Second, the main service targets and areas
(1) customers
Social work in the field of women, marriage and family mainly serves women and family members with special problems or difficulties. From the perspective of women, although the status of women in China has been greatly improved, due to the influence of traditional culture and the complex environment of social transformation, many women are facing the problems of difficult rights protection, poverty and employment.
1. Women with special problems or difficulties
? Single mother? It is an important service object in the practical field of women, marriage and family social work. Jiaxing, Zhejiang, June 2009 5438+February? Single mother? Family social work service is the first project for single mothers in China. At the end of 2008, the Shanghai Pudong New Area Women's Federation was headquartered in Weifang. Single mother? , Lin San? Foreign daughter-in-law and Chuansha? Stable mom? Three types of crisis families are designed for customers? Family professional social work service? Project. Established in Zhuhai in 2008? Zhuhai Cooperative Home? For migrant women workers working in industrial parks, Shenzhen Pengxing's anti-domestic violence project focuses on the victims of violence.
2. Ordinary women
The main purpose of social work in the field of women, marriage and family is to enhance the awareness of independence and rights protection of ordinary women and their potential.
In 2008, Guangdong Province allocated100000 yuan to Guangdong Women's Federation. Guangdong Women Rights Protection and Information Service Station? The project was officially launched, and service stations were set up in 8 places including Shantou, Foshan, Meizhou, Dongguan, Zhongshan, Zhanjiang, Xinyi and Provincial Women and Children Activity Center. This project is dedicated to providing marriage adjustment, legal consultation, psychological consultation, family mediation, legal popularization and other services for women and families. It is the first time that the Guangdong Women's Federation has integrated the organizational advantages of the Women's Federation with the professional advantages of social work, and it is the first public service post dedicated to women's rights protection and information services undertaken by the Women's Federation in China. 20 12 Yangpu Women's Federation cooperated with Shanghai Haixing Jiayuan Social Work Office to introduce social work into the work of traditional women's federations. Yuan Dongli-female? Family growth? The public service project was officially launched. The project takes disadvantaged women and their families as service groups, and women's empowerment drives family empowerment.
3. Other members of the family
In Haining, Zhejiang? Lost family? Bringing warmth to parents who have lost their children and providing physical and mental health services are a highlight of the project. In many projects, we also pay attention to the parent-child relationship and the improvement of parents' educational ability. Like Shenzhen? Sunshine? The series was created? Sunshine parents? Public welfare project, providing scientific parenting guidance services, Nanjing? Home station? The project also provides services for parents by organizing parent schools or holiday schools. In the anti-domestic violence project in Pengxing, Shenzhen, men who are abusers and children who witness domestic violence become the clients. Dongguan, Guangdong? Magnolia Family Service Center? At the same time, the Magnolia Love Attack Team was established to help vulnerable groups such as single-parent families, families with financial difficulties, widowed elderly people and new Wan Ren families, establish love files and provide professional services.
(ii) Major areas
1. Marriage field
In the transitional period, China's marriage has encountered an unprecedented crisis, and marital conflicts, extramarital affairs, divorce and other events have constantly impacted the traditional marriage. Many social work practices are aimed at many problems in the field of marriage. The anti-domestic violence social worker assistance project of Shenzhen Pengxing Social Work Service mainly aims at marital violence. 2012165438+1October 20th, the carnation women's in-depth service project was launched in Baiyun District, becoming the first special service for marriage and family purchased by the government in Guangzhou. The Marriage and Family Work Committee of China Social Workers Association is a national public welfare organization with industry characteristics, which is officially registered by the Ministry of Civil Affairs and engaged in marriage and family social work and related services. Home and engineering? The social work service project was officially launched by the Association on 20 1 1 and became the main social work service project of the Association. Among them, Wei Qing Social Work Office is the key work item of the Marriage and Family Working Committee of China Social Workers Association of the Ministry of Civil Affairs. Maintain love first, then defend rights? The concept, dedicated to? Intervene in the divorce crisis, optimize the relationship between husband and wife, conclude a happy marriage, create a happy family and build a harmonious society? At present, a number of Wei Qing social work offices have been established in Shanxi, Beijing and Shanghai, where full-time staff provide emotional mediation and legal aid services for people preparing for divorce. The development of social work in the field of marriage has provided services for thousands of individuals and families suffering from marriage crisis in Qian Qian, alleviated their marriage problems to a certain extent, and done a lot of useful work to alleviate social contradictions.
