Make a daily diet for diabetics, and calculate it according to how many grams of each of the three nutrients you eat every day.

Metabolic disorder in protein is characterized by hyperglycemia and urine sugar. There are two main clinical types: insulin-dependent type (ⅰ) and non-insulin-dependent type (ⅱ). Type 2 diabetes is a common disease in middle-aged and elderly people. This is because the function of endocrine system is gradually declining and the mutual restriction is out of balance. Once influenced by nutrition, inflammation and other factors, the secretory function of islet gradually declines, which makes the body's tolerance to sugar decline, thus leading to the occurrence of diabetes. The basis of prevention and treatment of this disease is put forward. 1. Diet treatment basis According to the patient's age, sex, height, weight, blood sugar, urine sugar, labor intensity and complications, calculate the total calories and the supply of three nutrients, and then weigh and cook. Non-dependent diabetes mellitus is generally based on nutritional therapy, supplemented by oral hypoglycemic drugs, and insulin should not be used easily. The so-called nutritional therapy is to distribute the patient's diet reasonably and control the diet quantitatively and weighing. The purpose is to give islets a chance to recuperate, which can not only bear the minimum secretion of glucose metabolism, but also repair islets and restore their normal physiological functions, thus alleviating or even eliminating symptoms and regulating blood sugar to a positive level. (1) According to the patient's gender, age, height, weight (standard weight), occupation (functional consumption), blood sugar, urine sugar changes, illness and other factors, the diet and total calories required by the patient are worked out, and the percentage supply of various nutrients is worked out under the principle of dietary balance, so as to determine the nutritional treatment recipe of the patient. Table 1, daily thermal energy supply for adult diabetes (kcal/ Kg standard weight), physical strength, heavy physical strength and emaciation, bed labor intensity (light physical strength) 20-25 35 40-45 Normal 15-20 30 35 40 Obesity 1520- 153035 Press. In general, the supply can be adjusted according to the RDA age of patients. This is because patients with polyuria will cause a large number of water-soluble vitamins and inorganic salts (including trace elements) to be lost with urine. At the same time, some vitamins and trace elements have the functions of strengthening physique and improving immunity, so they must be fully provided in the diet. It can improve glucose tolerance and reduce blood sugar and urine sugar. (3) Dietary fiber has the function of lowering blood sugar, such as gum (in fruit), bean gum (Leguminosae) and seaweed gum (kelp, Undaria pinnatifida, laver, etc. ) and plant fiber. There should be enough dietary fiber. Dietary fiber has therapeutic effect on diabetes. The mechanism of dietary fiber lowering blood sugar is to prolong the residence time of food in the stomach, thus delaying the absorption of various nutrients in the intestine, which is the main aspect of inhibiting the increase of blood sugar. In addition, when the small intestine is digested and absorbed, the gelatinized food fiber wraps the food, which hinders the absorption process and causes some food to be excreted with the fiber. By ingesting dietary fiber, the stomach will feel full, thus reducing food intake. Cellulose can slow down the absorption rate of glucose, improve glucose tolerance test, reduce fasting and postprandial blood glucose concentration, and correspondingly reduce blood lipid and cholesterol. Therefore, cellulose is beneficial to diabetic patients, and can reduce blood sugar, blood lipid and cholesterol, with an average of 15-25g per person per day. (4) In short, if we grasp the above factors, strictly implement the principle of diabetes diet, and rationally match nutrients, we can achieve good therapeutic effects. Third, the calculation method of diet 1. According to the height of the patient, the standard weight is calculated according to the following formula: height (cm)-105= standard weight (kg) 2. According to the patient's weight and labor intensity, the daily total heat energy required by the patient's standard weight is calculated. Carbohydrate in food accounts for 60% of total heat energy, and protein accounts for 15%. Fat accounts for 25%. Let X= total calories in food: carbohydrate (g) = 60% x/4 protein (g) = 15% x/4 fat (g) = 25% x/4. The type and quantity of food that should be eaten can be calculated from the food composition table, and the food exchange unit method can also be used to calculate the diet. Example of diabetic diet calculation: Zhang patient, male, 46 years old, height 169cm, weight 72kg, blood sugar 8mmol, urine sugar+. 1) Calculate the standard weight according to the patient's gender, age, height and weight (169- 105=64kg). Compared with my actual weight, it is 1 1kg. Only by reducing the heat supply can I maintain my normal weight and correct my metabolic balance. 