Female physical examination project
1. routine examination of leucorrhea
The routine examination of leucorrhea mainly includes the examination of mold, trichomonas, vaginal cleanliness and bacterial vaginosis. Through these tests, we can not only distinguish whether there are trichomonas, mold and bacterial vaginitis, but also determine the pH value and cleanliness of vagina. This operation is simple, and the inspection results can be known in time.
2. Routine urine examination
Routine urine examination mainly includes urine color, pH, transparency, epithelial cells, red blood cells, white blood cells, protein, cast, specific gravity and urine sugar. Through these examinations, diseases such as urinary tract infection, biliary obstruction, kidney calculi's disease, diabetes, acute and chronic nephritis and nephrotic syndrome can be found in time.
3. Vaginal examination
Through vaginal examination, we can see whether the surface of vaginal mucosa is smooth, whether the texture is normal, whether there is bleeding point, and whether the characteristics and smell of vaginal secretions are normal. Normal leucorrhea is egg white-like or white paste, which has no fishy smell and is less, but it will increase during ovulation and pregnancy. If there are abnormal conditions, patients will have local itching, burning sensation and other corresponding clinical symptoms.
4. Cervical examination
Cervical examination is mainly to observe whether there are tumors, ulcers, erosion and polyps on the cervix, whether the size of the cervix is normal, whether the surface is smooth, whether the texture is excellent, and whether there is uterine prolapse. If the examination is normal, it means mild, moderate, itchy and painless, and so on. If abnormality is found, the classification of corrosion will be described in detail.
5.b-ultrasound examination
B-ultrasound examination is mainly used to diagnose uterine tumors, uterine malformations, ovarian solid tumors, ovarian cystic tumors, pelvic inflammatory masses or abscesses, early pregnancy, miscarriage, stillbirth, ectopic pregnancy, hydatidiform mole and other diseases, so as to nip in the bud.
6. Cervical scraping examination
Cervical curettage examination refers to the doctor taking a small amount of cell samples from the cervix, which can be used for the hormone level of cervical exfoliated cells and the precancerous examination of scraped cells under the microscope. It is the simplest, fastest and most effective diagnostic method for extensive screening of cervical cancer at present.
7.colposcopy
Generally, this kind of inspection will be carried out when the patient's bus inspection result is abnormal. Use 10 ~ 40 times binocular magnifying glass to directly observe whether there are signs of cervical cancer. If suspicious areas are found, they can directly and accurately locate the next biopsy.
8. Examination of uterus and accessories
Understand the position of the uterine fundus, whether it is active or not, and what kind of texture it is. Normal uterus is inverted pear-shaped, mostly in forward flexion, with moderate hardness and good fluidity. If the uterus is enlarged, hardened and the surface is not smooth, it is abnormal and needs further examination.
9. Breast examination
Breast examination now mainly refers to infrared breast examination. It is convenient, efficient and painless to find many lesions invisible to the naked eye by using near-infrared camera. Once breast abnormalities are found, timely treatment can effectively prevent and treat breast diseases and prevent disease deterioration and canceration.
Male physical examination items
1. Cholesterol check
Cholesterol content can be used as a reference for heart disease risk. It is recommended to start the exam after the age of 20. Check every 5 years 1 time. If two indicators in the inspection are on the high side, it is necessary to check 1 year/time every six months.
2. Blood pressure measurement
When the blood pressure exceeds 140/90 mm Hg, the probability of stroke or heart disease will greatly increase. It is recommended to measure blood pressure as early as childhood. If the result is normal, check 1 time every year; if it is too high, check 1 time every six months.
3. Diabetes screening
This test determines the risk of diabetes by testing the body's ability to absorb glucose. If you have no family history, overweight or high blood pressure, you can start the examination at the age of 45. If there is the above situation, we should start from a young age. The frequency is every 3 years 1 time.
Step 4 check the vitamin d level
With the growth of age, our body's ability to synthesize vitamin D through sunlight gradually declines, so people over 40 years old are likely to lack vitamin D. A simple blood test can tell whether there is vitamin D deficiency. It is recommended to have an annual examination after the age of 45.
5. Bone mineral density test
Don't think that only women have osteoporosis. 6% of men over the age of 50 will have a femoral fracture due to osteoporosis. It is suggested that/kloc-0 should be tested every five years from the age of 65, and earlier if the male is thin or has a history of fracture.
6. Colonoscopy
At present, 39% of colon cancer patients are not found until the late stage. And if found in time, 90% of colon cancer can be cured. Colonoscopy is the best method for early detection of lesions. It is suggested to do/kloc-0 colonoscopy every five years and/kloc-0 colonoscopy every 1 0 years from the age of 50. If someone in the immediate family has this disease, the examination should be started according to the age of the relative before the onset 10.
7. Examination of fecal occult blood
This examination can find out whether there is blood invisible to the naked eye in the stool, whether there is ulcer or even cancer in the digestive tract. From the age of 50, it is best to have it once a year 1 time. If the intestinal condition has been bad, it will be earlier.
8. Skin cancer screening
Men are more likely to get skin cancer than women. When abnormal moles or other lesions appear on the skin, you should seek medical advice in time. Experts suggest that this kind of inspection can be carried out at any time, once a month.
9. Eye and vision examination
About 65,438+0/3 adults failed to check their eye health and vision regularly. The American Optometrists' Association recommends an examination every 1-3 years from the age of 18-60. After the age of 60, you should follow the doctor's advice and increase the number of examinations.
10. Hearing test
By the age of 60, 1/3 of people's hearing loss. Men are more prone to hearing loss due to noise. Experts suggest that if you find abnormal hearing, you should start the examination. The American Language Listening Association suggests that before the age of 50, the hearing should be checked every 10 years. For those over 50 years old, check every three years 1 time.
1 1. Thyroid function examination
The thyroid gland regulates the speed of metabolism. Once the male thyroid function is abnormal, there will be problems such as sexual dysfunction. The American Thyroid Association recommends that men have 1 physical examination every year after the age of 35.
12. Screening of metabolic syndrome
Waist circumference exceeds100 cm; High density lipoprotein cholesterol is lower than 40 mg/dl; Triglyceride is higher than150mg/dl; Blood pressure exceeds 130/85 mm Hg; Fasting blood sugar content exceeds 100 mg/dl. Men who meet three or more requirements should have 1 physical examination every 3-5 years from the age of 50.