2. Family field
Families in the transitional period have encountered an unprecedented crisis, with the deterioration of family relations and frequent domestic violence. The problems of single-parent families brought about by the rising divorce rate and family crises such as families who lost their independence due to special national policies urgently need professional services of social work.
In recent years, social work practice has also carried out many services to the family field, such as Haining City, Zhejiang Province, at the beginning of 20 13, for families who lost their independence. Operation carnation? ; Xiamen, Fujian Social work services to assist single-parent families? Waiting is a service for specific family problems. In view of the problems existing in the family field, a comprehensive practical work has been carried out in reality. Tianjin 200 1? Half the sky home? Cooperate with Beijing Hongfeng Women's Psychological Counseling Service Center? Community intervention in family problems? A variety of services are being implemented in the pilot project; Dongguan Women's Federation was established in 2009, and the Yulan Family Service Center launched by Shenzhen Women's Federation in 2007? Sunshine? Are there any services for families in the series? Sunshine Family Integrated Service Center? , 20 1 1 Beijing? Family comprehensive service project? , 20 1 1 Guangzhou Haizhu District Women's Federation? 386 1 my home? , 20 13 Nanjing Women's Federation? Home station? Projects, etc. , Hope Social Work Service Center of Huli District, Xiamen held 20 13? Social work services to assist single-parent families? All these services are aimed at various family problems, covering a wide range and benefiting thousands of ordinary families in Qian Qian.
Third, the service mode and main mode
(1) Mode of service
From the practice of social work on women, marriage and family, all projects use three traditional methods of social work. In addition, psychological counseling and other methods are also used in social work practice. Details are as follows.
1. Case work method
Shenzhen Pengxing's anti-domestic violence social worker support project provides crisis intervention services for people affected by domestic violence, actively contacts and cares for families in need, and provides them with long-term case follow-up consultation services. Shanghai? Family professional social work service? By the end of 20 13, the project has been completed 108 case consultation.
20 10, Shanxi as? Home and engineering? In the pilot base, Wei Qing Social Work Office was established in China for the first time. Seven professional social workers and psychological counselors with many years of service experience are sent to be on duty in the court regularly to guide individuals and families through psychological counseling. If the case is found to need further follow-up, it will be submitted to the Women's Research Association for further case intervention. Through this method, many cases have been followed up and evaluated for a long time, and good results have been achieved.
2. Working methods of the Working Group
Family professional social work service for single mothers in Jiaxing, Zhejiang? Established? Sunshine Mom Club? Using the method of group work, the project activity plan and monthly activity plan are made for single mothers and announced to the public. Computer learning group, talent show group and parent-child parallel group have been carried out successively. The social worker assistance project of Shenzhen Pengxing Social Work Service organized group activities and workshops for victims and abusers. Shanghai? Family professional social work service? In the project, 10 growth group, 10 treatment group and five mutual aid groups participated in these 25 groups * * * 2 100 person-times and achieved very good results. Guangdong Women's Rights Protection and Information Service Station carries out group activities such as single-parent family group, decompression workshop for sunshine women workers and self-help group for left-behind women to help others and promote women's development.
