccharides with anticancer activity. The former comes from laver, and the latter is mainly galactose polymer of sea radish.
Fucoidan sulfate in brown algae is the most studied compound among the anti-tumor and anticoagulant active components in seaweed. The experimental results show that the monosaccharide has the effects of anti-tumor and prolonging the life of mice. A variety of brown algae, such as fucoidan from Undaria pinnatifida and Sargassum, can also inhibit tumors and enhance the immune antibody function of mice. Alginate is the main component of the cell wall of brown algae, and its anticancer activity is related to mannuronic acid and guluronic acid. Some people think that the anti-cancer mechanism of alginate may be related to the enhanced activity of phagocytes and interferon, which indirectly induces the immune response of protein cells and affects the activity of lymphocytes.
Dietary fiber in seaweed
Dietary fiber is a macromolecule with polysaccharide structure, which is the main component of seaweed cell wall and also distributed in the intercellular space. The dietary fiber of red algae and brown algae is rich and diverse, and most of them are water-soluble. The content and structure of fiber vary with the species of algae. The fiber composition of green algae is almost the same as that of terrestrial plants, mainly cellulose, but red algae is watercress, carrageenan and cloth paste, and brown algae is alginic acid, fucoidan and kelp sugar. Generally, the fiber content of seaweed is about 30 ~ 65% of the dry weight, which is much higher than the average content of beans, grains, vegetables and fruits.
What is the use of dietary fiber for human health care? Taking animal experiments as an example, adding alginic acid to feed can improve the symptoms of hyperlipidemia in mice and inhibit the increase of blood cholesterol content; Carrageenan and watercress can combine with cholesterol and regulate blood sugar. Therefore, moderately increasing the intake of seaweed fiber can reduce blood pressure, blood cholesterol and blood sugar, contribute to the normal law of heart and blood vessels, and prevent cancer. In addition, seaweed food fiber swells after entering the human gastrointestinal tract due to water absorption, which is easy to cause satiety, avoid obesity caused by excessive food intake, and achieve the effect of weight loss and health care. In the human body, dietary fiber can help digestion and promote waste excretion, avoid the growth of harmful bacteria in the body, and has the function of intestinal regulation.
Vitamins in seaweed
When a certain vitamin is insufficient or deficient, it will cause metabolic disorder or disease. Seaweed contains many vitamins, mainly vitamins B 12, C and E, biotin and nicotinic acid. Insufficient vitamin B 12 will lead to long-term pain, anemia, fatigue and even mental disorder. Although this vitamin is not much in seaweed, it is widely distributed in various algae.
Vitamin C is related to more than 70 diseases such as septicemia, cancer, heart disease and weight loss. Porphyra yezoensis, reticulate algae, Undaria pinnatifida, Enteromorpha prolifera and other seaweeds are rich in vitamin C, which can reach 3 ~ 10 mg/g algae dry weight, not inferior to many vegetables and fruits.
Vitamin E is related to the treatment of more than 45 diseases, including skin, muscle, hearing, vision, cancer and heart disease. This vitamin can protect the liver and avoid the damage caused by excessive fatigue. Generally speaking, the content of vitamin E in algae is below 100 micrograms per gram of algae dry weight, but it is as high as 600 micrograms per gram of algae dry weight in fuciforms. Vitamins C and E also have antioxidant effects, which can prevent unsaturated fatty acids from being attacked by peroxides.
Nicotinic acid is also widely found in various seaweeds and used to treat arthritis, migraine and insomnia. Seaweed also contains biotin, which helps to regulate fat metabolism. Some algae also contain vitamins B 1, B2, D, A and K, and these trace vitamins also have their specific functions.
Inorganic elements in seaweed
Seawater contains more than 45 kinds of inorganic elements, and seaweed grows in seawater and absorbs inorganic elements as nutrition every day, so seaweed contains more natural inorganic elements than land plants, which can provide human needs.
