With the pressure and challenge of global environmental change, human beings are more and more aware of the great impact of architecture and its operation on the environment, and set off a wave of developing "green buildings" around the world.
Green building refers to a building that provides people with healthy, comfortable and safe living, working and activity space, at the same time, it realizes efficient utilization of resources (energy, land, water resources and materials) and has the least environmental impact during the whole life cycle of the building (material production, building planning, design, construction, operation and maintenance and demolition). Intelligent building is an important means and method to implement green building, and the two cannot be confused.
Green building emphasizes results, while intelligent building emphasizes means. Intelligent buildings use information technology, network technology and control technology to achieve a safer, healthier and more comfortable life, minimize resource consumption and reduce the impact on the environment. The rapid development of intelligent technology in the information network era has laid the foundation for the development of green buildings. In the long run, green building can not only meet the needs of sustainable development of buildings and cities, but also enrich, improve, update and expand the contents of traditional architecture disciplines, which has strong vitality and is an effective way to realize the leap-forward development of construction industry.
At present, China's energy consumption per unit building area is more than 2 to 3 times that of developed countries. There is a serious shortage of energy, land, water, materials and other resources in China, but the actual utilization efficiency is low and the environmental pollution is serious and still increasing. More than 90% of the proven energy resources reserves in China are coal, and the per capita reserves are only 1/2 of the world average. The per capita oil reserves are only11%; Natural gas is only 4.5%. China's per capita arable land is only 1/3 of the world's per capita arable land, and water resources are only1/4 of the world's per capita share; But solid adobe bricks destroy 6.5438+0.2 million mu of land every year; Compared with developed countries, the consumption level of materials is higher than that of steel 10% to 25%, mixing 1 m3 concrete consumes 80 kilograms more cement, the water consumption of sanitary ware exceeds 30%, and the sewage reuse rate is only 25% of developed countries.
According to statistics, more than 50% of the raw materials obtained by human beings from nature are used to build various buildings and their ancillary facilities, and these buildings consume about 50% of the world's energy in the process of construction and use; In the overall environmental pollution, air pollution, light pollution and electromagnetic pollution related to buildings account for 34%; Construction waste accounts for 40% of the total waste generated by human activities; In developing countries, due to the rapid increase of construction, the phenomenon of occupying land and destroying ecological environment is becoming more and more serious. China is in the stage of rapid development of industrialization and urbanization. In order to maintain an average annual GDP growth of more than 7% in the next smart year, it will face enormous resource constraints and environmental degradation pressure. The grim facts tell us that it is extremely urgent to develop energy-saving green buildings in order to take the road of sustainable development in China.
What hinders the development of energy-saving green buildings in China? I don't know who bears the brunt; In addition, the lack of effective incentive policies and strong laws and regulations, the lack of effective promotion and exchange platforms for new technologies, new materials, new accessories, new designs and management models, the lack of effective administrative supervision system, the lack of standard system, the unreasonable urban energy structure and the serious waste of resources have all affected the development process of green buildings.
In view of these problems, we should establish and improve the system of policies and regulations as soon as possible; Improve the technical standard support system; Establish an effective administrative supervision system; Strengthen international exchanges and cooperation; Strengthen training and publicity; Take compulsory measures to promote this process: first, implement existing laws and regulations and energy-saving standards. Through the establishment of news disclosure system and market clearing system, the design units and construction units that do not implement the national building energy efficiency design standards will be made public and given certain penalties until they are cleared from the market. Second, establish an economic incentive system through tax and other economic means to arouse the awareness of energy conservation of the whole people. Third, gradually establish a perfect technical system, spare parts supply system and feasible evaluation system. Fourth, strengthen scientific and technological research and supervision of the whole process of construction projects.
Whether green building will increase the construction cost and thus increase the burden on consumers is also a topic worthy of attention. In this regard, Vice Minister of Construction Chou Baoxing pointed out that many green energy-saving buildings use geothermal energy, solar energy and wind energy to reduce energy consumption, which can reach 75% or even 85%. According to the calculation of relevant departments, if energy saving reaches 60%, its cost will only increase by 5%-7% compared with the original traditional construction method, and the cost of energy-saving buildings can be recovered through energy saving after 5-8 years of use. Even the intelligent design of green energy-saving buildings will only increase the cost by 10%-20%. Moreover, green buildings can greatly reduce the incidence rate, improve people's vitality, reduce other energy consumption, greatly reduce social and ecological costs, and have long-term benefits for consumers.
China is a country with dense cities, large population and rapid urbanization. However, there is a big gap between China and developed countries in terms of building technology level, building energy consumption and building living comfort. With the intensification of world economic integration and the arrival of new technological revolution, especially the bid for the 2008 Olympic Games with the theme of "Green, Science and Technology, Humanity" will greatly promote the development of China's architectural technology. In addition to the above measures, there are still some problems we need to consider: the "four festivals" (energy saving, land saving, water saving and material saving) all have their own requirements. How to make overall consideration and comprehensive utilization? Where is the land-saving potential? How to allocate construction land reasonably? What is the focus of energy saving? How to reduce consumption? How to accelerate the recycling of water resources? How far is the road to new industrialization and industrial material saving from us? In the next few years, the green concept will gradually become the mainstream of the construction industry. By then, more and more green buildings with novel design, energy conservation and environmental protection will be presented in people's lives, forming a harmonious scene between man and nature and ensuring the sustainable development of the construction industry.
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