2) protein accounts for 16% of the total heat, and the calorific value is 300 kcal, and protein is 75g/ day. Fat accounts for 25% of the total calories, and the heat supply is 475 calories, and the fat is 53g/ day. Carbohydrate accounts for 60% of the total calories, and the heat supply is 1 140 calories, and carbohydrate is 285g/day. Catering: 65438+ 0/5 in the morning, 2/5 in the afternoon and 2/5 in the evening. Breakfast: protein 15g, fat 10g, sugar water compound 55g lunch: protein 30g, fat 22g, carbohydrate1/0g; Dinner: protein 30g, fat 22g, carbohydrate 1 10g, distributed according to three major nutrients. Discussion: 1. On the basis of reasonable supply of total calories, correctly arrange the supply ratio of protein, fat and sugar water compounds. The amount of heating depends on the patient's sex, age, physical activity and illness. 2. The calculation and planning of nutritional recipes must be practical and formulated in consultation with patients, so as to make the recipes "individualized" and "family-oriented". Try to make it conform to the patient's eating habits. 3. Different types of patients have different emphasis on nutritional therapy. Controlling the intake of total calories and maintaining normal weight can reduce the weight of obese patients. Reasonable and balanced diet, protect islet function, improve blood sugar, urine sugar and blood lipid values, so that they reach or approach normal values. 4. The treatment of diabetes is still: 1) nutritional therapy (dietotherapy). 2) Exercise therapy. 3) Oral hypoglycemic agents. 4) Insulin injection is mainly based on several methods, among which nutritional therapy is the most basic measure, and diet control should be long-term or even lifelong. V. Summary: 1. Nutritional therapy is the most basic measure to treat diabetes, but it is very difficult to implement. In addition to strengthening medical staff's understanding of the importance of dietotherapy, we should also strengthen nutrition education for patients, so that they can realize the necessity and feasibility of dietotherapy and master the principles, methods and requirements of dietotherapy. 2. Control total calories, protect islet function, and improve blood sugar and urine sugar. Correct carbohydrate metabolism disorder, prevent and delay the occurrence and development of cardiovascular and nervous system complications, and have a reasonable and balanced diet. 3, three nutrients (protein, fat, carbohydrate), the proportion should be reasonable, the distribution of three meals should be uniform, regular and quantitative. The formulation of recipes should be practical, master the skills of increasing or decreasing food intake and the exchange method of equal amount of food. 4. Dietary fiber can reduce fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose and improve glucose tolerance. The mechanism of action may be related to the water absorption of fiber and the change of food transport time in gastrointestinal tract by fiber. Intake of dietary fiber can make the stomach feel full, thus reducing food intake, which is also one aspect. Dietotherapy is the basis of other therapies. Mild patients can control their illness through simple diet therapy. Appropriate increase in exercise, improve physical fitness, and maintain a good mood. It can also control the disease. Reference 1. Practical clinical nutrition II. Modern clinical nutrition. Handbook of practical nutritional therapy iv. One-week recipes for body nutrition: breakfast, lunch, dinner, steamed bread, 75g soybean milk, 300g eggs, 1 side dishes (lettuce, 150g), sesame cakes, 150g shrimp tofu (vegetarian dishes, 200g tofu, shrimp,/kloc). Oil 10g) rice porridge 1 small bowl (rice flour 25g) small flower roll 100g celery and bean curd skin shredded pork (celery 250g, bean curd skin 25g, shredded pork 30g, oil 10g) mistresses 1 bag (sugar-free). 60g of rice flour, 60g of corn flour, roasted saury (saury 100g), rapeseed bean curd (300g of rapeseed, 50g of bean curd, oil 10g), rice (rice 130g), shredded mung bean sprouts (300g of mung bean sprouts and 25g of meat) and Chinese cabbage egg soup. Kloc-0/0g) rice flour steamed bread 65438.0000000006 flour 50g) millet porridge 1 bowl (millet 25g) cauliflower fried meat (cauliflower 250g, meat 25g, oil 10g) four sweet bubbles (rice flour 40g, bean curd skin/kloc-0 Egg 1, oil 10g, cake 200g (flour 75g, corn flour 25g, rice flour 50g), sliced lettuce (lettuce 250g, meat 25g), seafood soup (cabbage 50g, fresh shellfish 10g, oil 10g). 50 grams of tofu, 4 grams of oil) vegetarian buns (flour 100 grams, eggs 1 piece, 50 grams of tofu, 5 grams of shrimp skin, 5 grams of fungus, 300 grams of vegetables) pickled mustard tuber and shredded pork soup (a little pickled mustard tuber, 20 grams of shredded pork) three-sided steamed bread (50 grams of rice noodles, 50 grams of flour, 25 grams of bean flour) 25 grams of meat) Winter melon soup (wax gourd 1 00g), 300 grams of soybean milk, eggs1small flower rolls, 50 grams of celery mixed with peanuts (celery100g, peanuts, 20g), mixed noodles (flour100g, bean noodles. 50 grams of meat) rice (1 00g of mutton (1 00g of beef or mutton) vegetable soup (200g of vegetables) seven-rice noodle porridge 1 small bowl (20g) steamed bread 50g of eggs1assorted spinach (100g