First, consultation on common psychological problems.
Adolescence is the only way to perfect growth, just like a caterpillar becomes a pupa first and then a beautiful butterfly. However, the road of this transformation is not smooth, and some students often have various psychological troubles because of physiological changes.
(A) to enhance students' ability to adapt to menarche
Menstruation is a sign that girls enter puberty. She came quietly, and if she didn't have some health knowledge, she would definitely be caught off guard. At present, the time of menarche for female students is generally ahead of schedule, so our school has been educating female students about menarche and menstruation knowledge since the fourth grade of primary school, so that students are quite psychologically prepared for menarche. Practice has proved that it is indeed necessary and beneficial to carry out this education. Students' endurance has generally improved. A sixth-grade female student wrote in her growth diary: I'm coming, I'm coming, and my period is finally coming. I am looking forward to and imagining that today has finally come true. Today is really a special day! I am an adult from today, and I am proud that I have finally grown up!
Although the school has carried out positive education, this drastic physical change still makes it difficult for some students to adapt. This leads to psychological changes such as fear, shyness, anxiety and disgust. For this kind of students, there are generally two commonly used methods: one is group psychological counseling, and such students are invited to the psychological counseling room. Through the guidance of the teacher, the students communicate with each other. Please show the students with strong menstrual adaptability to enhance the resilience of menarche girls to menstruation. Another method is partner counseling, which is to ask the students who are developing rapidly in the class to give counseling. On the one hand, they will actively help those small students with physical and psychological problems; On the other hand, students with questions can also talk to them. These little guides are specially trained. They can use their own experience and knowledge gained from training to solve some problems for their classmates. If you encounter problems beyond your ability, you will consult the school psychological counseling teacher. Through partner counseling, they can increase the psychological counseling teachers' understanding of students' adolescent psychological troubles, so as to continuously improve their work and avoid the embarrassment and discomfort that may be caused by students' direct contact with teachers.
(B) reduce students' sensitivity to psychological dysmenorrhea
Some people describe dysmenorrhea as a monthly sin for girls. Indeed, due to some physiological factors of girls, it is easy to cause dysmenorrhea. However, in daily life at school, we find that a considerable part of dysmenorrhea is caused by psychological factors. For example, some female students are too nervous, frightened, afraid of pain and overly sensitive to physical discomfort during menstruation. Over time, they formed a strong conditioned reflex. You will feel pain and discomfort when you come to menstruation. Incorrect understanding of menstruation, mistakenly thinking that menstruation is unclean and painful when coming to menstruation, which is another reason for dysmenorrhea. Neurotic personality, suggestion and self-suggestion will aggravate dysmenorrhea. In this case, on the basis of actively propagating physiological knowledge, individual psychological counseling is generally adopted: cognitive therapy is used to change students' wrong understanding; Use relaxation training to reduce students' ideological anxiety and mental burden; Use suggestion therapy to divert students' attention from pain and discomfort, guide them to adjust their pace of life and avoid excessive mental stimulation; Strengthen physical exercise at ordinary times to enhance physical fitness; Pay attention to combining work and rest; Ensure proper nutrition and sleep, and reduce the sensitivity of students with psychological dysmenorrhea by comprehensive methods.
(C) the correct treatment of the emergence of secondary sexual characteristics
We can often see such a scene: a boy answers questions in class, because he is in a period of voice change, and the whole class burst into laughter with strange voices, blushing, and rarely talking to his classmates from then on; A girl still wears a thick vest under her shirt, even on a hot day. These are all psychological discomfort caused by the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics in adolescence. Generally speaking, group psychological counseling is provided on the basis of adolescent physiological knowledge education, so that students can face up to their physical changes, accept their gender identity, enhance their pride in their gender roles, cultivate their behaviors consistent with their gender identity, and pursue health and beauty consistent with their gender identity. And cooperate with partner counseling and realize the socialization of gender roles through communication with partners; At the same time, guide students to make positive self-psychological adjustment, so that they can develop harmoniously and enter adolescence with confidence.
Second, specialized psychological counseling.
Our pupils are in their early adolescence. Because of their weakness and lack of life experience and social experience, they are particularly vulnerable to bullying, deception and even mutilation by bad people. When students encounter a certain crisis, they are often at a loss, and may also cause a series of psychological problems, which are not easy for them to solve and are often ignored by adults. This reminds us that how to enhance students' self-protection ability and psychological control ability has become a top priority.
At work, we have encountered two typical cases of sexual harassment.
Case 1: A female classmate was touched by a man when she went to the toilet in the hotel.
Case 2: A classmate, out of curiosity, called the "168" dating hotline and was harassed by the hot phone. Although these two things have not caused any serious consequences, their mood has become ups and downs, they are afraid of shyness at night, and they are not interested in doing anything. They always thought that others were talking about her, but they were afraid to tell their parents, so they could only tell them. The school's "whisper mailbox" came for help. The head teacher realized the seriousness of the situation and immediately transferred to the psychological counseling room of the school. With the help of the counselor, he got in touch with his parents, which helped the students get out of the psychological shadow.
For this special psychological distress of teenagers caused by special events, individual psychological counseling should be based on the principles of respect, confidentiality and enthusiasm. Our method is:
1, establish a good counseling relationship, eliminate students' nervousness and alert psychology, establish trust feelings for tutors, stimulate the desire for treatment, and enhance the confidence in healing.
2. Let students vent their emotions and pour out their troubles and anguish without reservation to release their psychological load. At this point, the tutor should give appropriate encouragement, comfort and help.
3. Conduct relaxation training to relax the nervous mood.
4. Make students realize the long-term harm caused by bad emotions: If you are depressed for a long time, it will affect the friendship between classmates and hinder the healthy development of your personality. Not only that, it will also affect your parents' work, life and health.
5. Carry out supportive psychotherapy to improve students' self-esteem and self-confidence, establish a sense of security and improve their body image.
6. Cultivate students' self-psychological adjustment ability and eliminate negative emotional experiences of pessimism, inferiority and suspicion.
7. Instruct students to shift their emotions and attention to their studies and other lives in a timely and appropriate manner, and actively participate in various recreational activities to relieve their depression and cultivate their temperament; Go for a walk in nature and blend in with nature to get comfort.
8. Enhance students' awareness of self-protection.
9. School and family are the two main places for students to live, creating a relaxed and harmonious learning environment and a quiet, peaceful and safe living environment for students to forget their pain and grow up happily.