1. Weight and length: The weight and length of newborns are important indicators to evaluate their growth and development. Usually, a newborn will lose some weight within a few days after birth, but then it should gradually return to its birth weight. Body length is also an important indicator, reflecting the overall growth of the baby.
2. Skin color: Healthy newborns usually have pink skin without obvious jaundice or cyanosis. If you notice that your baby's skin turns yellow or cyanosis, it may be a sign of jaundice and you need to consult a doctor in time.
3. Breathing and heart rate: The breathing frequency of normal newborns is usually between 40 and 60 beats per minute, and the heart rate is between 120- 160 beats per minute. If you observe that your baby's breathing or heart rate is abnormal, such as too fast, too slow or irregular, you should seek medical advice in time.
4. Urination and defecation: Newborns should have multiple diapers and defecation every day. If the frequency of urination and defecation is obviously reduced or stopped, there may be a problem and you need to consult a doctor.
5. Behaviors and reactions: Healthy newborns usually have good behaviors and reactions. They should be able to look at your face and respond appropriately to sounds and touches. If abnormal behavior or insufficient response is observed, it is recommended to consult a doctor.
In addition, it is also important to take your baby to the pediatrician for physical examination regularly. Doctors will check the baby's organ development by measuring the baby's height, weight, head circumference and other indicators, and provide further suggestions and guidance. These are just some commonly used indicators and methods. If you have any questions about your baby's health, you'd better consult a professional doctor for detailed evaluation and suggestions.