These three views refer to the world outlook, outlook on life and values.
World outlook determines outlook on life, and outlook on life determines values.
Correct understanding of the three views can be
Establish a new cognitive system and refresh the existing world outlook.
Establish the "bottom logic" of looking at the world and learning knowledge.
Master the basic context of philosophy of science and history of science.
So, since the three views are so important, what are the world outlook, outlook on life and values?
In order to answer this question, it took me more than two years to finally read the traditional version of the world view.
This book is divided into three parts. The first part talks about the basic problems of world outlook, such as what is world outlook and what is truth? Criteria for judging truth, etc.
The second part starts with the transformation from Aristotle's worldview to Newton's worldview, and describes the new discoveries and developments in astronomy and the influence of the invention of new tools such as telescopes on the worldview (introducing the important figures in the development of astronomy, such as Ptolemy, Copernicus, Kepler, Tycho and Galileo, and the impact and influence of their research results on the worldview).
The third part talks about the modern development of science and world outlook, and the impact and influence of relativity, quantum theory and evolution on world outlook. The most important significance of this book is not simply popular science, but from the theory and thinking system, let us understand the world outlook, understand the structure of the world outlook, and establish the minimum basic cognition.
What is the world view?
My previous understanding was that the world outlook is the sum of people's overall views and opinions on the world and the relationship between people and the world. There is nothing wrong with this understanding, but it is too big and inappropriate. I prefer the definition in the book World View.
World outlook is a set of views and belief systems about the world. Specifically, it is not a hodgepodge of independent and unrelated beliefs, but a set of integrated and consistent ideas.
The advantage of this definition lies in a set of key words, such as belief system and puzzles, which point out the direction for us to form and construct our own world view. 1 Have core beliefs. 2. Beliefs should be closely linked, interrelated and not in conflict. 3. Finally, form a set of puzzles, not pieces.
Explained in vernacular, belief is like pieces in a puzzle, and the world view is a complete puzzle of belief, such as Aristotle's world view.
In the ancient west, people believed in Aristotle's worldview. The core content of Aristotle's worldview generally includes the following contents
(1) The earth is the center of the universe.
(2) The earth is stationary, that is, it neither moves around any other celestial body (such as the sun) nor rotates around its own axis.
(3) The moon, other planets and the sun revolve around the earth, and they do it every 24 hours.
(4) In the area under the moon, that is, the area between the earth and the moon (including the earth itself), there are four basic elements, namely, earth, water, gas and fire.
(5) In the area above the moon, that is, outside the moon, including the moon, the sun, planets and stars, objects are all made up of the fifth basic element "ether".
(6) Every basic element has a basic attribute, which determines the performance characteristics of the element.
(7) The basic properties of each basic element are represented by the movement trend of the element.
(8) Soil elements have a natural tendency to move towards the center of the universe. This is why the stone will fall straight, because the center of the earth is also the center of the universe. )
(9) Water also has a natural tendency to move towards the center of the universe, but this trend is weaker than that of soil. This is why when soil and water are mixed, both will move down, but eventually the water will stay on the soil. )
(10) The gas element naturally moves to the area under soil, Mizunokami and fire. This is why when gas is pumped into water, bubbles will rise from the water. )
(1 1) The fire element has a natural tendency to be far away from the center of the universe. This is why the fire burns upward in the air. )
(12) The element ether, which constitutes objects such as planets and stars, has a natural tendency to move in a perfect circle. This is why planets and stars keep going around the earth, that is, around the center of the universe. )
(13) In the area under the moon, a moving object will naturally tend to be stationary, either because the elements that make up this object have reached their natural positions in the universe, or because these elements are prevented from moving to their natural positions in the universe by other things (such as the surface of the earth). The second reason is more common.
(14) A stationary object will remain stationary unless there is a source of motion (either its own motion, such as the object moving to its natural position in the universe, or external motion, such as me pushing a pen from one side of the desk to the other).
These are different from what we know today. But if you look at these alone, you will find that they can explain all kinds of phenomena observed in our daily life, and they are logically related. In Aristotle's time, the best scientific data at that time were consistent with it.
According to these beliefs, Aristotle and his contemporary scientists have deduced thousands of explanations and beliefs about the world. They all have similar logical relations. This is a very strict system.
When the viewpoint in Aristotle's worldview is questioned, it is not just one or two simple beliefs that need to be proved and overthrown. There must be a complete set of theories and assumptions to replace all the creeds in the original world view, which will be convincing. For this reason, it is not easy to promote the all-round progress and development of the world outlook.
Second, what is truth?
In the whole belief of the world outlook, if one core view is wrong, it may lead to all the truths in this world outlook becoming fallacies. Therefore, judging whether a belief is true or not is very important for establishing a correct world outlook.
Compared with the viewpoint in the book, I prefer Mr. Wang Dongyue to take "self-consistency, his consistency and continuity" as the criterion to judge the truth. Self-consistency: according to the current level of human thinking, have we found any logical contradictions in it? If not, this is called self-consistency. He asked: can it explain the facts found in the total amount of human knowledge? Continuation: it is the new knowledge that appears after this theoretical system has stood up for a period of time, and whether new facts can be explained in this theoretical system. If self-negotiation, other negotiation and continuous negotiation are established, this theoretical system will be established.
What is the outlook on life?
