1, symptoms of kidney problems
At present, chronic kidney disease has become a global public health problem, the prevalence rate is increasing day by day, and the continuous progress often leads to dialysis demand, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications and death, showing a soaring trend year by year. Recently, the United States, Europe, Japan, Australia, China, Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong and other places have successively conducted large-scale epidemiological surveys, all suggesting that the prevalence rate of chronic kidney disease in adults is as high as 10%, while the awareness rate among patients is only about 9%. The investigation report from the Department of Nephrology of the First Hospital of Peking University shows that the prevalence of chronic kidney disease accounts for 13.0% of the general population, and it is estimated that the number of patients with chronic kidney disease in China will exceed 65,438+billion. Moreover, the incidence of chronic kidney disease is also showing a younger trend. How to find chronic kidney disease early and take effective measures to delay its progress has become a top priority.
Early symptoms are easily overlooked.
Compared with other major diseases that endanger human health, chronic kidney disease is more insidious, with no obvious symptoms at the onset, and often develops into uremia at the initial stage of medical treatment.
Professor Zhou Fude, who has been engaged in clinical frontline work for a long time and has rich experience in the treatment of kidney diseases, especially critical and difficult kidney diseases, said that chronic kidney diseases are syndromes caused by chronic glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, hypertension, chronic pyelonephritis and other reasons. , leading to multiple organs involved in the whole body.
"Some patients with chronic kidney disease can have no symptoms, but only find their condition in routine physical examination. Early symptoms are poor appetite, no desire to eat, and even nausea and vomiting; Some patients are inattentive, have poor memory and are prone to fatigue; Many patients will also be accompanied by elevated blood pressure; In addition, it can be accompanied by anemia, osteoporosis, sexual dysfunction, menstrual disorders, etc. " Professor Zhou Fude explained that although chronic kidney disease is not uncommon, it is easy to be ignored, because the early symptoms of kidney disease are often not obvious, and urine test is needed to find it. When people go to the hospital for the first time, they often find that the disease has reached the advanced stage and missed the best opportunity for treatment. Eventually lead to renal failure (uremia), can only rely on dialysis or kidney transplantation to maintain life, and even many young patients died prematurely due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications.
It should be pointed out that chronic kidney disease also increases the risk of patients suffering from other diseases. For example, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in patients with nephropathy is several times higher than that in normal people. In addition, it can also cause edema, anemia, renal osteopathy, malnutrition, sexual dysfunction and so on. Due to the lack of basic discriminant knowledge, these phenomena are often ignored by many patients.
Prevention of self-identity is better than cure.
At present, the prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease is generally characterized by high prevalence rate, high cardiovascular disease prevalence rate, high mortality rate, low awareness rate of cardiovascular disease, low prevention rate and low awareness rate. At the same time, its treatment cost is very high, and many families are poor and return to poverty due to illness.
As long as kidney diseases are treated regularly in time, most cases can be completely cured or controlled, such as acute nephritis, acute pyelonephritis and minimal change nephropathy in nephrotic syndrome.
In the past 30 years of reform and opening up, people's living standards have been greatly improved due to the rapid social and economic development in China. They ate more animal fat and protein, suffered more work pressure, exercised less, suffered from obesity, diabetes and hypertension, and the spectrum of kidney diseases changed accordingly. Because in the etiology of uremia, the proportion of glomerular diseases such as IgA nephropathy and membranous nephropathy is decreasing, while the proportion caused by diabetes and hypertension is increasing, accounting for 15%- 17% and 10%- 12% respectively. The onset age of uremia has obviously moved backward, and the number of patients over 50 years old has obviously increased.
"In fact, early identification is the key to the prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease, whether for the elderly or young people." Professor Zhou Fude pointed out that if urine routine and even microalbuminuria are checked regularly, the risk can be reduced. Especially for people at high risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia and obesity, urine can be checked regularly. Once there are symptoms such as edema, backache, hypertension, general weakness, dizziness, etc., it is necessary to be vigilant and check the urine in time. In addition, blood pressure should be measured regularly, as well as some blood biochemical indexes such as renal function, hemoglobin and morphological examination (such as B-ultrasound, etc.). ) should be detected.
For patients with proteinuria and hematuria suspected of nephritis, they should go to the Department of Nephrology as soon as possible, and make a definite diagnosis by percutaneous renal biopsy if necessary. Under the professional guidance of doctors, formulate corresponding treatment measures and strive for the best treatment opportunity. For mild and moderate patients, it is necessary to receive controlled treatment in time to delay or reverse its progress and prevent or delay uremia and its cardiovascular complications.
Strictly control the unfavorable incentives.
Data show that glomerulonephritis, diabetes and hypertension are the main factors affecting the occurrence of chronic kidney disease in China. In addition, other factors that may affect the kidney include hereditary diseases, such as polycystic kidney disease, urinary tract obstruction caused by kidney calculi's disease, male tumor or prostatic hypertrophy, recurrent urinary system infection, systemic lupus erythematosus, gout, analgesic nephropathy, drug damage, etc. If these unfavorable factors can be eliminated or controlled, the development of diseases can be prevented or delayed to some extent.