3. Community work methods
As some scholars have pointed out, community workers can help community women to evaluate their own needs as a whole, find out the key points, acquire skills, develop resources, organize corresponding projects and activities and promote women's development in the process of promoting community development and community resource construction. ? Community work methods have been widely used in social work in the fields of women, marriage and family. The social work service project of Xiamen City, Fujian Province has set up a single-parent family service station in Xinghua Community. Heart language? Single parent family club? , aiming at establishing a platform for mutual assistance and communication for single-parent families in need. Improve yourself and grow up happily? For the purpose of providing members with friendly information, consultation, emotional support, psychological counseling and other services. At the same time, we will hold various activities regularly, such as societies, salons and sororities, to serve single-parent families wholeheartedly.
Yunnan Women's Federation established 20 10 relying on Lian Xin Community Pension Service Center? Yunnan Women's Federation Community Mobile Women and Children Service Demonstration Workstation? Taking people's livelihood as the starting point, the service center helps women and children in the community to solve the most direct and realistic interest problems. They have carried out various activities to help women make a living, such as organizing waste recycling teams and providing sewing and handcraft training courses to help women solve their employment problems. By the end of 20 13, the Yulan Family Service Center led by Dongguan Women's Federation had established 25 service centers, introduced 84 professional social workers, established 46 Yulan Family Service Rooms in villages (communities), contacted 207 social organizations and developed 2,557 volunteers.
4. Psychological counseling and marriage counseling methods
Haining, Zhejiang, for families who have lost their independence? Operation carnation? Then, according to the physical and mental situation of families who have lost their independence, psychological counselors are introduced into the service to carry out related professional services. Shenzhen? Sunshine? Set up a series of service projects? Sunshine Mind Studio? To provide professional services such as psychological counseling, psychological adjustment, psychological counseling and case counseling for the masses. May 20 13, held in Luohu district? Home and engineering? Shenzhen work base, Shenzhen? Jiahexing Marriage Hospital? At the unveiling ceremony, the institution was held by professional emotional counselors, psychological counselors, social workers and other personnel.
(2) Main modes
Since the practice of social work in the field of women, marriage and family in China has been carried out, a working mode led by women's federations, supported by communities and participated by professional institutions has initially taken shape. The three make full use of their respective advantages and complement each other, making the actual work smoother and more effective.
First, the leading role of the Women's Federation. In the representative social work practices of women, marriage and family that we have collected, most of the projects are promoted by women's federations. Shenzhen Women's Federation? Sunshine service series? Jiaxing Women's Federation, Zhejiang Province? Single mother family professional social work service? Guangzhou Zhuhai Women's Federation? Zhuhai Partner Women's Home? Organized by Tianjin Women's Federation? Half the sky home? Is it promoted by Guangdong Dongguan Women's Federation? Magnolia Family Service Center? Led by Shanghai Pudong New Area Women's Federation? Family professional social work service? The project initiated by Guangdong Women's Federation? Guangdong Women Rights Protection and Information Service Station? Project, Guangzhou Haizhu District Women's Federation? 386 1 my home? Project, Beijing Women's Federation? Family comprehensive service project? Nanjing Women's Federation? Family post project? Shanghai Yangpu District Women's Federation? Yuan Dongli-female? Family growth? Public service projects and other projects are promoted by the Women's Federation. In the process of project implementation, women's federations make full use of their original networks and staff to provide more professional and effective services to ordinary individuals and families in the form of social work.
Second, relying on the community platform, social work provides all-round services for female individuals and millions of families in the practice process.
200 1 Launched by Tianjin Women's Federation and Beijing Hongfeng Women's Psychological Counseling Service Center? Community intervention in family problems? The experimental project is located in Danjiangli Community, Yueyahe Street, Hebei District. When the project was established, leaders introduced professional concepts and methods of social work, paid attention to volunteer spirit and gender awareness, and carried out case and group work through psychological consultation, legal consultation and family education to provide professional services for community residents. The project has developed from a community in the first district to more than 570 communities at present, and has also experienced three stages: experimental growth, local promotion and city-wide promotion. Dongguan, Guangdong? Magnolia Family Service Center? Then refer to the experience of family service in Hong Kong to establish? Give priority to women and children, family as a supplement, and community as a foundation? The family service center forms a linkage service model with community organizations. Nanjing? Family comprehensive service project? It is also based on the community as a pilot, focusing on coping with various family crises, focusing on the investigation of various family relationships in the service process, helping children and adolescents grow up healthily and providing related services for empty nesters in the community.
