Eyes: Rest your eyes every two hours 15 minutes, and try to do things unrelated to the computer during the rest to make your eyes see farther. Leaving the work area can reduce the pressure on eyes and body muscles, and also provide opportunities for interaction with others. More importantly, rest can also improve work efficiency. Check your eyes regularly every year. Dry eye is caused by insufficient lubrication of tears, which is mostly related to computer work. People who stare at computer work blink less, so tears are unlikely to fill their eyes normally. In addition, the air conditioning equipment in the office can be improved by using artificial tears. Remember to blink frequently to make sure your eyes are moist enough.
Sitting posture: the human body is not suitable for sitting for a long time. Sitting for a long time will slow down blood circulation, cause muscle pain, stiff neck and back and other symptoms. Climbing stairs is a good way to improve blood circulation. Or do some stretching exercises before work, which can prevent muscle tension caused by sedentary typing. Choose a chair that is easy to adjust and provides support for the waist and arms, and get rid of the sedentary habit.
Encephalomyelitis syndrome and ergonomic device
I. Introduction
Do you often feel neck and back pain, quadriplegia, tinnitus and headache after long-term computer use? If you have experienced or are experiencing these seemingly minor illnesses, but they often bother you, then you are welcome to join the "modern computer syndrome". Due to the popularity of computer use, I'm afraid you can't imagine that most computer families spend more time sitting in front of computers than sleeping in bed. Most people tend to think that the highest guiding principles for keeping healthy are healthy diet, adequate sleep and moderate exercise, but ignore the potential negative effects brought by long-term use of computers. The concept of "ergonomics" is to study how to design devices suitable for human body and develop comfortable computer use environment.
Second, the wrist injury and prevention
(a) wrist injury
(1) At present, the mouse is mainly designed according to the hand shape of Europeans and Americans, so it is generally too big for the hand shape of the East. In fact, a better mouse should consider the structure of ergonomic "hand bow". The so-called "hand bow" is a medical term for wrist structure. When our palms are naturally relaxed, the structure of our wrists is called "hand bow".
(2) Where is the median nerve?
The second most common is "soft tissue injury", including bursitis, tendonitis, tenosynovitis and ligament injury. Symptoms are pain and soreness. Soft tissue injury is characterized by more comfortable rest, and it will start to hurt again as long as you move a little.
(2) Preventive and ergonomic devices
First, the mouse
Pathological changes caused by long-term mouse use can be roughly divided into three types:
The first one is called "tennis elbow". Usually, when we use the mouse, we move our forearms and wrists. We spend too much time operating the computer and don't have enough rest time. In the long run, it is easy to overuse the extensor muscles of our arms and cause the so-called "tennis elbow", and the wrist is also easy to form "myositis".
The second type of lesion that is easy to cause is called "trigger finger". Generally speaking, the most common action when we use the mouse is "clicking", which seems simple, but it is not. A moving mouse click action requires the cooperation of all the muscles in the hand. If the hand muscles are in a state of tension for a long time in some highly precise operation occasions, such as computer-aided drawing, it is easy to form a "trigger finger". The so-called "trigger finger" means that the finger bends as if to pull the trigger.
The third easy situation is "shoulder pain", which is usually caused by the wrong height of tables and chairs. When we use the mouse, if the forearm is not supported, the hard part will concentrate on the shoulder. Think about it. If we move the mouse with the strength of the whole shoulder, can the shoulder not be sore for a while? Therefore, when using the mouse, it is best to adjust the height of the desk and chair first, so that the arms are flat on the desktop and the shoulders are naturally relaxed under the support of the arms.
At present, the ergonomic mouse on the market is more or less helpful for the prevention and treatment of injuries. Because the shape of the ergonomic mouse is designed under the most comfortable condition with one hand, this specially designed shape can average the contact pressure between the hand and the mouse, and there will be no excessive pressure at any point of the hand, so the ergonomic mouse is especially suitable for holding and is not easy to get tired.
keyboard
The main development direction of keyboard design, from the early traditional keyboard to today's ergonomic keyboard, is to make users more comfortable and save space. Therefore, the appearance of separated keyboard and the invention of WISEPAD are all aimed at reducing the natural situation of human using keyboard. The following are several representative products.
