brief introduction
19 years old, Wen Tianxiang won the first place in Luling Township School Examination. The following year (the fourth year of Baoyu), he entered Bailuzhou Academy in Jizhou (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi), and in the same year he chose Gong from Jizhou, and went to Lin 'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, with his father to take the exam. In the imperial examination, he pertinently put forward the "imperial examination strategy", put forward the reform plan and expressed his political ambition. Song Lizong was the first person to be elected in person, and he also became a protege of the powerful minister Jia Sidao. Wang Yinglin said: "It is the mirror of ancient friendship, loyal to the liver as a stone, and dare to congratulate others." But four days later, his father died unfortunately, and Wen Tianxiang went home to mourn for three years. Later, he successively went to Zhongshu, and served as a naval officer, a punishments officer, a Jiangxi officer, a Shangshu Zuosi officer, a Hunan officer and a Ganzhou officer.
In the first month of the first year of Deyou, Song Gongdi (1275), due to the massive attack of the Yuan army, the defense line of the Yangtze River in Song Jun collapsed, and the imperial court ordered various places to organize military forces and soldiers to be loyal to him. Wen Tianxiang immediately donated his fortune as a military expense, recruited local heroes, and formed a rebel army of more than 10,000 people to go to Lin 'an. In Song Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang was appointed as the magistrate of Pingjiang Prefecture, ordered to send troops to rescue Changzhou, and then ordered him to rescue Shangguan alone. Because of the fierce offensive of the Yuan Army, Jiangxi rebels fought bravely, but failed to stop the Yuan Army in the end.
In the first month of the following year, the Yuan army arrived in Lin 'an, and civil and military officials fled. Empress Xie appointed Wen Tianxiang as the right prime minister and special envoy of the Tang Dynasty, and sent him out of the city to negotiate in an attempt to make peace with the Yuan Army. Wen Tianxiang arrived at the Yuan Army Camp, but was detained by Bo Yan. Seeing that the tide had run out, Empress Xie had to give up the city and surrender to the Yuan Army.
The Yuan Army occupied Lin 'an, but Huaihe River, Jiangnan, Fujian and Guangxi were not completely controlled and occupied by the Yuan Army. So, Bo Yan tried to seduce Wen Tianxiang and use his reputation to clean up the mess as soon as possible. Wen Tianxiang would rather die than surrender, so Bo Yan had to escort him to the north. Wen Tianxiang ventured to flee on his way to Zhenjiang. After many difficulties and obstacles, he arrived in Fuzhou on May 26th, the first year of Jingyan (1276), and was appointed as the right prime minister by Zhao Yun, the little emperor of Song Duanzong.
Wen Tianxiang was extremely dissatisfied with Zhang Shijie's autocratic politics and was at odds with Chen, so he left the Southern Song Dynasty and set up a government in Nanjian House (now Nanping, Fujian), where he served as the governor and commanded the anti-Yuan. Soon, Wen Tianxiang successively moved to Tingzhou (now Changting, Fujian), Zhangzhou, Longyan, Meizhou and other places, making contact with the anti-Yuan rebels in various places and persisting in the struggle. In the summer of the second year of Jingyan (1277), Wen Tianxiang led troops from Meizhou to attack Jiangxi. After Yidu (now Du Yu, Jiangxi Province) won a great victory, Ganzhou was heavily attacked and Jizhou (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi Province) was attacked, and many counties were recovered successively. In Yuan Dynasty, Xuanwei of Jiangxi made Hengli launch a counterattack in Xingguo County. Wen Tianxiang was defeated, conquered the remnants and retreated to Zhou Xun (the former site was in Longxi, Guangdong). In the summer of the first year of Xiangxing (1278), Wen Tianxiang learned that Duanzong was dead and his brother Zhao Min was moved to Yashan. In order to get rid of the predicament, he asked to lead an army to meet the Southern Song Dynasty. Due to Zhang Shijie's resolute opposition, Wen Tianxiang had to give up and lead the army back to Chaoyang County. In the winter of the same year, the Yuan Army launched a massive attack, and Wen Tianxiang was attacked by Zhang Hongfan, a general of the Yuan Army, on his way to Haifeng, and was defeated and captured.
Wen Tianxiang attempted suicide by taking poison, and was taken to Yashan by Zhang Hongfan, asking him to write a letter and give birth to Zhang Shijie. Wen Tianxiang said, "I can't protect my parents. Can I teach others to betray their parents? " Zhang Hongfan didn't listen, forcing Wen Tianxiang to write again and again. Wen Tianxiang also copied a poem he wrote a few days ago, Crossing Ding Yang, to Zhang Hongfan. Zhang Hongfan read that "life has never died since ancient times, and it needs a heart to shine." Two words, can not help but also moved, no longer forced Wen Tianxiang.
