Childhood influenza
Etiology: virus infection, immature immune system, improper feeding methods, poor surrounding environment and lack of outdoor exercise.
Symptoms: runny nose, stuffy nose, sneezing, cough, fever, sore throat, vomiting and diarrhea.
Nursing: mainly resolving phlegm, supplemented by relieving cough; If you have a fever, you should use physical cooling in time; If you have diarrhea, you can take live bacteria preparation and take some drugs according to your doctor's advice. You can use a nasal aspirator when there are many nasal secretions.
Prevention: Pay attention to increasing or decreasing clothes when the weather changes, pay attention to blowing air-conditioning fans in summer, keep the indoor air fresh, and usually give your baby more water.
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Neonatal pneumonia types: bacterial pneumonia, viral pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumonia, chlamydia pneumonia, fungal pneumonia.
Symptoms: fever, cough, shortness of breath, difficulty, lung sounds.
Treatment: Bacterial pneumonia can be treated with antibiotics such as penicillin, viral pneumonia with ribavirin or acyclovir, and erythromycin is the first choice for mycoplasma pneumonia. Keep the air circulation in the ward, and you can take oxygen if you lack oxygen. Oral expectorants can be used. If the sputum is thick and difficult to cough up, atomization therapy can be used.
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Etiology of hand, foot and mouth disease: There are many kinds of enteroviruses that can cause hand, foot and mouth disease. Coxsackievirus A 16 and enterovirus 7 1 are the most common. Its infection routes include digestive tract, respiratory tract and contact transmission.
Symptoms: low-grade fever, general malaise, abdominal pain and shortness of breath. Blisters of the size of painful millet to mung bean appear in oral mucosa, and maculopapules and herpes appear on hands and feet, which can also be seen near buttocks and anus except hand, foot and mouth. The rash is neither itchy nor painful.
Treatment: firstly, isolate the children, take antiviral drugs and Chinese herbal medicines for clearing away heat and toxic materials, and supplement vitamins B and C. Keep your body clean and dry, and keep your clothes and bedding clean. Infusion for people who vomit and have difficulty eating. Take antiviral drugs.
Nursing: Generally, it needs to be isolated for 2 weeks, and the children's daily necessities should be thoroughly disinfected. Indoor air should be fresh and the temperature is suitable. Cut the child's nails short to prevent scratching the rash.
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Etiology of infantile convulsion: birth injury, asphyxia, intracranial hemorrhage, septicemia, meningitis, tetanus, high fever, intracranial infection, toxic encephalopathy, infantile spasm, hypoglycemia, etc.
Symptoms: mental stress; Before the onset, he looked frightened and the muscle tension of his limbs suddenly increased; Sudden shortness of breath, pause or irregularity; The body temperature rises sharply and the complexion changes dramatically; Pupils vary in size; At the time of onset, conscious loss, head tilt back, fixed upturned eyes or strabismus, foaming at the mouth, clenching teeth, facial or limb muscle clonus or tonic convulsion may occur, and in severe cases, neck rigidity, cornual arch inversion and respiratory disorder may occur.
Treatment: untie the collar, remove secretions and vomit from the mouth, nose and throat, and keep the respiratory tract unobstructed. Physical cooling or antipyretic drugs for people with high fever. Antibiotics used in infectious convulsion.
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Children have high fever.
Graduation: 37.5℃ ~ 38℃ is low heat; 38. 1℃ ~ 39℃ is moderate fever; 39. 1℃ ~ 40.4℃ is high fever; Above 40.5℃ is ultra-high fever.
Etiology: fever of teeth, fever after weaning, fever due to food accumulation, fever due to vaccination and fever due to cold.
Treatment: Keep indoor air circulation, take off more clothes and drink more water. When the body temperature is lower than 38.5℃, physical cooling is the first choice for intervention. Western medicine is used for treatment above 39℃. If the child reacts violently, he should be sent to the doctor immediately.