Among the inorganic elements in seaweed, sodium, potassium, iron and calcium are the most abundant. Iron is a component of heme, and iron deficiency is one of the causes of anemia. Calcium is a component of human bones and teeth, and it is also needed to maintain the normal function of cell membrane. But calcium is lost every day, so it must be supplemented, especially for growing children. Many seaweeds, such as ferns, Gracilaria lemaneiformis, Alsophila brownii, Cladosporium and Reticulatum, contain a lot of iron and calcium, which can be taken in to supplement the deficiency. For another example, iodine deficiency in human body can cause abnormal thyroid function, and kelp contains a lot of iodine, which can provide the needed.
Some algae contain a lot of magnesium, which can relieve stress and avoid heart disease caused by stress. Seaweed contains trace amounts of copper, zinc and manganese. Excessive use of these three trace elements in human body will cause poisoning, but if it cannot be maintained in proper amount in the liver, the liver will be damaged. Copper can also affect the absorption of iron, while manganese is related to blood sugar and epilepsy. If the human body lacks the above-mentioned macro and trace elements, it needs to be supplemented appropriately. Daily intake of seaweed can supplement various inorganic elements.
Amino acids and fatty acids in seaweed
Some edible seaweeds, such as Porphyra yezoensis, Palmetto, Ulva lactuca, Quercus variabilis, etc., have a high content of protein, accounting for about 20-39% of the dry weight of algae. Seaweed contains more than 20 kinds of essential amino acids. It is important that most species contain thioamino acids, such as taurine, methionine, cystine and their derivatives, and the content of algae per100g dry weight is about 465,438+0 ~ 72 mg. Except milk, eggs and beans contain a lot of taurine, the thiamine-containing acids in protein, a common land food, are mostly insufficient or lacking, and insufficient intake will affect human health.
Taurine is related to the normal regulation of heartbeat, brain chemistry, nerve cells and vision, while methionine and cystine can chelate heavy metals, and their sulfur and hydrogen combine to form sulfhydryl groups, which have detoxification effect. Taurine contributes to the digestion of fat, inhibits the increase of cholesterol content in blood and liver, and improves patients with high cholesterol. Red algae generally contain more thioamino acids than green algae and brown algae; The content of taurine in laver, seaweed, kelp, Ulva and carrageenan is high, and the content of taurine in seaweed can reach 400 mg per 100 g. Methionine and cystine exist in Ulva, Lycopodium, Enteromorpha, Scolopendra, Porphyra, Chondrophyta, Arthrobacter, Kelp and Fucus. Eating these seaweeds can provide special amino acids needed by human body.
The fatty acid content of seaweed is very small, accounting for about 1 ~ 5%, but some special fatty acids have great influence on human health. Seaweed contains a small amount of saturated fatty acids, such as palmitic acid, myristic acid, lauric acid and stearic acid, which are common in animals and higher plants. Most of them are unsaturated fatty acids, such as kelp, Sargassum fusiforme and Undaria pinnatifida, which contain oleic acid, linolenic acid and low linolenic acid. The latter two are essential unsaturated fatty acids for human body.
Generally speaking, red algae contain more highly unsaturated fatty acids than green algae and brown algae, especially 20 C 5 alkene fatty acids (EPA). According to the analysis, seaweed such as laver, kelp and Sargassum contains more EPA. This fatty acid is usually found in fish oil of deep-sea fish, which not only helps to lower blood pressure, heartbeat and relieve stress, but also inhibits the increase of blood cholesterol and platelet aggregation, prevents thrombosis and myocardial infarction, and has a preventive effect on circulatory diseases.
Chemical application
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Chemical products made of seaweed. 1670, Japan invented the method of producing agar from red algae and started the production of seaweed gum. In the late 1950s, China began to study the comprehensive utilization of fucoidan, mannitol and iodine extracted from kelp, and put it into industrial production in the late 1960s. Seaweed processing products mainly include red algae colloid products and brown algae chemical products.