Twenty days after writing Crossing the Zero Ocean, Lu Xiufu jumped into the sea with his 8-year-old young emperor Zhao Min on his back, and the Southern Song Dynasty perished. Zhang Hongfan asked Yuan Shizu how to deal with Wen Tianxiang, and Yuan Shizu said, "Who doesn't have a loyal minister?" Zhang Hongfan was ordered to treat Wen Tianxiang with courtesy, send Wen Tianxiang to Dadu (now Beijing), and put him under house arrest, determined to surrender to Wen Tianxiang.
First, Liu Qu, the former prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty who surrendered to the Yuan Dynasty, explained Wen Tianxiang's appearance and advised him to surrender. When Wen Tianxiang saw Liu's great anger, Liu had to leave angrily. Yuan Shizu demanded the surrender of Song Gongdi and Zhao Xian, who had reduced the yuan. Wen Tianxiang knelt on the ground in the north, crying, and said to Zhao Xian, "Come back!" Zhao Xian has nothing to say, disgruntled. Yuan Shizu was furious and ordered to tie Wen Tianxiang's hands and put on a wooden cangue. Put him in a military cell. Wen Tianxiang stayed in prison for more than ten days before the jailer let him go: it was another half month before he took off his wooden yoke.
Kyle Polo, the prime minister of the Yuan Dynasty, personally held a trial to interrogate Wen Tianxiang. Wen Tianxiang was taken to the hall of the Privy Council, towering away, just bowed to Kyle Poirot. Kyle Poirot called on Wen Tianxiang to kneel. Wen Tianxiang struggled to sit on the ground and never gave in. Kyle Poirot asked Wen Tianxiang, "What do you have to say now?" Wen Tianxiang replied, "There are ups and downs in the world. The destruction and slaughter of the country have occurred throughout the ages. I am loyal to Song, I just want to die early! " Kyle Poirot flew into a rage and said, "Are you going to die? I won't let you die. I want to detain you! " Wen Tianxiang was fearless and said, "I would rather die for justice than be imprisoned!" "
From then on, Wen Tianxiang spent three years in prison. In prison, he received a letter from his daughter Liu Niang and learned that his wife and two daughters were slaves in the palace and lived like prisoners. Wen Tianxiang knew that her daughter's letter was a hint from Yuan Ting: as long as she surrendered, her family could be reunited. However, Wen Tianxiang doesn't want to lose his integrity because of his wife and daughter, although his heart ached. In his letter to his sister, he said, "I am very sad to receive a letter from Miss Liu. Who has no wife, children, flesh and blood? But now, it is a kind of life to die without hesitation. what can I do? What a pity! ..... can make Liu Nv and Huan Nv become good people, but dad can't. Tears choked and choked. "
Prison life was hard, but Wen Tianxiang endured the pain and wrote many poems. Immortal masterpieces such as the third volume of the Guide and Song of Justice were all written in prison.
In the 19th year of Yuan Shizu Zhiyuan (1282), the powerful minister Ahema was assassinated. Yuan Shizu ordered Ahema to lose his family fortune, investigated Ahema's sin, and appointed Heli Huosun as the right prime minister. Li and Hawthorne put forward the idea of governing the country by Confucianism, which was recognized by Yuan Shizu. In August, Yuan Shizu asked the minister, "Who is the prime minister of the North and the South?" Ministers replied: "Northerners are like Lu Ye Chu Cai, and southerners are like Wen Tianxiang." Therefore, Yuan Shizu issued an order to grant senior officials in Wen Tianxiang prominent positions. Some of Wen Tianxiang were demoted to Yuan's old friends, and immediately informed Wen Tianxiang about it and persuaded Wen Tianxiang to surrender, but Wen Tianxiang refused. 1February 8th, Yuan Shizu summoned Wen Tianxiang and surrendered himself. Wen Tianxiang is still bowing to Yuan Shizu. Yuan Shizu didn't force him to kneel. He just said, "You've been here for a long time. If you can change your mind and be loyal to me in the Song Dynasty, I can give you a position in Zhongshu Province. " Wen Tianxiang replied, "I am the Prime Minister of DaSong. The country is dead, and I just want to die quickly. It is not suitable for a long time. " Yuan Shizu asked again, "What do you want?" Wen Tianxiang replied, "I wish death were enough!" Yuan Shizu was very angry and ordered Wen Tianxiang to be executed immediately.