Outlook on life is the fundamental view of the purpose and significance of life formed by people in practice, which determines the goal of people's practical activities, the direction of life path, and also determines the value orientation and attitude of people's behavior choice.
Outlook on life is an important part of the world outlook and is restricted by it. The outlook on life is mainly embodied in three aspects: life purpose, life attitude and life values.
The most famous outlook on life is the following paragraph.
Life is the most precious thing for people. There is only one life. A person's life should be spent like this: when recalling the past, he will not regret wasting his time, nor will he be ashamed of being mediocre; On his deathbed, he can say, "My life and all my energy have been devoted to the most magnificent cause in the world-the struggle for the liberation of mankind."
-ostrovsky, "How Steel was Tempered"
The famous scholar Zhou described his outlook on life in this way in his philosophy of life.
If I want to sum up my outlook on life in one sentence, it is true temperament. I have never regarded success as my main goal in life, and I feel that only the true colors of live high can make my life worthwhile. The so-called true temperament, on the one hand, attaches importance to personality and internal spiritual value, on the other hand, despises external utility.
When a person measures anything, what he values is their significance in his own life, not how many practical benefits they can bring to himself. This attitude towards life is the true nature.
Wu Zhihong made a similar statement in Wu Zhihong's psychology class. At the beginning of every column, he said, "The meaning of life is to be yourself."
A friend of mine expressed his outlook on life like this.
Think carefully and practice deliberately.
Few people follow the trend and go with the flow.
Constantly create and share value
Accumulate knowledge and wealth continuously
Maintain a healthy body and mind
Be a friend of time
Enjoy a happy life
Become a better person.
Find you who grew up together.
A flower and a world, a leaf and a bodhi. If the official WeChat account is also a world, then my outlook on life in this world is to "be yourself, find you", become a better self and find you who grew up together.
Steve Jobs' Classic Exposition on Outlook on Life
Do you want to sell sugar water for life, or do you want to change the world with me?
Attitude towards life Attitude towards life refers to a stable psychological tendency and basic intention to life problems formed by people through life practice. For example, optimistic, positive, pragmatic, enterprising and so on. From the psychological point of view, some attitudes towards life have the function of self-witness, such as "men have no good things" and masochism tendency.
What are values?
Values are people's fundamental views on what value is, how to judge it and how to create it. Values also refer to an individual's overall evaluation of objective things (including people, events and events) and the significance, function, effect and importance of the results of his own actions. It is a general view of what is good and what should be, a principle and standard to promote and guide a person to make decisions and actions, and one of the core factors of personality psychological structure.
Values include: value orientation, value pursuit, value goal, value scale and criterion.
The value of life includes self-value and social value. Self-worth is the foundation of social value, and social value is the premise of self-worth. The value of life includes material value and spiritual value, and material value refers to the value that can meet the material needs of human beings. Marxism holds that material value is the basic value of human existence and development. Spiritual value refers to the value that can meet people's spiritual and psychological needs.
What to do and choose, find out what things mean to you, design yourself, determine and achieve your goals. These are all determined by everyone's values.
Values are an internal measure. It is above the whole human nature and dominates people's behavior, attitude, observation, belief and cognition. , and dominate people's understanding of the world, the meaning of things to themselves, self-knowledge, self-positioning, self-design, etc.;
Characteristics of values
Values vary from person to person. Because everyone's innate conditions and acquired environment are different, and their life experiences are different, the formation of everyone's values will be affected in different ways. Therefore, everyone has their own values and value system. Under the same objective conditions, people with different values and value systems have different motivation patterns and different behaviors. For example, some people like to eat hot pot, some people like Japanese food, some people like to be lively, some people like to be alone, some people think that eating, drinking and having fun means enjoying life, and some people think that peace and happiness are also beautiful. There is no right or wrong values, but everyone's choices are different.
Values are relatively stable. Values are the deep foundation of people's ideological understanding and form people's world outlook and outlook on life. With the development of human cognitive ability, it is gradually cultivated under the influence of environment and education. Once people's values are formed, they are relatively stable and lasting. People often say that the three views are different, and the most common one actually refers to values.
In some cases, the value can be changed. Due to the change of environment, the accumulation of experience and the growth of knowledge, people's values may change.
A famous assertion about values is Margaret Thatcher's.
Please pay attention to your thoughts, which will affect your behavior.
Please pay attention to your behavior, which will form a habit.
Please pay attention to your habit, it will become a character,
Please pay attention to your character, it will change your destiny.
World outlook, outlook on life and values constitute a person's way of thinking from macro, meso and micro levels, which are very basic and important and often determine a person's achievements and happiness. Everyone can improve the cycle by clearly understanding and combing the three views and using the viewpoint of systematic thinking to enter this positive cycle as soon as possible.
Say the important things three times
If you think this article is valuable, don't just read it. Please practice the useful part.
If you think this article is valuable, don't just read it. Please practice the useful part.
If you think this article is valuable, don't just read it. Please practice the useful part.
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Long Xiong, senior ERP consultant. I was responsible for the implementation and development of Oracle ERP and Kingdee ERP, as well as the IT planning and management of the headquarters of listed enterprise groups. In the past 10 years, I have been committed to the implementation and development of Kingdee ERP. Kingdee ERP has served more than 100 large and medium-sized customers.