"According to statistics, young men aged 20 to 40 are the high-risk group of chronic nephritis," Zhou Fude said. Research shows that the prevalence rate of chronic kidney disease in Beijing is 65,438 03%, which is basically the same as that in the whole country. This ratio is very high, but because the incidence of kidney disease is usually hidden and difficult to be found, many people, especially young patients, often don't know that they have chronic kidney disease.
For young people with fast pace of life and high work pressure, to protect their kidneys, they must make adjustments in their living habits: eat half of salt; Appropriate exercise (three times a week, half an hour each time); Control weight; Do not abuse drugs, health products and folk remedies; Eat less fried food; Do a routine urine test at least once a year.
For patients who are already sick, they should also stay away from dangerous causes in their daily lives and protect their renal function. For example, don't take medicine indiscriminately, especially antipyretic and analgesic drugs (such as fenbid and voltarin). ), careful use of contrast media, reasonable adjustment of diet, to avoid overwork. According to the degree of renal function damage and whether it is accompanied by symptoms such as hypertension and edema, the intake of nutrients is determined. For example, patients with edema and hypertension should have a low-salt diet; Patients with renal insufficiency should avoid high-protein diet and eating animal viscera. In addition, controlling blood sugar, increasing exercise, losing weight and quitting smoking will all help reduce the risk of illness.
The incidence of nephropathy in children is high.
A survey report shows that more than 2 million children in China suffer from kidney disease. In 2006, there were 500,000 children suffering from kidney disease in Gansu province alone, among which the cases of chronic renal failure were increasing at the rate of 13% every year, so early diagnosis and early effective treatment became a top priority. Nephrology experts call for paying attention to kidney, regular physical examination, strengthening urine screening for high-risk groups, and alleviating the rapid rising trend of children's kidney disease in China.
2. How to protect kidney health
First, protect your feet.
Watch your feet.
One of the best ways to nourish the kidney is to keep your feet warm, because our kidney meridian comes from the soles of your feet, and our feet are also very vulnerable to cold. Therefore, it is particularly important to keep your feet warm. When we sleep, don't put our feet outside, don't blow at the electric fan and air conditioner, and don't always walk barefoot in wet places.
In addition, there are many acupoints on the soles of the feet, such as Yongquan point. "The kidney comes from the spring, and the spring is full." Before going to bed every night, you can press Yongquan point on the soles of your feet. Massage Yongquan point can tonify kidney and solidify essence.
Second, the stool should be unobstructed.
Poor stool, stagnant stool and upward attack of turbid qi not only make people upset, chest tightness and shortness of breath, but also hurt the kidney, leading to backache and fatigue, nausea and vomiting. Therefore, keeping the stool unobstructed is also a way to tonify the kidney.
If the stool is difficult to understand, you may wish to stick the back of your hand around the kidney and press it hard to stimulate kidney qi and accelerate defecation. When we walk, we can also rub our kidneys with the back of our hands, which can effectively relieve the symptoms of backache.
Third, drink water to nourish the kidney
Water is the source of life. Insufficient water and fluid may cause turbid toxin retention and increase the burden on the kidney. Therefore, drinking water regularly is a very important way to tonify the kidney.
Fourth, don't endure urine.
When the urine stored in the bladder reaches a certain level, it will stimulate the nerves and produce micturition reflex. At this time, you must go to the toilet in time to discharge the urine. Otherwise, the accumulated urine will become turbid and invade the kidneys. Therefore, timely excretion of urine is one of the best ways to nourish the kidney.
Fifth, promoting fluid production and nourishing kidney
The saliva in the mouth is divided into two parts: the sparse saliva is mainly spleen; The thick is saliva, which is dominated by the kidney. You can do an experiment and spit it out as soon as there is saliva in your mouth. In less than a day, you will feel weak and tired. This in turn proves that swallowing body fluid can nourish kidney essence and protect kidney.
Sixth, diet protects the kidneys.
There are many foods that tonify the kidney. In addition to black foods such as black sesame, black fungus, black rice and black beans, walnuts, leeks, shrimps and lamb loin can also tonify the kidney.
Seven, sleep nourishing kidney
Adequate sleep plays an important role in the maintenance of qi and blood biochemistry and kidney essence. Clinically, many patients with renal failure have experienced excessive staying up late, fatigue and lack of sleep. Therefore, don't stay up too late, develop good work and rest habits, go to bed early and get up early, which is conducive to the maintenance of kidney essence.
Eight, avoid fatigue and save sex life.
Excessive physical labor will hurt the spirit, excessive mental labor will hurt the blood, and excessive housework will hurt the essence. Therefore, we must do what we can, work moderately and have a good sex life. Only in this way can it help nourish kidney and protect kidney essence.