1, change face
Facial changes are one of the specific manifestations of late symptoms of liver cirrhosis. The symptoms of dark complexion in the late stage of liver cirrhosis may be due to the increase of estrogen, which weakens the inhibitory effect of thioamino on tyrosinase in the body. Therefore, the amount of tyrosine converted into melanin increases; It may also be caused by secondary adrenal cortical hypofunction and the inability of the liver to metabolize melanocyte stimulating hormone secreted by adenohypophysis.
2. Liver pain
The first symptom of most patients with advanced liver cancer is pain in the liver area, and the incidence rate is above 50%. The pain in the liver area is generally located under the right rib or xiphoid process, and the pain is intermittent or persistent dull pain. Dull pain or tingling, the patient may feel discomfort in the right upper abdomen some time before the pain. The pain can be relieved by itself in a short time. The main cause of pain is the rapid enlargement of tumor, which compresses the liver capsule and produces traction pain. It can also be caused by tumor necrosis stimulating the liver capsule.
3. Have a fever
A considerable number of patients with liver cancer will sweat and have fever. Fever is mostly moderate to low fever, and a few patients may have high fever, which is above 39℃ and is generally not accompanied by chills. The fever of liver cancer is mostly cancerous fever, which is caused by the release of pyrogen into the blood circulation after tumor tissue necrosis. Cancer patients are prone to infection and fever because of their low resistance, which is sometimes difficult to distinguish from cancerous fever of liver cancer. It is necessary to combine the blood picture to observe whether the antibacterial treatment is effective.
4, emaciation and fatigue
Patients with liver cancer often feel more tired than patients with other tumors, which is similar to patients with chronic hepatitis. The cause of fatigue is unknown, which may be due to digestive dysfunction and nutrient absorption disorder, or liver cells are damaged, liver function declines, so that metabolic disorder and some toxins cannot be inactivated in time, or liver cancer tissue necrosis releases toxic substances. Emaciation is also a common symptom in patients with liver cancer, which is due to impaired liver function. Digestion and absorption function decreased. With the development of the disease, the degree of emaciation can be aggravated, and cachexia appears in severe cases.
5, edema of lower limbs
Patients with ascites due to liver cancer often have edema of lower limbs, which can occur in the ankle, and in severe cases, it can spread to the whole lower limbs. Clinically, I have seen some patients with high edema of lower limbs, and the skin of thighs can ooze water. The main reason of edema of lower limbs is that ascites compresses the veins of lower limbs or blocks tumor thrombus and venous reflux. Mild edema can also be caused by low plasma albumin.
6. Symptoms of digestive tract
Loss of appetite is the most common late symptom of liver cirrhosis, sometimes accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Generally, it is characterized by poor nutritional status, obvious loss of appetite, epigastric discomfort, fullness, nausea and even vomiting after eating, poor tolerance to fat and protein in the late stage of liver cirrhosis, and eating greasy food is easy to cause diarrhea. Patients with liver cirrhosis feel unbearable abdominal distension due to ascites and gastrointestinal pneumatosis, and toxic abdominal distension may occur in the late stage.
7. Portal hypertension
The manifestations are esophageal varices, splenomegaly and ascites, especially esophageal varices. Due to the thin wall of varicose veins, it is easy to rupture and lead to massive bleeding in the digestive tract.
8, cirrhosis ascites formation
In the late stage of liver cirrhosis, abdominal distension often occurs before ascites appears. A lot of water makes the abdomen swell, and the abdominal wall is tight and bright, like the abdomen of a frog. Patients have difficulty walking, and sometimes the diaphragm is obviously elevated, leading to respiratory hernia and umbilical hernia.
9, bleeding tendency and anemia
In the late stage of liver cirrhosis, nosebleeds, gingival bleeding, skin ecchymosis, gastrointestinal mucosal erosion bleeding, nosebleeds, hematemesis and black stool often occur, and women often have symptoms such as menorrhagia.
10, endocrine disorders
In the late stage of liver cirrhosis, the decline of liver function is more obvious, which directly leads to the decrease of estrogen inactivation, the increase of estrogen secretion, the large amount of estrogen in the blood and the inhibition of androgen.
1 1 for the treatment of liver cirrhosis.
1. Diet therapy: A mixed diet with high protein, high calorie and high vitamins should be given. Daily protein 1g/kg body weight and fresh fruits and vegetables. In the treatment of liver cirrhosis, it is generally believed that the source of food calorie supply should be allocated according to protein's 20% fat and 40% carbohydrate. Dietary treatment of liver cirrhosis should also pay attention not to eat hard and rough food and avoid drinking alcohol.
2, drug treatment: liver cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B, patients can be treated with nucleoside antiviral drug Hepudin according to their own condition. Animal experiments and preliminary clinical trials show that it can delay and block the development of liver cirrhosis, promote the reversal of liver cirrhosis, and has a good effect on the treatment of early liver cirrhosis.
3. The latest treatment of liver cirrhosis: Its principle is to extract healthy bone marrow of patients, extract and separate binuclear immune cells, culture them into hepatocytes in vitro, and transfuse them into the diseased liver through hepatic artery in an interventional way, so as to achieve the purpose of repairing and treating liver cirrhosis, also known as the magical "living liver surgery".