(1) Remodel the keyboard. At present, the most common design is to change the radian and shape of the existing keyboard so that the posture of the wrist and hand is close to the neutral position.
(2) Independent keyboard. Its design is to divide the keyboard into two halves. On the one hand, it changes the angle of the wrist on the keyboard, on the other hand, it makes the width close to the shoulder width, makes the wrist and forearm closer to the neutral posture, and reduces the ruler deviation. Some designs are to fix the two halves together, while others are connected by hinges, and users can adjust the angle by themselves.
(3) tent keyboard. The focus of the design is to reduce the palm down and wrist rotation during input. Some designs can adjust the keyboard to a nearly vertical direction, which requires users more time to adapt. In addition, the visibility of the keyboard is poor and the height of the whole keyboard becomes higher, which will bring trouble to the placement of the computer workbench and the support of the wrist is not good enough.
(4) trapezoidal keyboard arrangement. The keyboard is arranged in a bowl shape, and the keys are arranged closely. When a user hits a key, he only needs to move his finger downward to reduce muscle activity and prevent fatigue.
(5) Support the keyboard. At the same time, the wrist support plate is attached to the keyboard, so that the wrist can be supported without leaning on the hard keyboard edge or desktop, and the horizontal posture is maintained, which reduces the muscle activity of the upper limbs and improves the posture. However, if the wrist leans on the support plate for a long time, the wrist pressure will still increase. Therefore, it is suggested that the wrist be slightly raised when typing to avoid oppression, and it is only used as support when resting.
(6) Negative values tilt the keyboard. The position of the height adjustment bracket is changed to be close to the front of the user, so that the keyboard is tilted outward, so as to flatten the wrist of the user and reduce the back flexion angle. However, it should be noted that if the keyboard is placed too high, it will backfire and make the wrist in an excessively forward flexion posture.
(7) Minimum action keyboard. Objective To reduce hand movements as much as possible to reduce muscle load, for example, to use side twitch instead of tapping the keyboard.
(8) accordion keyboard. The keyboard is significantly smaller and has fewer keys. It is not designed to play one key at a time, but to replace some keys with one key at a time, just like playing harmony.
C. wrist pad
According to professional occupational injury doctors, modern people use computers for a long time, and the operating medium is nothing more than a mouse and a keyboard. Among them, the mouse is the equipment that has been used for the longest time. However, if the mouse is used for a long time, there will be a kind of pain similar to excessive exercise or fatigue in the wrist and arm. If it continues to deteriorate, it is more likely to cause wrist sprain or tendon inflammation, which is collectively called carpal tunnel disease.
Wrist pad has the following functions:
(a) Ergonomic design to prevent carpal tunnel diseases.
(b) Special material surface, soft and not hot.
(3) High-density anti-slip materials are labor-saving and effective.
Injury and prevention of ginseng, shoulder, neck and back
(1) Ergonomic computer desk and chair
The computer needs a comfortable desk and chair to sit on the keyboard and type for a long time, so as not to feel backache. What kind of computer desks and chairs are ergonomic? The computer chair should have armrests, the height of the seat can be adjusted, and the thighs and knees can be at 90 degrees when sitting down. Are ideal chairs. According to the appeal of many rehabilitation doctors in newspapers and media, the posture of computer users is very important, otherwise working for a long time will not only cause back and neck pain, but also produce carpal tunnel syndrome. Over time, you may need to receive rehabilitation treatment. If you choose the right desk and chair, I believe this discomfort can be alleviated.
