Fasting blood glucose is greater than 7 mmol/L, and blood glucose is greater than11.1mmol/L 2 hours after meals.
Diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus
The diagnosis of diabetes is based on blood sugar and clinical symptoms. The following diagnostic criteria were published by WHO and IDF in 1999, recognized by Diabetes Society of Chinese Medical Association in the same year, and recommended to be implemented in China.
Vein (whole blood) capillary vein (plasma)
(diabetes)
Fasting ≥6. 1 ≥6. 1 ≥7.0
2 hours after taking sugar ≥10.0 ≥11.1≥1.
(Impaired glucose tolerance)
be on an empty stomach
2 hours after taking sugar ≥6.7 ≥7.8 ≥7.8
(Impaired fasting blood glucose)
Fasting > 5.6<6.1> 5.6 & lt6. 1≥6. 1 & lt； 7.0
2 hours after taking sugar < 6.7 < 7.8 < 7.8.
Blood glucose concentration unit: mmol/L.
Several explanations of diagnostic requirements
Diagnosed with diabetes:
1, typical symptoms, fasting blood glucose 126mg/dl(7.0 mmol/l) or postprandial blood glucose ≥200mg/dl.
(1 1. 1 mmol/L).
2, no typical symptoms, only fasting blood glucose 126mg/dl(7.0 mmol/l) or postprandial blood glucose 200mg/dl.
(11.1mmol/l) should be repeated, and those who still reach the above values can be diagnosed as diabetes.
3, no typical symptoms, only fasting blood glucose 126mg/dl(7.0 mmol/l) or postprandial blood glucose 200mg/dl.
(11.1mmol/l) In the glucose tolerance test, the diagnosis can be made when the blood sugar is 200 mg/dl (11.1mmol/l) in 2 hours.
Diagnosed as diabetes.
Liver function tests include: alanine aminotransferase: continuous monitoring method
Add:
1. cholesterol >; 6.2 Hypercholesterolemia is one of the high risk factors leading to coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis.
2, high cholesterol diet, diabetes, nephrotic syndrome, hypothyroidism can be seen cholesterol increase.
3. When the common bile duct is blocked, such as gallstones, liver, gallbladder and pancreatic tumors, the total cholesterol is increased, accompanied by jaundice.
Reduce:
1. Severe liver diseases, such as severe hepatitis, acute liver necrosis, cirrhosis, etc.
2. Severe malnutrition.
3. Severe anemia, such as aplastic anemia and hemolytic anemia.
Triglyceride
The normal value is 0.56-1.7 mmol/L.
Internationally recommended male: 0.45- 1.7 mmol/L female: 0.40-1.53 mmol/l.
Add:
1. It is found in atherosclerosis, nephrotic syndrome, primary hyperlipidemia, diabetes, pancreatitis, fatty liver and obstructive jaundice.
2. Pregnancy and oral contraceptives will also lead to an increase.
Albumin/Globulin (A/G): 1.5-2.5/ 1 The normal value of blood urea nitrogen is different due to different determination methods adopted by different hospitals. The normal value of blood urea nitrogen is 1.7-8.3mmol/L, while the normal value of some hospitals is 3.2-6.0 mmol/L. Once the blood urea nitrogen value is higher than the normal value of the hospital where patients are examined, it is considered that the blood urea nitrogen is on the high side.
Many patients want to know the significance of high blood urea nitrogen. High blood urea nitrogen can be divided into prerenal and postrenal, and there are also renal factors.
(1) Prerenal: ① Increased yield (pseudoazotemia pseudoazotemia): High protein diet; Gastrointestinal bleeding; Accelerate tissue decomposition (infection, high fever, trauma, surgery, corticosteroid use, early hunger); Inhibition of protein synthesis (with tetracycline). The degree of increase is related to the original renal function. For example, when the renal function is normal, it will only increase when the gastrointestinal bleeding reaches 800mL, and when the renal function is damaged, it will increase to much lower than this number, such as 200mL.
② Decreased renal blood perfusion (hypoperfusion azotemia): Due to increased reabsorption, glomerular filtration function decreased. Decreased absolute blood solubility (dehydration, blood loss, decreased adrenal cortex function); B Decreased effective blood volume (severe heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, pericardial tamponade, liver cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome).
(2) Retrorenal: urinary tract obstruction leads to decreased filtration and increased reabsorption.
(3) Renal (substantial azotemia substantial azotemia): various substantial renal diseases, such as glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, acute and chronic renal failure, space occupying and destructive lesions in the kidney, etc.
From the above factors of high urea nitrogen, it can be seen that some extrarenal factors can increase urea nitrogen, such as excluding prerenal factors, urea nitrogen >; 2 1.4mmol/L(60mg/dl) is one of the diagnostic indexes of renal failure and uremia.
The normal value of serum creatinine varies from hospital to hospital. Generally speaking, the normal value of serum creatinine is 44-133umol/L. When serum creatinine exceeds133 umol/L, it means renal damage, renal insufficiency and renal failure. (133umol/L is the stage of inflammatory injury, and 186umol/L is the stage of renal function injury. 45 1 μm ol/L is uremia in the late stage of renal failure). The normal value of serum uric acid is 149 ~ 4 17 μm ol/L for adult males and 89 ~ 357 μ mol/l for females > 250~476μmol/L for males aged 60 and/kloc for females.