The next day, Wen Tianxiang was escorted to the execution ground in Chaicheng. The beheading officer asked, "What does the Prime Minister have to say? Playing back can also save you from death. " Wen Tianxiang shouted, "Die or die. What else can you say? " He asked the prison officer, "which way is the south?" Someone showed him the direction, and Wen Tianxiang bowed down to the south and said, "My business is over, and my heart is clear!" Therefore, the neck penalty, the righteousness is long. After his death, he found a poem in his belt: "Confucius said that he is benevolent, and Mencius said that he takes justice and does his best, so benevolence is the best." What have you learned from reading the books of sages? Occasionally, I have no conscience. "Wen Tianxiang died, but take fame and fortune as a martyr.
Poetry:
Crossing the ocean of zero
When hard work comes,
There are few stars around.
The mountains and rivers are broken and the clouds are surging.
Life experiences ups and downs.
Fear. The beach says fear,
Sigh in the ocean.
Who hasn't died since ancient times?
Take the heart of Dan and follow history.
Song Zhengqi
Heaven and earth are upright, in many ways. Below is the Yuehe River, and above is the sun star. People call it awe, which is overwhelming.
The road to the emperor should be clear, including the Ming court. When you are poor, you can see it, one by one. In the history of Qi Taishi Jane, in the east of Shanxi Hu Bi.
Chasing in Zhang Liang, Qin, and on Emperor Wudi's Day. As the head of General Yan, he is endowed with the blood of Ji. Raise your teeth for Zhang Xun and spit your tongue for Yan Changshan.
Or for Liaodong's hat and Qing dynasty. Li bingxue Or for a model, a crying hero. Or to cross the river and swallow Hu Jie generously.
Still want to hit a thief, the vertical head is broken. It takes qi as its power, and it lasts forever. When it runs through the sun and the moon, life and death are at peace.
The earth depends on it, and the Tianzhu depends on it. Three cardinal principles are life and morality is the root. To Li Yangjiu, the official tone is also ineffective.
Chu prisoners carry crowns, and carts send them to the poor north. Tripods are as sweet as cups and are hard to get. There is a jack-o'-lantern in the darkroom, and the spring courtyard is closed and dark.
Cattle and horses share a bar of soap, and chickens live in phoenix. Once it is foggy, it is divided into ditches and barren areas. If it is so hot and cold, it is easy to get rid of it.
Hey, I'm on the battlefield and I'm happy for my country. Is he clever? Yin He won't be a thief. I care about this. Look up at the clouds.
My heart is sad and the sky is extremely high. The days of philosophers are far away, and the punishment is over. Reading on the eaves of the wind, painting on the ancient road.
Words:
The Moon on the Yangtze River
The water and sky are vast, and I hate the east wind and the British affairs in the world. I can't bear to see through the city among the remnants of Wu Hua, a Shu bird.
Bronze sparrow Chun Qing, golden autumn tears, who hates this snow? Open firm but gentle, bullfight empty recognition of Qi Jie.
That letter Jiang Hai spent the rest of his life traveling south to Wan Li. It was a ship. I want to leave a drunken eye for Ou Meng, and I want to look at the clouds carefully.
Win by swallowing the column, go back to the flag, and be crowned through the ages. With insomnia, Qinhuai should be a lonely moon.
The Moon on the Yangtze River
Gankun can be great, but it's not what's in the pool. There is no place to worry about the wind and rain, and it is colder.
Cross-cutting poetry, going upstairs to write poetry, everything is snowing in the air. If the river flows like this, there will be Yingjie.
I can laugh at a leaf and drift away, and then come to Huaishui, which is the breeze. In the mirror, Zhu Yan is gone, but Dan Xin is hard to disappear.
Going to Longsha, looking back, the front line is as green as hair. Old friends should remember that there is a waning moon on the branches of azaleas.
The Moon on the Yangtze River
Lushan Mountain is still desolate, and the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River is infinite. The sky is green and sunny, and the sweat is pervasive, which also blocks half of the East.
Wild geese cross the lonely peak, apes return to danger, and the wind and waves turn over the snow. Gan Kun is not old, but there are still talents in the world.
Just like a boat drifting, the river is falling, and the guests' dreams are urging Faming. Nanpu idle clouds grass tree, look back, the flag goes out.
Thirty years and ten years later, there are stars in the sky. Late at night, on hearing this, Hu Jia blew through the cold moon.
