What are the adverse reactions of intravenous infusion?
1. Fever reaction: Fever reaction is a common reaction in blood transfusion, which is often caused by the input of pyrogenic substances. Most of them are caused by unqualified infusion sets and drugs, unclean environment and lax aseptic operation, which make pyrogen enter the body.
Nursing: (1) Slow down the dripping speed or stop infusion, and contact the doctor in time for adoption.
(2) Measure the vital signs immediately, and measure the body temperature every half hour until the condition is stable.
(3) Symptomatic treatment: appropriately increase quilt cover or use hot water bottle to keep warm when shivering, and give physical cooling when high fever occurs.
(4) Give anti-allergic drugs or hormone treatment according to the doctor's advice.
(5) Keep the residual liquid and infusion set, and send them to the inspection room for bacterial culture when necessary.
(6) Prevention: Before infusion, strictly check the quality of liquid medicine, the packaging of infusion set, the expiration date of sterilization, etc. To prevent pyrogenic substances from entering the body.
2. Periodic overload (pulmonary edema) Pulmonary edema is often related to excessive infusion speed and input.
Nursing: (1) Stop infusion immediately, contact the doctor in time, cooperate with the rescue and comfort the patient.
(2) Assist the patient to take an upright position and droop his legs, so as to reduce blood back to the heart and reduce the burden on the heart.
(3) Pressurized oxygen supply can increase the pressure in alveoli and reduce the generation of capillary exudates in alveoli; At the same time, 20%-30% ethanol is given to humidify oxygen inhalation, because ethanol can reduce the surface tension of foam in alveoli, that is, the rupture and dissipation of foam, thus improving the gas exchange in the lungs and quickly relieving the symptoms of hypoxia.
(4) Give sedatives, vasodilators, cardiotonic agents, diuretics, etc. according to the doctor's advice.
(5) Clear respiratory secretions, keep breathing unobstructed, and guide patients to breathe effectively.
(6) When necessary, bind the limbs with a tourniquet.
(7) Prevention: Strictly control the speed and quantity of infusion, especially for patients with heart and lung diseases, the elderly and children.
3. Phlebitis: It is often related to long-term infusion of high-concentration and irritating drugs, long-term indwelling of infusion catheter, and lax aseptic operation during infusion.
Nursing: (1) The affected limb was raised and braked, and 95% ethanol or 50% magnesium sulfate was used for local wet and hot compress.
(2) ultrashort wave physiotherapy
(3) When complicated with infection, give systemic or local antibiotic treatment according to the doctor's advice.
(4) Prevention: Strict aseptic operation should be carried out, and drugs irritating to blood vessel wall should be fully diluted before application to prevent drugs from overflowing blood vessels. At the same time, the injection site should be changed in a planned way to protect the vein.
4. Air embolism: It is often related to a large amount of air entering the blood circulation through veins.
Nursing: (1) Stop infusion immediately, notify the doctor in time, actively cooperate with the rescue and comfort the patient.
(2) Immediately place the patient in the left position and high position, head down and feet up. When the head is down and the feet are up, the pressure in the chest cavity can be increased to reduce the air entering the vein. The left lateral position can make the pulmonary artery lower than the right ventricle, and the bubbles will flow upward to the right ventricle, avoiding the pulmonary orifice. Because of the heartbeat, the air will mix into foam and a small amount will enter the pulmonary artery.
(3) oxygen inhalation, giving high-flow oxygen inhalation.
(4) Observe the patient's consciousness every 15 minutes and check the vital signs until it is stable.
(5) Prevention: The air in the infusion tube should be exhausted before infusion, and close observation should be made during infusion; Pressurized infusion or blood transfusion, should be guarded by special personnel, and timely replacement of infusion bottles; When pulling out the thick venous catheter near the chest, the puncture point must be closed.
Misunderstanding of intravenous infusion
1, the infusion effect is good, the effect is quick, the serious illness needs it, and the minor illness can recover quickly.
2. Regular infusion can effectively prevent cardiovascular diseases.
3. Other patients are infusion. I'm just like him. Why don't you give it to me? Just prescribe some oral medicine and it's over?
4. Now the technology is developed, and the quality of infusion used is guaranteed, which will not affect health.
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