The height of the seat can disperse the pressure on the legs and keep the blood circulation smooth. As for the design of computer desk, it is more important to pay attention to the line of sight angle of eyes, which directly affects the posture of the head. Incorrect posture will often make users shoulder pain, and even easily suffer from 50 shoulders, which will further deepen myopia! It is best to choose a design that the screen can be tilted at a certain angle, so that the computer can meet the use angle of the human body and ensure that the computer is inadvertently overused, causing harm to the human body.
(B) the correct posture of using the computer
1, feet should be flat on the floor.
2, the seat must have a backrest, cushion, reduce muscle fatigue, and to be able to adjust the height.
3. The keyboard should be placed in a proper position, and the elbow should be about 90 degrees, that is, the upper part of the arm is vertical and the lower part is horizontal.
4. The upper edge of the screen should be parallel to the eyes, and the head should lean forward 30 degrees to reduce the pressure on the neck.
5. Keep an arm or more away from the screen, but not too far. The back and front of the screen are places with strong radiation, so it is best not to stay within 4 feet.
6. Do not operate the computer in the same posture for more than 30 minutes, and leave your seat at a fixed time to exercise your muscles. Every time you use the computer 1 hour, you must rest for 10 minutes, and you must never use it continuously for more than 4 hours.
7, pay attention to the position of the file, try to reduce the number of eye and neck movements.
8. Take a proper rest, don't look at the screen for a long time, and pay attention to keeping the screen clean.
Four. Eye injury and its prevention
(A) Computer Terminal Syndrome
As most people know, the symptoms caused by continuous computer operation for a long time are not only the so-called "neck-shoulder-wrist syndrome", mental symptoms and general fatigue symptoms; The most important problem, which is also the most concerned problem of general long-term computer workers, is the problem of eyes. Long-term use of computer will lead to dysfunction, including decreased vision, eye fatigue, conjunctivitis, tears secretion disorder and so on. These visual impairments, including low vision and eye fatigue, are the most common problems for computer terminal practitioners.
Eye fatigue mainly includes five items: accommodative eye fatigue, muscular eye fatigue, symptomatic eye fatigue, anisometropic eye fatigue and neurotic eye fatigue. Eye fatigue caused by computer terminal syndrome is mainly accommodative and muscular.
(2) How to deal with myopia?
If the general true myopia is above 150 degrees, people often squint or squint at things because of blurred vision, which will lead to uneven stress on the eyeball, which will lead to the lengthening of the front and rear axes of the eye and the rapid increase of the degree. Therefore, it is suggested that if true myopia is above 150 degrees, doctors should open glasses to correct their vision.
(3) How to avoid myopia deepening?
Generally speaking, we will advise people who have been playing computer for a long time to engage in outdoor activities frequently, see the mountains and trees, do not live in a small room for a long time, watch TV and play computer, and guide them to read correctly. The computer screen should be at least 35 cm away from their eyes. Remember to have enough light when playing computer. After using it for half an hour, they should rest for at least ten minutes, look far away or close their eyes. In addition, there are eye drops used to paralyze or relax ciliary muscles, which are helpful to prevent myopia and treat pseudomyopia. The above points should be observed. If the degree continues to increase after observation, it may be a congenital factor. Don't blame yourself too much, but there are many congenital genetic conditions. Avoiding working close for a long time, not living in a narrow space, keeping good reading habits, avoiding wearing myopia glasses that exceed the actual degree, using effective eye drops for cycloplegia, and working closely with ophthalmologists will all help to avoid the deterioration of myopia. At the same time, pay attention to adequate nutritional intake and a balanced diet. When you encounter eye fatigue, let your eyes rest fully.
In fact, it is not difficult to do this. Simply put, it is to let patients develop a healthy and normal lifestyle, such as "seeing far", "living space as large as possible" and "exercising more". If the patient can't cooperate, in fact, the doctor still has the last magic weapon, which is to drop eye drops every day or every other day before going to bed or sleeping to prevent myopia. Although patients may be a little "photophobia" during the day, the effect of preventing myopia is very good.