Qinyuanchun
What's wrong with dying for filial piety and loyalty? Since the honor is divided, the scholar has no integrity, and the monarch and the minister have no righteousness, whoever bears it.
Scold thieves and despise young people, love Yuan, and enjoy eternal fame. Later, there were no two public exercises.
Life is dying. Let's have a good fight. So that at that time, he betrayed the country, willingly surrendered to Lu, was reviled by others and felt at ease.
The ancient temple is quiet and gloomy, with elegant appearance, and the west Western jackdaw has fallen a few times. There is an adulterer under the post booth. Think it over.
Niannujiao
Where is it? It sounds hollow, but it sounds like a bell. Wang Liping sailed out of Hongliang fishing market in Hengxueling, Pingjiang.
If god drives you and you obey the emperor, you will have an epiphany. Nanyang is full of enthusiasm, which still exists today.
Think of Su Wu's poverty, spend the night in first frost, and watch wormwood sing coldly. The soldiers still hurried away, rustling and waving flags.
The moon is white and bright, the clouds are frozen and cracked, and the fields are sad. My soul is in prison and I am in this world.
Niannujiao
Covered with cloud cages, all over the countryside, as far as the eye can see. At this point, the green hills are discolored, which is the beginning of Qiongtai.
The fishing boat is foggy, the firewood is lost, and the makeup cream. The child is short and short, with three high temples.
Jiangcheng dreams of Luo Fu, following in Yin Hao's footsteps, Mr. Dong Guo's shoes. I'm going to camp in an earthen house with Yuan and lie on the height of six flowers.
This is a cold day, who said that water town, eternal lonely minister tears. Lu Xianbai, muddy doubt white Liu Ji.
Man Jiang Hong
In the Swallow House, there are several autumn scenery. Acacia, youth is like a dream, take a trip to the gods.
Muscle jade is dark and slow, and tears obliquely pass through the bud side. The most unprovoked, banana shadow on the screen window, green light rest.
The winding pool is closed and the high platform is destroyed. There is nothing to say about human affairs. Money goes to Nanyang, full of blood.
The world is like a storm and my body is a bright moon. Happy laughter, a good romantic life, flowers are missing.
Man Jiang Hong
How beautiful is the pipa outside the sand? The most bitter thing is that a flower moved from Yao Huang to Xianque.
The queen mother celebrated the banquet, and the immortal's tears filled the golden plate. Listen to the palace, rain twice in the middle of the night and rest.
The clouds are gone and the fragrance is gone. Bronze camels hate it, so to speak. I want a generous man.
Looking back at Zhaoyang leaving dusk, the sad copper finches welcome the autumn moon. I don't want to be like heaven, but I'm short of money.
Man Jiang Hong
Wine Tianshan Mountain, today Xu, sign saddle and rest less. Made of iron, hard-working, strong husband.
Correcting Kun is not a different thing, and the clouds are shining in Wan Li. Laughing all the time and always talking about frogs, why bother?
When the cymbals are blown, the robes are covered with snow. The military power is strong, and the voice is absolutely. Learning to be excellent is an official, and forbearing to be disabled.
Luo Ding has nothing to lose. Who dares ask? The curtains are thin and bloody. Fast three dynasties, filial piety, Tianxin, Anlingque.
Qi Tianle.
South Tower turns to Yinhe Shu, and Yu Di blows plum early. Parrots are sunny, grapes are warm, and a ray of Xiang Yan is clear.
Yaochi is full of spring. I miss peach dew and rosy clouds, chrysanthemum waves and dawn. The robe is full of flowers, and the royal fairy flowers surround the rainbow.
Guan Yu is not old. Called the rock-headed yellow crane and smiled at the shore towel. Sword blows Huai Qing, crosses Chu Dai, and rain washes Sichuan smoke.
Printing yellow is like a bucket. Look at that half inkstone rose, full of willows. When Sha Lu came back, Jin's "The Story of Diexin" had a little wing.
Qi Tianle.
In the evening, I received a letter from Dongfeng. Xiaoxiang is a new green river with bright willows, warm plums and a bunch of flowers in spring.
The silver cicada takes a bath first. The sand goose will return, and the sea is at the beginning. Clouds hold banners and laugh at people drawing diaphragm music.
Star rainbow Yao tree is ethereal, the ring rings and the sky collapses, and the cage is luxurious. Lu Geng copper, ice turns to iron horse, curtain light shakes golden millet.
Slowly lean on bamboo. More respect for Yao, full of embarrassment. Looking back at Gong Lian, I went back to the hospital at night.