The nutritional problems of workers exposed to toxic chemicals in the production environment should be highly valued, because if they do not pay attention to protection in the production process, occupational poisoning may occur, and various symptoms such as abnormal nervous system, blood system and digestive system may occur. The nutritional status of the body is closely related to the effects and results of chemical poisons. Many poisons, such as carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, nitrogen dioxide, vinyl chloride, etc., can form free radicals and lipid peroxidation, cause lipid peroxidation of biofilm, destroy cell structure, make it lose its function and even become cancerous. However, various nutrients have certain effects of detoxification, scavenging free radicals and inhibiting lipid peroxidation.
It can be seen that reasonable nutritional measures can improve the resistance of various systems of the body, enhance the metabolism and detoxification ability of toxic chemicals, reduce the absorption of poisons and convert them into non-toxic substances to be excreted, which is conducive to rehabilitation and alleviate poisoning symptoms. At the same time, it should be noted that when employees have been out of contact with toxic chemicals, but the chemicals that have entered the body before, such as silica dust and lead, have accumulated in the body and continue to produce toxic effects, or the normal physiological functions of various organs of the body have not recovered due to the damage of poisons, they still need to provide reasonable nutrition, and take measures to detoxify according to the chemical properties of poisons, and cooperate with drugs and health care measures. Dietary balance of benzene exposed workers
Benzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon, which is mainly used in organic solvents, diluents and chemical raw materials. The jobs exposed to benzene mainly include coking, petroleum cracking, painting, dyes, plastics, synthetic rubber, pesticides, printing and synthetic detergents. Benzene is mainly inhaled into the body through the respiratory tract in the form of steam. It is a nerve cell poison, which can damage bone marrow and destroy hematopoietic function, and is very toxic.
(1) benzene workers should first ensure a reasonable and balanced diet, and then increase the intake of high-quality protein. The results of animal experiments show that under the condition of absorbing benzene vapor, the growth and development of animals fed with low-protein feed are far worse than that of high-protein group. The detoxification process of benzene is mainly carried out in the liver, and some of it is directly combined with reduced glutathione to detoxify. Sulfur-containing amino acids in dietary protein are the source of glutathione in the body, so a diet rich in high-quality protein plays a certain role in preventing benzene poisoning.
(2) The dietary fat content of workers exposed to benzene should not be too high, because benzene is a fat-soluble organic solvent. Excessive fat intake will promote the absorption of benzene, increase the accumulation of benzene in the body and increase the sensitivity of the body to benzene.
(3) Carbohydrate can improve the body's tolerance to benzene, because carbohydrate metabolism can provide an important antidote for glucuronic acid. Benzene combines with glucuronic acid in liver, kidney and other tissues and is easily excreted with bile.
(4) The human load test shows that the storage of vitamin C in workers exposed to benzene is lower than that of ordinary people. Animal experiments have also observed that the content of vitamin C in blood and urine decreases and the demand for vitamin C increases when benzene poisoning occurs, so the intake should be increased. It is recommended to supplement vitamin C 150 mg every day. In order to prevent anemia caused by benzene poisoning, we should also appropriately increase the supply of iron and supplement a certain amount of vitamin B6, vitamin B 12 and folic acid, which can promote the recovery of white blood cells.
Scientific diet of workers exposed to lead
Lead and its compounds mainly exist in metallurgy, storage battery, printing, ceramics, glass, paint, dyes and other industries. The main harm of lead operation is that lead can enter the human body through digestive tract and respiratory tract, accumulate in the body, and mainly deposit in the skeletal system in the form of insoluble orthophosphate, causing chronic or acute poisoning, mainly causing damage to the nervous system and hematopoietic system.
(1) Because lead can promote the consumption of vitamin C, vitamin C loses its physiological function. Long-term exposure to lead will cause vitamin C deficiency in the body and even cause symptoms such as gingival bleeding. When exposed to lead, if a large amount of vitamin C can be given at the same time, the occurrence of lead poisoning can be delayed or the symptoms of poisoning can be alleviated. A large amount of vitamin C supplements the loss caused by lead in the body, and can combine with lead to form low-concentration lead ascorbate, which reduces the absorption of lead. At the same time, vitamin C is also directly involved in the detoxification process and promotes the discharge of lead. Therefore, the daily supply of vitamin C for lead workers should be 150 mg.
(2) The supply of protein should be sufficient, because insufficient protein will reduce the body's ability to discharge lead, increase the body's storage of lead, and increase the body's sensitivity to lead poisoning. Adequate protein, especially high-quality protein rich in sulfur-containing amino acids such as methionine and cystine, is beneficial to reduce the lead concentration in the body and alleviate the symptoms of poisoning. Therefore, the supply of protein should account for 14% ~ 15% of the total thermal energy, and the supply of high-quality protein should be increased.
(3) Dietary fat intake should be properly restricted to prevent fat from promoting the absorption of lead in small intestine.
