Hydrocephalus refers to the accumulation of excessive cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricular system, which makes the ventricle gradually expand, leading to increased intracranial pressure and brain dysfunction. Clinically, dehydration and diuresis can only relieve symptoms in a short time. For progressive hydrocephalus, surgical treatment can be performed, such as lateral ventricle-cisterna magna shunt, lateral ventricle-peritoneal shunt, etc.
Psychological guidance
Most patients with hydrocephalus are accompanied by mental disorders, unstable walking, incontinence and other symptoms, which are easy to cause self-pity. In addition, patients tend to have more concerns before operation because of worrying about the effect of surgery. Therefore, we should be caring and considerate, listen to patients' complaints more, make necessary counseling, and let them treat them with an optimistic attitude.
Preoperative guidance
1. Eat a high-protein, high-calorie and digestible diet to enhance the body's resistance and promote wound healing;
2. Explain the operation method, process and importance;
3. Take a proper rest to ensure adequate sleep;
4. skin preparation;
Pay attention to the temperature change to avoid catching a cold.
Postoperative guidance
Stay in bed quietly, avoid activities, and lie flat on the slope of 15 ~ 30 degrees to facilitate venous return and prevent cerebral hemorrhage. It is not advisable to eat water too early after operation;
2. Explain the causes of postoperative pain and the purpose of dehydration treatment;
3. Explain that abdominal distension and diarrhea may occur after operation, so that patients can be psychologically prepared;
4. Pay attention to the patient's description of pain and distinguish it from low intracranial pressure headache;
5. Poison follows the principle of postoperative rehydration, and the speed cannot be adjusted at will;
6. Keep the stool unobstructed to prevent increased intracranial pressure.
Discharge guidance
1. Strengthen nutrition and enter a high-protein, high-calorie, nutritious and digestible diet;
2. Pay attention to temperature changes to prevent colds;
3. People with physical disabilities should be accompanied during activities to prevent accidents;
4. Pay attention to abdominal and brain symptoms, prevent the shunt from blocking, and return to the clinic at any time if there is any abnormality;
5. Continue rehabilitation exercise and enhance self-care ability.
Effect evaluation
The length of patients and their families' understanding of the disease;
2. Patients and their families know the preventive measures for complications;
3. The patients and their families to master the matters needing attention of discharge.