Third, the participation of professional organizations. The participation of professional institutions in the field of women, marriage and family social work has made this practice truly professional and achieved good results. At the end of 2008, Shanghai Public Welfare Social Work Service, the first social work firm in China, won the title of Pudong New Area through bidding. Family professional social worker? The project is an earlier project funded by the government to purchase services from professional social work service agencies and introduce third-party evaluation agencies. Jiaxing Sunshine Family Social Work Office, established in June 5438+February 2009, specializes in single mother projects; ? Zhuhai collaborator? It is a social work professional service organization rooted in Doumen Xinqing Industrial Zone, and then engaged in the service specifically for female workers in the industrial zone; Carnation women's in-depth service project undertaken by Baiyun He Yi Marriage 360 Consulting Center; ? Dawn? Social studio undertakes Haining, Zhejiang Province for families who have lost their families? Operation carnation? ; Shanghai starfish house social work office? Yuan Dongli-female? Family growth? Public service project is a typical case of professional organizations participating in social work practice.
Fourthly, the future prospect of women's marriage and family social work practice.
The practice of social work in the field of women's marriage and family in China, after nearly ten years' development, has experienced the transformation of service mode from scratch, from single to multiple, and the service field is getting wider and wider, which is getting closer to the needs of women's marriage and family. However, the development of social work in the fields of women, marriage and family needs to be strengthened, and the balanced development between regions and the guarantee at the institutional level are the directions that need further efforts. Specifically, social work in the fields of women, marriage and family in the future needs to be carried out in the following aspects in order to achieve better development.
First, adhere to specialization and professional development. From the professional point of view, the teaching content of social work in the field of women, marriage and family is basically in the communication stage, and a perfect internship supervision mechanism has not yet been established. Therefore, it is an important task to reform the existing education system and form a unique localized training program. ? To develop a large-scale team of professional social workers, it is far from meeting the actual needs to rely solely on the professional training of universities. Therefore, providing professional training for relevant employees, improving their professional ability through training, and then engaging in professional services may be an important way to build a contingent of social work professionals in China in the next few years? .
On the other hand, to realize the professionalization of talents in this field, it is necessary to establish and improve social work laws and regulations and improve the supporting system for the professionalization of women, marriage and family social work.
Second, expand the existing service areas and combine remedial, preventive and developmental social work. The existing social work practice of women, marriage and family pays more attention to solving problems after they appear, and preventive and developmental service work is relatively less in this respect. As some scholars have pointed out, family social work should include two modes: one is problem intervention mode, which aims to help families recover their normal functions; The other is the preventive development model, which intervenes in advance before family problems appear, with the goal of improving the family's ability to cope with the environment and strengthening the normal function of the family.
In the future practice, we should combine remedial, preventive and developmental social work practices. At the same time, the original social work services in the fields of women, marriage and family also need to be continuously expanded to meet the diverse needs of women and families.
Third, the support of government policies and the formulation of relevant laws and regulations. Policy support is the biggest driving force for social work to make great strides, and the effective development of social work needs a good operating environment for policies and regulations. We are also looking forward to the early establishment of corresponding family welfare organizations and institutions, from the government to the grassroots community, to form a systematic family welfare service organization structure, and to form an institutional guarantee for the development of women, marriage and family social work. At the same time, we are also looking forward to it? Mainstreaming gender awareness? Being able to truly become the * * * knowledge of the whole society is an important driving force for making important breakthroughs in women's and family social work in the future.
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