carrageenin
The basic chemical composition of red algae gum is galactose gum composed of galactose. Different types of red algae contain different configurations and conformations of galactose in colloid, and the number and binding position of sulfate groups are also different, so the properties of various products are also different. The main products are: ① agar. Also called agar and freeze-dried powder. A seaweed polysaccharide extracted from red algae such as Gracilaria and Gracilaria with hot water. Heated to about 90℃, it becomes sol, and cooled to about 30℃, it becomes gel with high strength. Agar consists of neutral agarose and a series of continuous sulfated agar. Processing methods mainly include natural freeze-drying method and mechanical processing method. Agar is mainly used as coagulant for soft candy and canned products, stabilizer and emulsifier for cold drinks in food industry. Medically used as culture medium, laxative, etc. ② Carrageenan. Gum extracted from red algae with hot water, such as carrageenan. After treatment, its glue solution can be divided into two parts: precipitated and non-precipitated, which are called K- carrageenan and λ-carrageenan respectively. Among them, part K has strong curing ability, and carrageenan produced industrially is a mixture of the two. Production methods include drying, isopropanol dehydration and alkali pretreatment. The use method is basically the same as agar. ③ Red algae gum. Hot water extraction of polysaccharide from red algae. This kind of algae is common in the North Atlantic. The main chemical structure of fucoidan is similar to K- carrageenan. Similar to carrageenan, it is mostly used in food industry. ④ Hairy gums. Gum contained in red algae of Serra. The otter is heated with water and stirred for extraction, and the filtrate and dye can be directly mixed into printing paste for use.
mannitol
The main chemical products of brown algae are alginate, iodine and mannitol. Algin is a water-soluble high-viscosity colloid extracted from brown algae such as kelp with alkali, and it is an intercellular polysaccharide existing in all brown algae. Alginate includes ammonium, sodium and potassium salts of water-soluble alginic acid, and water-insoluble alginic acid and its divalent metal salts such as calcium and iron. Generally speaking, alginate mainly refers to sodium alginate. Mainly used in food industry as stabilizer, thickener, jelly and other frozen forming agents; Used as emulsifier, tablet disintegrant, hemostatic gauze and so on in medicine and health. Some fucoidan can prevent animals from absorbing radioactive strontium. Adding acid and oxidant into the water soaking solution of kelp to make iodine free, adsorbing iodine with anion exchange resin, and introducing reducing agent for desorption, oxidation and refining to obtain medical iodine. Alkali is added to the liquid flowing from the exchange resin column to remove insoluble substances, and then mannitol is obtained through electrodialysis, desalination, concentration and crystallization. Iodine is widely used in people's life, medicine and health, national defense industry and agriculture. Mannitol can be used as injection and oral medicine to treat diseases such as eye, brain, diabetes and hypertension. Its derivatives can be used as emulsifiers and in the manufacture of foams, explosives, etc.
Algae efficacy
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Seaweed refers to large algae that grow in intertidal and subtidal zones and are visible to the naked eye. It usually includes green algae, brown algae and red algae. In ancient China and Japan, there is evidence that seaweed was used as food. Ancient medical books, including Compendium of Materia Medica, Compendium of Materia Medica, Herbal Medicine, etc., all recorded the treatment of various diseases with seaweed.
Such as common Ulva, reef algae, etc., have antipyretic and therapeutic effects on cough, excessive phlegm, edema and urinary tract obstruction. Kelp and Sargassum can not only cure goiter, but also lower blood pressure, blood lipid, blood sugar and anticoagulation. Porphyra has the effects of preventing hypertension, resisting aging and prolonging life. "Compendium of Materia Medica" mentioned that "the disease of scabies and lumps should be eaten with laver regularly ..."; Eucheuma can treat bronchitis, asthma, phlegm and blood stasis, and animal experiments also show that it can reduce serum cholesterol content; Gynostemma pentaphyllum and echinochloa echinacea have the effect of expelling ascaris. In addition, there are many kinds of algae, which have different pharmacological effects and clinical uses according to their chemical composition.
Seaweed is also a traditional medicine in Indonesia and other Southeast Asian countries, which is used to reduce fever and treat cough, asthma, hemorrhoids, runny nose, gastrointestinal discomfort and urinary system diseases. Japanese people like to eat seaweed to strengthen their anti-cancer and anti-tumor ability, which can effectively improve the symptoms of diabetes and relieve stress.
