2. Pale skin, mucous membrane, nails and lips;
3. shortness of breath and palpitations;
4. Dizziness, headache, tinnitus, dizziness, inattention, drowsiness, etc. ;
5. Loss of appetite, flatulence, nausea, constipation, etc. There are many reasons for anemia. Therefore, according to the etiology and pathogenesis, anemia can be divided into many types, such as iron deficiency anemia, giant cell anemia, aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, hemorrhagic anemia and so on. However, iron deficiency anemia and giant cell anemia caused by insufficient hematopoietic substances (such as iron and folic acid) are the most common, fragile and extensive targets. Iron deficiency anemia Iron deficiency anemia is one of the four most serious and extensive nutritional deficiencies in the world. Especially in developing countries, this problem is more serious. According to the survey report of the World Health Organization (WHO), about 65,438+00-30% people in the world have iron deficiency in different degrees. The incidence of anemia among women of childbearing age (especially pregnant women) and infants is very high. Iron deficiency anemia is a kind of nutritional anemia. As the name implies, iron deficiency anemia is mainly caused by iron deficiency. Iron deficiency anemia can occur in the following situations: 1. The demand for iron is increasing and the intake is insufficient. In fast-growing infants, children and women with menorrhagia (the average daily iron loss of women of childbearing age is about 65438±0.5mg), pregnancy or lactation, the demand for iron increases, and iron deficiency anemia is easy to occur if iron is lacking in diet;
2. Iron malabsorption. There are factors that affect iron absorption in food. Oxalate, phosphate, carbonate, phytate, etc. Existing in plant foods can combine with iron to form polymers, which leads to iron insoluble and precipitated, thus greatly reducing the absorption of iron.
3. Blood loss. Blood loss is the most common and important cause of iron deficiency anemia. Acute/chronic bleeding in digestive tract and bleeding in other parts, such as hemorrhoid bleeding and menorrhagia in women, can cause iron loss and increase, leading to iron deficiency anemia. Most iron deficiency anemia can be prevented, and health education and preventive measures should be paid attention to in the susceptible population, such as 1. Improve the breastfeeding method of infants and increase iron-rich complementary food in time;
2. Women can take extra iron supplements every day in the third trimester and lactation period;
3. Carry out large-scale control of parasitic diseases in hookworm endemic areas;
4. Timely treatment of chronic bleeding. Cytomegalic anemia Cytomegalic anemia is an anemia caused by the deficiency of folic acid, vitamin B 12 or other reasons, and the disorder of DNA synthesis. The same feature of this anemia is that the red blood cells in the patient's blood are larger than normal, but not so red, just like a swollen and pale person. Giant cell anemia is common in infants, young children, pregnant women and lactating women, and rare in other age groups. Folic acid and vitamin B 12 are widely found in food, but some people will suffer from anemia due to lack. The main reasons of folic acid deficiency are: 1. Insufficient intake. Eating less vegetables or overcooking food is the main reason for folic acid deficiency;
2. Intestinal malabsorption of folic acid. Such as primary or secondary small intestinal malabsorption syndrome, stomatitis and diarrhea.
3. Need to increase. For example, pregnant women (folic acid requirement increased by 5- 10 times), lactating women, infants, patients with chronic hemolytic anemia and malignant tumors.
The main reasons of vitamin B 12 deficiency are: 1. Insufficient intake. The demand for vitamin B 12 is increasing in some diseases such as infants, pregnant women and hyperthyroidism. If the supply is insufficient, the intake will decrease.
2. Absorption disorder. For example, after gastrectomy, segmental ileitis, stomatitis and diarrhea. , affecting the absorption of vitamin B 12. Giant cell anemia is mainly due to the lack of folic acid and vitamin B 12. Therefore, in order to prevent giant cell anemia, it is necessary to supplement these two vitamins reasonably, especially for people with increasing demand for these two vitamins, and attention should be paid to eliminating the absorption obstacles of folic acid and vitamin B 12. The most common nutritional anemia is the two mentioned above, but the lack of trace elements such as copper, cobalt, manganese, zinc, selenium and molybdenum and vitamins such as A, C and E can also cause anemia, so people often emphasize nutritional balance, even some trace elements that are not in great demand can not be ignored. It is recommended to go to the hospital for examination.