(4) Prevention of dry eye:
1. Have a proper lifestyle, get enough sleep, and don't stay up late.
2. Eat a balanced diet, eat less irritating food and eat more fruits and foods rich in vitamins A, C and E. ..
3. Change the habit of using eyes and have a regular rest. It is suggested to rest for 5 ~ 10 minutes every 50 minutes, and pay attention to the number and amplitude of blinking.
4. Pay attention to the cleanliness of eyelids and eyelashes when washing your face, and develop the habit of hot compress every night.
5. Don't take drugs orally, especially sleeping pills and sedatives. If necessary, discuss with experts to minimize the dose.
6. Diseases on the surface of eyeball, such as inflammation, sensitivity, injury or pathological changes of cornea, conjunctiva and eyelid, need to be actively treated by ophthalmologists. Don't buy your own medicine, because long-term use of some drugs will reduce corneal sensitivity and even cause conjunctival keratinization, leading to dry eye.
7. Especially don't wait a long time to use the computer in the dry freezer. You can go out for a walk every once in a while and then go back to your computer desk.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion
Some people say that "the computer is the greatest invention of the 20th century". The popularization of computers has become an irresistible trend and plays an increasingly important role in our lives. Therefore, it is believed that the above diseases caused by computer use will become more and more common. How to prevent and treat them as soon as possible has become our unshirkable direction. Computer companies should develop more ergonomic and low-radiation products to increase the safety of use. Computer users should also pay attention to their own health, maintain correct posture and have a proper rest. Parents and teachers should pay special attention to children's habits and time of using computers, correct their posture, and remind them to do proper exercise and rest so as not to affect their normal development. The government should play the role of supervisor and strengthen the publicity of computer security. While enjoying the convenience and comfort brought by computers, we should also pay attention to and guard against the negative harm and influence brought by computers, so that we can enjoy the magical computer world carefree!
reference data
1. Study on computer terminal syndrome, Journal of the Republic of China Ophthalmology Medical Association, 1985, vol. 35, No.4.
2. Computers and electronic products. Visual stress-stay healthy, John.
3. Investigation on health complaints and work stress of display workers. Smith MJ, 198 1.
4. Internet information and computer exhibition.
Experimental research and investigation results show that the harm of electromagnetic radiation to health is multifaceted and complicated, and the main hazards are:
1. Harm to central nervous system
The nervous system is very sensitive to electromagnetic radiation. After repeated exposure to low-intensity electromagnetic radiation, the function of the central nervous system changes, resulting in neurasthenia syndrome, mainly manifested as headache, dizziness, fatigue, memory loss, sleep disorder (insomnia, dreaminess or lethargy), daytime dozing, irritability, sweating, palpitation, chest tightness, hair loss and so on. , especially difficulty falling asleep, fatigue, sweating, and memory loss. The poor coordination between hand and brain shows that the speed of marking numbers is slow and there are many mistakes.
2. Damage to the body's immune function
Animal experiments and investigations on human radiation exposure show that the percentage and number of bacteria swallowed by white blood cells in human body are reduced. In addition, the antibody formation of people exposed to electromagnetic radiation for a long time is obviously inhibited.
3. Effects on cardiovascular system
People exposed to electromagnetic radiation often have hemodynamic imbalance, vascular permeability and tension decrease. Because the autonomic nerve regulation function is affected, people often show symptoms of bradycardia, and a few show tachycardia. The victim's blood pressure fluctuated, began to rise, then returned to normal, and finally appeared hypotension. The decrease of R T wave voltage in ECG is the result of vagus nerve allergic reaction and myocardial malnutrition. p？ Q prolonged and P wave widened, indicating that atrioventricular conduction was poor. In addition, cardiovascular diseases of people exposed to electromagnetic radiation for a long time will be earlier and easier to promote their occurrence and development.
