In fact, over the years, with the development of telecommunications construction, the contradiction between base stations and residents has always existed. Residents are worried about radiation and are unwilling to set up base stations in their communities or homes. Operators cannot guarantee cell phone signals without base stations. The end result is often that the operator disguises the base station as something harmless to people and animals (such as fake trees), or the operator compensates the residents. It is relatively new for operators to force residents to choose one of them through joint announcements.
Should radiation and signals be preserved? Are the residents' demands reasonable? Why are operators suddenly tough again?
First, is the base station radiation large?
It is well known that the base station has radiation. The question is whether the radiation of the base station affects the health of residents, or whether the base station is a serious radiation source in modern society.
In fact, China's regulations on radio radiation are still very strict. At present, there are two main ways to evaluate the influence of human body on electromagnetic field: First, for portable transmitter products (such as mobile phones and PADs) which are within 20 cm from human body during normal use, the electromagnetic field intensity is determined by the specific absorption rate (SAR), and the unit is usually Watt/kg.
The other is for the fixed desktop transmitter products (such as communication base stations) which are 20 cm away from human body in normal use, the electromagnetic field intensity is determined by calculating the electromagnetic field irradiation on human body, and the unit is usually microwatt/cm2.
In these two aspects, China's management standards are quite strict. The standard of American SAR is 1.6 W/kg, that of Europe is 2.0 W/kg, and that of China is 1.0 W/kg.
As for the base station, China's electromagnetic radiation protection standard (GB8702-88) also stipulates that the radiation exposure limit of the mobile phone frequency band is 40 microwatts /cm2, which lasts for 6 minutes 24 hours a day, while that of the United States is 600 microwatts /cm2, which is exactly 15 times. In the European Union and Japan, it is 450 MW/cm2, which is far higher than the standard in China.
In practice, operators consider the superposition of signals, and the project construction is controlled within 8 microwatts /cm2.
It should be noted that the base station is very high and quite far away from people. The intensity of radiation is inversely proportional to the square of the distance, and the real radiation intensity is far from what people think.
The measurement results of radiation environment monitoring station of Shanghai Environmental Protection Bureau show that there is a residential building about 200 meters away from the base station. The inspectors use the comprehensive field strength instrument to detect the radiation value of the magnetic field. After testing, the average magnetic field radiation of the residential building is 0.38 MW/cm2. For residential buildings with a linear distance of about 100 meters from the base station, the radiation value is 0.4 1 microwatt/cm2. Tested by the inspectors of Radiation Environment Management Station of Hubei Provincial Environmental Protection Department, the radiation value of the top floor residents installed in the base station is 0.3 1 microwatt /cm2.
That is to say, even near the base station, due to the height of the base station tower itself, the radiation received by people is very low.
Compared with the wireless router at home, the common test result of TP-LINK TL-WR84 1N is 20. 1μW/cm2, and the test result is 27.4μW/cm2 under full load.
Compared with mobile phones, the standby test result of Apple mobile phone is 17. 1μW/cm2, and the call test result of Apple mobile phone is 93. 1μW/cm2.
As a result, mobile phones are taller than wireless routers and base stations.
The real radiation danger is the radiation of the old mobile phone when the signal is seriously poor and the working power is increased. The maximum transmission frequency of GSM mobile phone can reach 2W, which is a dangerous level. Dismantling the base station near home is precisely to reduce the signal strength and force the mobile phone to increase the transmission power and enhance the radiation.
Therefore, the radiation of the base station is there, but it is relatively small compared with other electronic devices in life. Dismantling the base station will force the mobile phone to increase the transmission power and raise the radiation to a dangerous level.
Second, the residents' requirements
Although the actual radiation of the base station is very small, residents often don't search for information to understand the actual situation. But seeing such a big thing in the community, I naturally imagine how terrible the radiation is.
So, there are all kinds of things. Some residents gather to make trouble, no matter who they are; Some residents ask too much, and the sky-high price is not compensated and will not be installed in the community; There are even residents who deliberately destroy the installed base station equipment.
In fact, residents are not ignorant of the relationship between base stations and signals, but their demands are. I want to ensure the quality of my communication, but I can't install it in my community, only in other communities.
It is the residents' demand that horses should run and not eat grass, and the operators are helpless about it. All communities are like this, and the signal cannot be guaranteed. And spending money to build roads, regardless of cost, is not enough in many places.
There has always been a competitive relationship between operators. China Telecom, China Unicom and China Mobile entered the community for their respective networks, which actually constituted a competitive relationship. This makes residents and residential properties more fearless. Let whoever pays more in. In fact, the choice right of the surrounding residents has been invaded by a few people.
Third, the toughness of the Tower Company.
In July of 20 14, the iron tower company was formally established, and the separation of network industry became a trend. Because the tower company has three shares and the equipment is used by three companies, the previous three competitive relationships are gone.
Operators have no internal competition, can advance and retreat together, and have the right to bargain with residents. We noticed that these two announcements were signed by China Mobile, China Unicom, China Telecom and China Tower.
If the residents of the community are not allowed to install base station equipment on the grounds of radiation, then the operator can quit the community and make the community a communication blind area. For operators, even if there is no signal in this community, residents in the community should use mobile phones because they will use them when they leave the community. The income of operators will not be reduced, but the cost of base station construction will be reduced. Why not?
The establishment of Tower Company has greatly improved the position of operators in the negotiations. Telecom operators have the status of water supply companies and power companies in infrastructure construction. No one dares to dictate the laying of water pipes and wires. No one dares to collect tolls for water pipes and wires, and this will happen in the future base station construction. When necessities are monopolized, residents have no bargaining power.
Fourth, the responsibility of the government.
After the establishment of the Tower Company, the network industry was separated. The iron tower company responsible for network construction has become a de facto monopolist. This monopolist can certainly solve some previous problems and refuse unreasonable demands of residents. However, once the monopoly position is abused, it may seriously harm the interests of the public.
Now residents can install the base station without objection. Is it necessary for residents and property companies in newly-built communities to pay the base station installation fee in the future? Residents can only choose between paying money and no signal, which will undoubtedly harm the interests of residents.
The degree between reasonable demand and sky-high price reduction needs to be controlled by the government, and the benefits under free competition naturally form and can be handed over to the market. However, the protection of the interests of all parties in the monopoly industry needs the visible hand of the government to regulate and control, protect the weak parties without bargaining power, and avoid the excessive greed of monopoly parties.
Therefore, the radiation of the base station itself is not terrible, and the demands of residents are mostly unreasonable. With the establishment of the Tower Company, telecom operators have changed from being fearless in the past to being fearless. Although this is conducive to the popularization of telecommunications facilities and rejects the unreasonable demands of residents, we should also be alert to the abuse of this monopoly position. While establishing monopoly companies, the government should also assume the responsibility of supervision.
(Author: Mao Mao Xiong)