Sargassum in English
Characteristic big leaves are wrinkled and curly, dark brown, and some are frosty, 30 ~ 60 cm long. The trunk is cylindrical with conical protrusions, the main branches are born on both sides of the trunk, and the lateral branches are born in the axils of the main branches with short spines. The primary leaves are lanceolate or obovate, 5 ~ 7 cm long and 65438 0 cm wide, and the whole leaves are roughly serrated; The secondary leaves are strip-shaped or lanceolate, and there are branchlets with strip-shaped leaves between the axils. Balloons are dark brown, spherical or ovoid, some with handles, the top is blunt and round, and some with thin and short tips. Crispy, soft when wet; Swelling after soaking, the meat is sticky. The smell is fishy and slightly salty.
Microalgae are small, 15 ~ 40 cm long. Branches alternate, without thorns. The leaves are strip-shaped or spoon-shaped, and the apex is slightly enlarged and hollow. Balloons are axillary, spindle-shaped or spherical with long handles. Hard quality.
Method: remove impurities, wash, cool slightly, cut into sections and dry in the sun.
Identification Take this product 1g, slice it, add 20ml of water, soak it in cold water for several hours, filter it, concentrate the filtrate to 3 ~ 5ml, and add 3 drops of ferric chloride test solution to generate brown precipitate.
Usage and dosage: 6 ~ 12g.
Store in a dry place.
Sexual taste, bitter channel tropism, salty and cold. Liver, stomach and kidney meridians entered.
Functions and indications: softening and resolving hard mass, eliminating phlegm and promoting diuresis. Used for swelling and pain, carbuncle, testicular swelling and pain, phlegm and edema.
Precautions should not be used with licorice. If the stomach is cold, people who are afraid of cold should eat carefully.
Every 100g nutrient contains 1 1.3g water, 4.2g protein, 0.8g fat, 56.9g carbohydrate, 7270 mg calcium, 92mg iron, alginic acid, seaweed polysaccharide and mannitol.
Selected document
Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica: "Main thin tumor, cervical nucleus, stagnation of qi, carbuncle swelling, cancer and stagnation of qi, abdominal stagnation and edema."
Records of Famous Doctors: "Treating skin stagnation, sudden collapse, qi stagnation, heat depression and dysuria"
Theory of medicinal properties: "Treat hernia, pain and nuclear swelling."
Materia Medica for Dietotherapy: "The main reason is that men are yin qi, and regular eating can eliminate men's diseases."
Cultural appreciation
Folklore: Sargassum was born in Shanghai and Silla (present-day Korea), and its leaves are as big as algae. Silla pays tribute to it and is deeply favored. The people call it: "seaweed was originally grass in the sea, and it can also be regarded as a treasure in the palace." Metaphor does not judge a book by its cover.
It is the whole grass of Sargassum (Sargassum macrophylla) and Sargassum fusiforme (Sargassum microphylla). Originated in the coastal areas of the United States, Canada, Mexico and Australia, it was discovered in the early 20th century and also has important edible value. It not only contains 10 kinds of amino acids, minerals and vitamins, but also contains many trace elements and a lot of iodine, mannitol and alginate.
food therapy
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1. Anti-virus, anti-cancer and anti-cancer seaweed extract proteoglycan can fight against many viruses, including AIDS virus and carcinogenic RNA virus.
2. Prevention of leukemia Alginate can combine with radioactive element strontium to form insoluble matter, so that strontium will not cause leukemia in the body.
3. Large dose of seaweed (0.75g/kg) has obvious and lasting hypotensive effect on anesthetized dogs and rabbits, and aqueous solution is stronger than tincture. Large doses of sodium alginate can also temporarily lower the blood pressure of animals (while moderate doses can temporarily raise blood pressure).
4. The iodine contained in anti-hyperthyroidism seaweed can be used to correct thyroid dysfunction caused by iron iodine, and at the same time, it can temporarily inhibit the metabolic rate of hyperthyroidism and relieve symptoms, but it can't last too long and is only used as preoperative preparation.
Recently, when analyzing the causes of breast cancer, a group of scientists found that the incidence of breast cancer in Japanese women is low, which is related to their long-term habit of eating seaweed food (because Japan is surrounded by the sea). Experiments show that 60% of edible seaweed in the Sea of Japan has anti-leukemia effect.