4. Influence on blood system
Under the action of electromagnetic radiation, the peripheral blood picture may appear leucocyte instability, mainly the downward trend and leukopenia. Erythropoiesis was inhibited and reticular erythropenia appeared. The health survey results of people who operate radar show that most people have leukopenia. In addition, when radio waves and radiation act on the human body at the same time, the impact on the blood system can be more obvious than a single factor.
5. Effects on reproductive system and heredity
People who have been exposed to ultrashort wave generators for a long time may have male sexual dysfunction and impotence; Women have menstrual cycle disorder. Due to poor blood circulation of testis, it is very sensitive to electromagnetic radiation, and sperm production is inhibited, which affects fertility. It denatures the egg cells, destroys the ovulation process and makes women lose their fertility.
High-intensity electromagnetic radiation can produce genetic effects, leading to chromosome aberration and abnormal mitosis in testis. Pregnant women receive short-wave diathermy treatment in the early stage or before pregnancy, which leads to congenital birth defects (deformed babies) in their offspring.
6. The influence of visual system
Eye tissue contains a lot of water, which is easy to absorb electromagnetic radiation power, and the blood flow in the eye is small. Under the action of electromagnetic radiation, the eye temperature is easy to rise. Temperature rise is the main condition leading to cataract, which leads to protein condensation of the lens of the eye. Most scholars believe that the long-term effect of low-intensity microwave can accelerate the aging and opacity of lens, and may shorten the colored field of vision and prolong the dark adaptation time, resulting in some visual obstacles. In addition, the long-term effects of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation,
7. Carcinogenesis and electromagnetic radiation carcinogenesis
Most experimental animals can increase the incidence of cancer after microwave irradiation. Some microwave biologists' experiments show that electromagnetic radiation can cause mutation and mitosis abnormality of chromosomes and microparticle cells in human body, thus leading to pathological proliferation of some tissues and turning normal cells into cancer cells. The long-term exposure of the staff of an American embassy abroad to high electromagnetic radiation from microwave eavesdropping led to an increase in the white blood cell count of the staff of the embassy. The incidence of cancer is higher than that of normal people. For example, under the influence of high-power long-range microwave radar, the number of local cancer patients has increased dramatically. The heating effect of microwave on human tissues can be used not only for physical therapy, but also for the treatment of cancer, which increases the central temperature of cancer tissues and destroys the proliferation of cancer cells.
In addition to the above health hazards, electromagnetic radiation also has adverse effects on endocrine system, hearing, substance metabolism and morphological changes of tissues and organs.
[(This article is taken from Environmental Physics and Environmental Medicine in the Basic Series of Environmental Science published by sci-tech books)]
Hand injury:
1) At present, the mouse is mainly designed according to the hand shape of Europeans and Americans, so it is generally too big for the hand shape of the East. In fact, a better mouse should consider the structure of ergonomic "hand bow". The so-called "hand bow" is a medical term for wrist structure. When our palms are naturally relaxed, the structure of our wrists is called "hand bow".
(2) Where is the median nerve?
The second most common is "soft tissue injury", including bursitis, tendonitis, tenosynovitis and ligament injury. Symptoms are pain and soreness. Soft tissue injury is characterized by more comfortable rest, and it will start to hurt again as long as you move a little.
(2) Preventive and ergonomic devices
First, the mouse
Pathological changes caused by long-term mouse use can be roughly divided into three types:
The first one is called "tennis elbow". Usually, when we use the mouse, we move our forearms and wrists. We spend too much time operating the computer and don't have enough rest time. In the long run, it is easy to overuse the extensor muscles of our arms and cause the so-called "tennis elbow", and the wrist is also easy to form "myositis".
The second type of lesion that is easy to cause is called "trigger finger". Generally speaking, the most common action when we use the mouse is "clicking", which seems simple, but it is not. A moving mouse click action requires the cooperation of all the muscles in the hand. If the hand muscles are in a state of tension for a long time in some highly precise operation occasions, such as computer-aided drawing, it is easy to form a "trigger finger". The so-called "trigger finger" means that the finger bends as if to pull the trigger.