(4) People exposed to lead should also eat more fruits and vegetables, which contain pectin and dietary fiber, which can reduce the absorption of lead in the intestine. Vitamin B 1, vitamin B6 and vitamin B 12 can protect the nervous system, so the supply of these vitamins should be increased.
Dietary health care of workers exposed to dust and phosphorus
Workers who are frequently exposed to dust should increase their intake of high-quality protein, about 90 ~ 1 10g per day. Vitamins play an important role in protein's metabolism, so we should increase the intake of vitamins and pay attention to eating foods rich in vitamin A and radish, such as chicken liver, duck liver, eggs, carrots, spinach, leeks, day lilies and pumpkins. At the same time, eating more fresh vegetables and fruits rich in vitamin C is also beneficial to prevent upper respiratory tract injury caused by dust. If you don't eat enough, you can take vitamin tablets orally and get more sunshine to increase the synthesis of vitamins in your body.
In addition, it is also beneficial for workers exposed to dust to eat more pig blood, because the serum protein contained in pig blood will be decomposed by human gastric acid to produce a decomposition product, which can lubricate the intestines. This substance can react chemically with dust and harmful metal particles invading the human body, and finally discharge harmful substances from the digestive tract. And eating pig blood often can also reduce the incidence of respiratory diseases.
Dietary requirements of phosphorus workers
Phosphorus workers should eat more foods containing a lot of protein, such as eggs, meat, fish, milk, bean products and animal offal. Because protein can prevent metabolic poisoning and protect the brain. Long-term exposure to phosphorus will change the vitamin metabolism of human body. Therefore, eating more foods containing vitamins, such as red dates and Chinese cabbage, can promote the oxidation of phosphorus in the body. Vegetables, fruits, etc. They are all alkaline, which can neutralize the acidic oxides formed by phosphorus oxidation, which is beneficial to the acid-base balance in the body. Supplementing some vitamins B 1 and B2 can keep the blood sugar content in the body stable. Proper consumption of fructose can enhance the detoxification ability of the liver. Drinking more bone soup and supplementing calcium can maintain normal calcium metabolism in the body.
Dietary protection of workers exposed to mercury
The main contact operations of mercury are mercury mining and smelting, instrument manufacturing, electrical equipment manufacturing, chemical industry, arms and medicine.
Mercury and its compounds can enter human body through respiratory tract, digestive tract or skin. Occupational poisoning is mainly caused by inhaling mercury vapor or compound aerosol through respiratory tract. Eating food or drinking water contaminated with mercury can also lead to poisoning. Metal mercury is easily soluble in lipids, and mercury vapor easily enters the blood through the cell membrane and quickly enters the tissue. After entering the blood, mercury combines with serum protein and hemoglobin, and accumulates in kidney, liver, heart and brain, causing pathological changes of these organs. Mercury has a special affinity for sulfhydryl (-SH) in protein, which can inactivate sulfhydryl-containing enzymes and cause physiological dysfunction. Chronic mercury poisoning can cause proteinuria and make the body lose protein continuously. In addition, liver and kidney damage also need enough high-quality protein to provide repair and regeneration. Therefore, there should be enough animal food and bean products in the diet, which contain high methionine, and Ryukyu balls can be combined with mercury, thus protecting the activity of enzymes containing Ryukyu balls and alleviating poisoning symptoms.
Except protein, trace elements selenium and vitamin E have obvious protective effects on mercury poisoning. Selenium can maintain the activity of glutathione peroxidase in liver and kidney cells and alleviate the symptoms of poisoning. Selenium can also combine with mercury and sulfo group in protein, which makes mercury unable to reach the target cells and produces toxic effects. Vitamin E can not only prevent the damage of mercury to the nervous system, but also improve the nutritional effect of selenium. Some experiments have found that supplying a high-protein and low-fat diet to mercury workers can obviously repair liver cell damage, prevent fatty liver and improve liver function. Carrots containing more pectin can also accelerate the discharge of mercury and reduce the symptoms of poisoning. When preparing daily meals, seafood, meat and liver with high selenium content, green vegetables with high vitamin E content, milk, eggs, fish, peanuts and sesame seeds should be selected. Healthy diet of workers exposed to arsenic and pesticides
Healthy diet of workers exposed to arsenic
Workers exposed to arsenic should eat more mung bean soup or mung bean products, because mung beans are good detoxification diuretics; People exposed to cyanide can eat more sugar; Workers exposed to manganese should eat more foods rich in iron, calcium and phosphorus, such as soybean, celery, lean meat, pig liver and river crab, so as to reduce the absorption of manganese in digestive tract; Workers exposed to vanadium should eat more foods rich in vitamin C; Workers exposed to chromium should eat more foods containing vitamins A, B and C to help enhance the resistance of skin and mucosa. Workers exposed to nickel and its compounds can supplement certain vitamin C or eat more vegetables and fruits rich in vitamin C to reduce the harm.