Diet: You can eat bananas, watermelons, Sydney, water chestnuts, spinach, onions and bean sprouts. Don't eat eggs, honey, sweets, cold drinks and greasy food.
Prevention: Exercise more, change clothes appropriately, get enough sleep, wash your hands frequently and pay attention to hygiene.
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Etiology of cerebral palsy syndrome: parents smoking, drinking, taking drugs, intrauterine infection, intrauterine distress, placental abruption, hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy, placenta previa, threatened abortion, etc.
Symptoms: stunted growth, abnormal behavior, inability to laugh after 3 months, stiff limbs, mental retardation, language disorder, language disorder.
Prevention: Mothers should prevent rubella virus infection during pregnancy, have regular health check-ups, ensure nutrition, prevent premature delivery and avoid unnecessary drug treatment. After the baby is born, it is important to protect the immature child and give the baby the first, second and third shots of vaccine, polio, rubella or tuberculosis.
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Etiology of hernia: due to cough, sneezing, overexertion, abdominal obesity, forced defecation, pregnancy, excessive crying in children, degenerative changes in abdominal wall strength in the elderly and other reasons, free organs in abdominal cavity are forced to enter another part through normal or abnormal weaknesses or defects and pores of human body.
Symptoms: In the groin area, you can see or feel the lump. Some children will have constipation, loss of appetite, spitting milk and so on.
Treatment: 1 children with inguinal hernia and umbilical hernia may heal themselves, so conservative treatment can be adopted. Surgery cannot heal itself.
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Etiology of mental retardation: congenital chromosomal abnormality. Intrauterine infection, hypoxia, severe malnutrition of pregnant women or illness of pregnant women. Birth injury, asphyxia, intracranial hemorrhage during delivery. After birth, he suffered from meningitis, encephalitis, craniocerebral trauma and cerebrovascular accident.
Symptoms: slow perception, serious distraction, poor memory, poor speech ability, low thinking ability and poor communication ability.
Treatment: early detection, early intervention and drug treatment.
Prevention: avoid consanguineous marriage, and have good children. Do a good job in the immunization of infectious diseases, viruses, bacteria and protozoa. Do a good job in the immunization of infectious diseases, viruses, bacteria and protozoa.
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Children with ADHD
Etiology: heredity, neurotransmitters, mother smoking and drinking, premature delivery of children, postpartum ischemic encephalopathy, thyroid dysfunction. Meningitis, encephalitis, head injury, parental discord, family breakdown, etc.
Symptoms: attention is obviously difficult to concentrate and the attention duration is short, hands and feet move more, learning difficulties, impulsive behavior, aggressive behavior, etc.
Treatment: behavioral therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, drug therapy, behavior management and education.
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Etiology of acute laryngitis in children: caused by virus or bacterial infection, often secondary to acute rhinitis and pharyngitis.
Symptoms: fever, often accompanied by cough and hoarseness. Laryngeal spasm is the main symptom in the early stage, and severe cases include cyanosis, irritability, flapping nose and cold sweat.
Treatment: relieve laryngeal obstruction as soon as possible, use effective and sufficient antibiotics to control infection as soon as possible, give glucocorticoid to promote the disappearance of laryngeal edema, and strengthen oxygen supply, spasmolysis, phlegm and other treatments, and closely observe the breathing situation of children.
Prevention: When you suffer from acute rhinitis and pharyngitis, you should actively treat it and do more exercise to enhance your physique.
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Etiology of TIC disorder in children: heredity, neurobiochemical abnormality, abnormal brain structure or function, psychological factors and immune response to hemolytic streptococcus infection.
Symptoms: mainly manifested as motor twitch and/or vocal twitch. Seizure symptoms are characterized by randomness, suddenness, rapidity, repetitiveness and no rhythm, which can be controlled by the will for a short time, but not for a long time.
Treatment: For patients with transient TIC disorder or mild symptoms, only psychotherapy can be used. Dynamic symptoms seriously affect daily life and learners, so drug therapy is the main method, combined with psychotherapy.
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