Dust is one of the main occupational hazards in rubber products processing industry. In the process of production and processing, there are a lot of dust flying in the transportation, crushing, drying, screening, batching and plastic mixing of various chemical raw materials. As we all know, the finer the powder additives needed by rubber products processing industry, the more favorable it is for dispersion and easy to fly away, which often becomes a difficult problem to solve in dust prevention work. In foreign countries, the T _ L _ V of grade A inorganic filler is 10 ms/m, but when the actual concentration of dust in the atmosphere reaches this level, it is unbearable for people.
2. Poison
Workers in many processes of rubber factory are exposed to solvents, mainly gasoline, benzene, toluene, xylene, ethyl acetate, chlorobenzene (some brands of adhesives) and so on. In the drying process of semi-finished products or finished products, solvent volatile gas will be produced, which will cause workers to be hurt. Control standard of solvents in the air of rubber products workshop (m s/m): benzene and toluene.
3。 noise
In the process of rubber processing, the noise generated by mechanical friction, vibration and impact will affect the health of workers who operate in high-noise environment for a long time, such as deafness, hypertension, central nervous system damage and so on. According to the national standard GB J 87-85 "Noise standard of various places in industrial enterprises", the noise limit of production workshops and workplaces (workers are exposed to noise for 8 hours every day) is less than 9 0 d B. According to the actual measurement, most sections of rubber factories are around 8 0 d B, and a few sections are above 9 0 d B [7]. In addition, high temperature, vibration, microwave, X-ray and radiation are also harmful factors that cannot be ignored in rubber processing and production.
Preventive measures of occupational diseases in rubber industry
China is a developing country with a weak foundation in industrial hygiene and occupational disease prevention. From scientific research and the formulation of relevant laws and regulations to the professional quality of industrial health team, there is a big gap compared with advanced countries. As for the rubber products processing industry, the industrial hygiene problem has not received due attention and the investment of funds and personnel. Accordingly, combined with the industrial hygiene characteristics of this industry, the following preventive measures are put forward.
Block contact path
Rubber products processing plants should keep pace with the times and adopt new technologies and new processes. Actively carry out technical transformation, such as closed vulcanization, automatic weighing, powder granulation, etc. , fundamentally eliminate or reduce the exposure to productive harmful factors. For example, in the aspect of dust control, an air suction hood is added right above the masterbatch weighing post in the rubber mixing section to ensure that the dust generated in production can be sucked into the hood and ensure the effective dust removal effect; The side suction port of the dust removal device in the powder metering post in the rubber mixing section should be moved up appropriately to ensure that the dust generated during metering does not pass through the breathing zone of the operator within the range of 1.5 m); A dust hood should be installed directly above the feeding operation post to timely eliminate the carbon black dust escaping due to recoil during feeding; Give timely and regular personal protective equipment to workers exposed to dust, and require workers to wear it in time and correctly, and do a good job in personal protection; The production equipment and protective facilities should be inspected and maintained regularly to ensure the normal operation of the air suction and detoxification devices and ventilation facilities in the production workshop, achieve good air suction and detoxification effects, and control the concentration of toxic substances in the air of the workplace to the lowest level [15]? After the transformation of equipment, technology and production environment in Dongtai Rubber Factory, the incidence of carbon black pneumoconiosis among rubber refiners dropped sharply, from 12.00% to 1.03%[ 16]. The tire processing factory used a new formula of tire inner lining rubber, and canceled the process of brushing talcum powder, so that the post operators were protected from the harm of talcum powder dust and the occurrence of talcum pneumoconiosis was eliminated. It can be seen that the best way to eliminate pneumoconiosis is to control the cause, and the key to prevent pneumoconiosis is to improve the process, take dust removal measures, eliminate pollution sources and block contact routes.
Strengthen occupational health education
On the one hand, it is to educate workers. Only when workers truly understand the importance of industrial hygiene, the threat of occupational hazards to human health, especially the terrible consequences of chronic hazards, master the knowledge and methods of individual prevention, and actively participate in and implement various prevention regulations can they truly achieve the expected goals.
Carry out health monitoring.
The purpose of health monitoring is to control and reduce the number of contacts, identify and detect subclinical changes of occupational hazards and people with employment and post contraindications at an early stage; Early detection of occupational disease patients. Health monitoring is mainly used for labor health monitoring and occupational health examination in the workplace. In terms of health monitoring, according to the results of monitoring and inspection, we often carry out labor hygiene supervision and inspection, find and eliminate serious occupational hazards as soon as possible, prevent and reduce the harm of rubber processing to workers, and protect the health of rubber products processing workers. According to the characteristics of different groups, put forward feasible suggestions or programs for governance and protection, and take different protective measures. For example, in addition to strengthening individual protection, workers exposed to carcinogens should consider taking regular off-duty breaks or adopting a rotation system, especially for workers in reproductive period to prevent reproductive function and future generations from being harmed, and strengthen female workers' protection and poison registration. In terms of occupational physical examination, according to the requirements of the National Law on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases, occupational health monitoring files are established for workers engaged in occupational hazards, and personal health information such as workers' occupational history, occupational hazard exposure history, occupational health examination results, occupational disease diagnosis and treatment are recorded in detail; When working in places with occupational hazards, workers should undergo occupational health examination before taking up their posts, regularly after taking up their posts, and after leaving their posts. For mobile and temporary workers, it is necessary to establish health records and implement health tracking management. During physical examination, patients found in physical examination should be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible, especially occupational diseases and occupation-related diseases, and regular review and compulsory visits should be made, and detailed records should be kept on file. Rubber industry is one of the industries with serious occupational hazards, with many harmful factors and great influence on workers' health. It is one of the key points of occupational disease prevention and control. Only by taking the above comprehensive preventive measures can the possibility of workers suffering from occupational diseases be reduced.