The third easy situation is "shoulder pain", which is usually caused by the wrong height of tables and chairs. When we use the mouse, if the forearm is not supported, the hard part will concentrate on the shoulder. Think about it. If we move the mouse with the strength of the whole shoulder, can the shoulder not be sore for a while? Therefore, when using the mouse, it is best to adjust the height of the desk and chair first, so that the arms are flat on the desktop and the shoulders are naturally relaxed under the support of the arms.
At present, the ergonomic mouse on the market is more or less helpful for the prevention and treatment of injuries. Because the shape of the ergonomic mouse is designed under the most comfortable condition with one hand, this specially designed shape can average the contact pressure between the hand and the mouse, and there will be no excessive pressure at any point of the hand, so the ergonomic mouse is especially suitable for holding and is not easy to get tired.
keyboard
The main development direction of keyboard design, from the early traditional keyboard to today's ergonomic keyboard, is to make users more comfortable and save space. Therefore, the appearance of separated keyboard and the invention of WISEPAD are all aimed at reducing the natural situation of human using keyboard. The following are several representative products.
(1) Remodel the keyboard. At present, the most common design is to change the radian and shape of the existing keyboard so that the posture of the wrist and hand is close to the neutral position.
(2) Independent keyboard. Its design is to divide the keyboard into two halves. On the one hand, it changes the angle of the wrist on the keyboard, on the other hand, it makes the width close to the shoulder width, makes the wrist and forearm closer to the neutral posture, and reduces the ruler deviation. Some designs are to fix the two halves together, while others are connected by hinges, and users can adjust the angle by themselves.
(3) tent keyboard. The focus of the design is to reduce the palm down and wrist rotation during input. Some designs can adjust the keyboard to a nearly vertical direction, which requires users more time to adapt. In addition, the visibility of the keyboard is poor and the height of the whole keyboard becomes higher, which will bring trouble to the placement of the computer workbench and the support of the wrist is not good enough.
(4) trapezoidal keyboard arrangement. The keyboard is arranged in a bowl shape, and the keys are arranged closely. When a user hits a key, he only needs to move his finger downward to reduce muscle activity and prevent fatigue.
(5) Support the keyboard. At the same time, the keyboard is attached with a wrist support plate, so that where the wrist can be supported, it is not necessary to keep a horizontal posture at the edge of the hard keyboard or desktop, reducing the muscle activity of upper limbs and improving posture. But the wrist will still increase the pressure on the wrist track for a long time. Therefore, it is suggested that the wrist be slightly raised when typing to avoid oppression, and it is only used as support when resting.
(6) Negative values tilt the keyboard. Change the position of the height adjustment bracket to * close to the front of the user, and let the keyboard tilt outward, in order to make the user's wrist flat and reduce the back flexion angle. However, it should be noted that if the keyboard is placed too high, it will backfire and make the wrist in an excessively forward flexion posture.
(7) Minimum action keyboard. Objective To reduce hand movements as much as possible to reduce muscle load, for example, to use side twitch instead of tapping the keyboard.
(8) accordion keyboard. The keyboard is significantly smaller and has fewer keys. It is not designed to play one key at a time, but to replace some keys with one key at a time, just like playing harmony.
C. wrist pad
According to professional occupational injury doctors, modern people use computers for a long time, and the operating medium is nothing more than a mouse and a keyboard. Among them, the mouse is the equipment that has been used for the longest time. However, if the mouse is used for a long time, there will be a kind of pain similar to excessive exercise or fatigue in the wrist and arm. If it continues to deteriorate, it is more likely to cause wrist sprain or tendon inflammation, which is collectively called carpal tunnel disease.
The worst thing is the eyes.
Long-term use of computer leads to optic nerve fatigue.
It is easy to aggravate your myopia.