Nutritional analysis
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1. Seaweed contains a lot of iodine, which can obviously reduce the cholesterol content in blood. Eating regularly is beneficial to maintain the function of cardiovascular system and make blood vessels elastic, thus ensuring the normal supply of skin nutrition.
2. Seaweed is rich in methionine and cystine, which can prevent dry skin. Regular eating can also make dry skin shiny, and oily skin can improve oil secretion.
3. Seaweed is rich in vitamins, which can maintain the healthy growth of epithelial tissue and reduce pigment spots.
4. Anti-virus, anti-cancer and anti-cancer seaweed extract proteoglycan can fight against many viruses, including AIDS virus and carcinogenic RNA virus.
5. Preventing leukemia Alginic acid can combine with radioactive element strontium to form insoluble matter and excrete it, so that strontium will not cause leukemia in the body.
6. Large dose of seaweed (0.75g/kg) has obvious and lasting hypotensive effect on anesthetized dogs and rabbits, and aqueous solution is stronger than tincture. If a large dose of sodium alginate is used, the blood pressure of animals can be temporarily reduced (while the blood pressure will temporarily increase moderately).
7. Iodine contained in anti-hyperthyroidism seaweed can be used to correct thyroid dysfunction caused by iron iodine, and at the same time, it can temporarily inhibit the metabolic rate of hyperthyroidism and relieve symptoms, but it can't last long, and it is only used as preoperative preparation.
Suitable crowd
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Suitable for ordinary people.
1. Especially suitable for iodine deficiency;
2. Suitable for patients with lymphadenopathy, goiter, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis, dieters and cancer;
3. People with spleen and stomach deficiency and cold should not eat.
Grams of food stage
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Seaweed cannot be eaten with licorice.
Healthy diet
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As a dry product, seaweed should be soaked for a short time before eating, then steamed, washed, shredded, stewed with pork, or stewed with tofu. The eating method is the same as kelp.
Example 1 9 kg glycine and 3 kg salt were dissolved in 60 liters of water, heated to 85℃, soaked in kelp for 4 minutes, then taken out and dried with hot air at 60 ~ 70℃. This dry taste is beautiful and soft, far better than untreated kelp, and it is suitable for occasional food or direct eating on the table.
Example 2 The marinated kelp of Example 1 was stewed with appropriate amount of soy sauce and sugar to make cooked food (traditional Japanese food). Soft products can be obtained by using hard tissue kelp or good quality kelp as raw materials.
Example 3 Glycine 1.5 kg was dissolved in 50 liters of water, heated to 90℃, soaked in kelp 1 hour, taken out and dried with hot air at 60 ~ 70℃. The softness of the product is the same as that of Example 1, but the taste is poor. In addition, in example 1, if no salt is added, the central part of kelp has not softened, and its surface and edge are broken. However, if salt was added in Example 3, kelp hardly softened.
Example 4 5 kg of glycine dissolved in 100 liter of water was heated to 60℃. Soak 10 kg dried Undaria pinnatifida in this solution for 30 minutes, then take it out and dry it with hot air at 60 ~ 70℃.
Dry, the product can be eaten. Or soaking, taking out, adding soy sauce and sugar, stewing, and making into side dishes or cooked food.
Example 5: 5 kg glycine was dissolved in 100 liter of water and heated to 30℃. Soak 65438±00kg dried Sargassum fusiforme in this solution for 65438 05 minutes, take it out and dry it with hot air at 60 ~ 70℃. Or take it out and stew it with soy sauce and sugar to make a side dish or cooked food.
Example 6: Dissolve 3kg glycine in 65,438+000 liters of water, soak brown kelp at room temperature for 65,438+05min, take it out and dry it with hot air at 60 ~ 70℃, or bake it with soy sauce and sugar to make side dishes or cooked food.
Example 4-6 is a method of softening edible algae other than kelp. If these edible seaweeds are treated with high concentration glycine and high temperature, their skins will be excessively softened and their interiors will be uneven. Therefore, it is ideal to treat this kind of algae with low concentration cryogenic liquid. Moreover, compared with unprocessed food, processed food can greatly shorten the time of eating and conditioning, and glycine can improve its taste and become a very good delicious food.