Let patients correctly understand the definition of hypertension.
Without taking antihypertensive drugs, the upper limb blood pressure was measured three times on different days, and the systolic blood pressure was ≥ 140 mmHg and/or the diastolic blood pressure was ≥ 90 mmHg, which was regarded as hypertension.
In other words, hypertension includes three situations:
1. Systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg.
2. Systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure < 90mmhg.
3. Systolic blood pressure < 140mmhg and diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg.
It should be noted that the hypertension guideline issued by American Heart Association (AHA)20 17 redefines hypertension as ≥ 130/80, but the diagnostic criteria of hypertension in China guideline have not changed, so China still follows the previous standard 140/90.
Let patients fully realize the harm of hypertension.
Hypertension will aggravate the progress of arteriosclerosis, and the continuous increase of blood pressure will cause damage to the heart, brain, kidney and systemic blood vessels. In severe cases, there will be life-threatening clinical complications such as stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, renal failure and aortic dissection. These complications have the characteristics of "three highs": high incidence, high mortality and high disability rate, which will seriously affect the quality of life and longevity. Studies have shown that 70% of strokes and 50% of myocardial infarction are related to hypertension, and antihypertensive treatment can reduce the risk of stroke by 35% ~ 40%, myocardial infarction by 20% ~ 25% and heart failure by more than 50%. Therefore, preventing and controlling hypertension is the core strategy to curb the prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China.
Correctly identify the prone population of hypertension
The susceptible population of hypertension includes: overweight/obesity caused by excessive salt intake, high-calorie food and lack of activity, long-term excessive drinking, smoking, lack of exercise and long-term mental health.
Stress, family history of hypertension, male ≥ 55 years old, postmenopausal women. For those with one of the above risk factors, it is suggested to measure blood pressure 1 time every 6 months to change unhealthy lifestyle and prevent the occurrence of hypertension.
It should be noted that most patients with hypertension are usually asymptomatic, and many patients simply don't know that they have hypertension. It is only during physical examination or occasional blood pressure measurement that you find that your blood pressure is high, so high blood pressure is called "silent killer". Therefore, even for adults with normal blood pressure who are not prone to hypertension, it is recommended to measure blood pressure at least 1 time every year. When you go to a medical institution, no matter what disease you see, you should ask a doctor to take your blood pressure for early detection and treatment.
Emphasize the importance of "healthy lifestyle"
Adhering to a healthy lifestyle and taking antihypertensive drugs are the main methods to treat hypertension, and both are indispensable. A healthy lifestyle is the foundation, and rational drug use is the key to reaching the standard of blood pressure. The two must be combined to effectively control hypertension. However, in real life, many patients rely too much on medication, ignoring that hypertension is often caused by bad living habits. Therefore, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and self-management in life is extremely important for the prevention and treatment of hypertension.
Six parts of healthy lifestyle: limiting salt, losing weight, exercising more, quitting smoking and alcohol, and being calm.
1. Low salt and low fat diet:
(1) The China Nutrition Society recommends that the daily salt intake of healthy adults should not exceed 6 g, and that of patients with hypertension should not exceed 3 g (specifically, the salt intake per person per meal should not exceed 2 g, that is, 2 g standard salt spoons; The salt intake per person per day is not more than 6 g, that is, a flat cap after the rubber pad is removed from the ordinary beer bottle cap).
(2) the daily consumption of edible oil is less than 25 g (half A Liang, equivalent to 2.5 tablespoons);
(3) It is recommended that patients with hypertension eat 400 ~ 500 g (8 Liang ~ 1 kg) of fresh vegetables and 0 ~ 2 fruits per day. For patients with hypertension complicated with diabetes, under the premise of stable blood sugar control, fruits with low or medium sugar can be selected, including apples, kiwis, strawberries, pears and grapefruit.
2. Controlling body mass: To control body mass and avoid overweight/obesity, we should pay attention to three aspects, namely, paying attention to the "difference" between actual body mass and ideal body mass (body mass index = body mass (kg)/ height 2 (m2)); Pay attention to the total fat (body fat), and the body fat of adult men should not exceed 25% of their body weight; Women do not exceed 30% of their body weight; Pay attention to the distribution of fat in the whole body (body shape). The more abdominal fat accumulates, the higher the risk of diseases such as hypertension.
3. Exercise: Hypertensive patients can choose aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, flexibility exercise and balance function.
It should be noted that the blood pressure of hypertensive patients is often at a relatively high level in the morning, and the morning is also a period of high incidence of cardiovascular events, so it is best to exercise in the afternoon or evening. In addition, there should be 5 ~ 10 min warm-up and relaxation exercise before and after formal exercise to avoid sudden and strenuous exercise and stop without transition.
4. Quit smoking: In hypertensive patients who smoke, the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs is reduced, and it is often necessary to increase the dose; Quitting smoking can significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and other diseases.
5. Alcohol restriction: Long-term excessive drinking is a risk factor for hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, and drinking can also antagonize the effect of antihypertensive drugs, making blood pressure difficult to control; After abstaining from alcohol, in addition to the decrease of blood pressure, the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs has also been greatly improved.
(1) Patients with hypertension had better not drink alcohol. If you drink alcohol, a small amount is recommended, with wine less than 100 ml (equivalent to 2 ounces), beer less than 250 ml (half a catty) and liquor less than 50 ml (1 ounce); Half of the women, pregnant women don't drink.
6. Psychological balance: Preventing and relieving psychological stress is an important aspect of preventing and treating hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.
Correct the misunderstanding of hypertension in time.
At present, there are many misunderstandings about hypertension, so it is necessary to clarify these misunderstandings and prevent and treat hypertension scientifically. Common misunderstandings are as follows:
1. Take medicine according to the feeling and estimate blood pressure according to the symptoms. Some people think that hypertension need not be treated as long as there are no uncomfortable symptoms, which is very wrong. The level of blood pressure is not necessarily related to the severity of symptoms.
2. Unwilling to take medicine too early. Many young patients are reluctant to take medicine after being diagnosed with hypertension, fearing that antihypertensive drugs will produce "drug resistance", and taking them too early will lead to ineffective medication in the future, so they will not take them now if the symptoms are not serious. This is a wrong idea, antihypertensive drugs will not produce drug resistance.
3. antihypertensive treatment, stop taking medicine when blood pressure is normal. When blood pressure drops to normal after taking the medicine, some patients think that hypertension has been cured and stop taking the medicine on their own. However, hypertension is incurable and can only be controlled by comprehensive treatment, which requires long-term or even lifelong antihypertensive drugs.
4. Simply rely on drugs and ignore the improvement of lifestyle. Some patients think that long-term regular medication is enough after getting high blood pressure. In fact, drug therapy should be based on a healthy lifestyle, and both are indispensable.
5. Just take the medicine, regardless of the effect. Some people think that everything will be fine as long as they take medicine, and they don't have to worry anymore. They don't pay attention to their blood pressure, and they don't measure their blood pressure regularly, so they can't guarantee their blood pressure to reach the standard for a long time.