(1) Sperm volume: normal ≥2ml, too much when it exceeds 7ml, which not only reduces the sperm density, but also easily flows out of the vagina, resulting in a decrease in the total number of sperm, which is common in seminal vesiculitis; Less than 2ml is oligospermia, but it is usually less than 1ml. At this time, the contact area between semen and female genital tract is small, or the viscosity is too high, which is not conducive to sperm entering female cervix, thus leading to infertility, which is common in severe accessory gonadal insufficiency, low testosterone level, ejaculatory duct obstruction, retrograde ejaculation and so on.
(2) Color: generally grayish white or light yellow. Milky white or yellow-green suggests inflammation of reproductive tract or accessory gonad; Microscopically, pink, red and red blood cells are bloody semen, which is common in inflammation of accessory gonads and posterior urethra, and occasionally seen in tuberculosis or tumors.
(3) pH value: The normal pH value of semen is 7.2 ~ 7.8. Less than 7.2 is seen in ejaculatory duct obstruction or urine pollution; More than 7.8 is found in seminal vesicle inflammation or old specimens.
(4) Liquefaction time: After normal semen is injected, it becomes gelatinous under the action of seminal vesicle coagulase and liquid 15~30 minutes under the action of prostatic liquefaction enzyme, which is semen liquefaction. It is abnormal that semen is not liquefied after 30 minutes of injection.
(5) Stickiness: The glass rod comes into contact with the liquefied semen and is gently lifted to form semen filaments, the length of which is generally less than 2 cm.
(6) Sperm count: generally expressed by the number of sperm per milliliter of semen. Normal count ≥20× 106/ml. Below this value, there are too few sperm, which can be seen in the dysfunction of spermatogenesis caused by various reasons, which can lead to low fertility or infertility due to the decrease of the chance of sperm entering the uterine cavity and fallopian tube. If the sperm count is more than 250× 106/ml, there are too many sperm.
(7) Sperm morphology: Sperm with normal morphology ≥50%, otherwise it may lead to infertility.
(8) Mobility: More than 50% belong to Grade A and B (classified into Grade A, Grade B, Grade C and Grade D according to semen quality), that is, those who advance rapidly in a straight line are ≥50%.
(9) White blood cells: White blood cells in normal semen.
(10) Survival rate: Generally speaking, the live sperm examined in after ejaculation 1 hour is ≥50%. The common reasons for the decline of sperm motility and survival rate are hypogonadism, varicocele, ciliary retardation syndrome caused by chronic respiratory infection, the existence of anti-sperm antibodies in semen or improper preservation of specimens.
The above is a simple description of "the key points of sperm quality judgment". I hope it will help you, and I wish you an early health!