Safety protection technology
1. Reasonable design of process flow and improvement of production equipment and operation methods are the fundamental measures to improve working conditions in high temperature operation. Such as molten steel continuous casting, steel rolling, casting, enamel, etc., can keep workers away from heat sources and reduce labor intensity.
2. Thermal insulation is an important measure to prevent thermal radiation. Water or materials with low thermal conductivity can be used for heat insulation, especially water, which has the best heat insulation effect, high specific heat and can absorb radiant heat to the maximum extent.
3. Ventilation and cooling, natural ventilation. Any house can be naturally ventilated through doors, windows and gaps. This method is not enough for high temperature workshops. In a high-temperature workshop with large heat and scattered heat sources, it is necessary to ventilate for more than 30-50 times per hour in order to discharge the residual heat in time. At this time, the air inlet and air outlet must be reasonably configured.
safety precautions
1. Workers who work at high temperature to supply drinks and supplement nutrition should supplement water and salt equal to the amount of sweating. The best way to replenish water and salt is to supply salty drinks. Generally, the water supply per person per day is 3.5L, and the salt is about 20g. When sweating is less than 4L in an 8-hour workday, it is enough to take 15- 18g of salt from food every day, and it is not necessary to supplement it from drinks. If the amount of sweating exceeds this number, in addition to salt intake from food, it is necessary to supplement salt from drinks.
2. Personal protective work clothes for high-temperature workers should be made of fabrics with heat resistance, low thermal conductivity and good air permeability. In order to prevent radiant heat, you can use overalls made of white canvas or aluminum foil. Work clothes should be wide and not interfere with operation. In addition, according to the needs of different operations, personal protective labor protection articles such as working caps, protective glasses, masks, gloves, shoe covers and leg protectors are provided.
3. Strengthen medical prevention. Workers exposed to high temperature should undergo physical examination before employment and in summer.
2. High temperature operation is the most scientific and healthful way to cool down.
How to avoid heatstroke when working at high temperature in summer? Operation in hot environment is generally called high temperature operation.
According to the characteristics of meteorological conditions in the workplace, high-temperature operations are divided into three types in medicine: high-temperature operations and intense radiation operations. Such as coking and ironmaking workshops in metallurgical industry, casting and forging workshops in machinery manufacturing industry, kiln workshops in ceramic, enamel and brick industries, etc.
High temperature and high humidity operation. It is found in printing and dyeing, reeling, papermaking and other industries when heating or cooking liquids, as well as in wet deep wells.
It is difficult to evaporate and dissipate heat in a warm environment, and it is easy to get heatstroke. Open air operation in summer.
Summer agricultural labor, construction, handling, open-air traffic management and other operations. Although the thermal radiation intensity of this working environment is lower than that of the high-temperature workshop, its effect lasts for a long time, and the head is often exposed to direct sunlight, and the temperature rises around noon. At this time, if the labor intensity is too high, the human body is prone to heatstroke due to excessive heat storage.
In addition, when working in the field in summer, because the tall and dense crops block the airflow, they often feel sultry and uncomfortable because there is no wind. If you don't take heatstroke prevention measures, you are also prone to heatstroke. The influence of high temperature on human body; High temperature can make workers feel hot, dizzy, flustered, bored, thirsty, weak, tired, heatstroke and other discomforts, and there are also a series of changes in physiological functions: 1, body temperature regulation disorder.
Temperature regulation is mainly affected by meteorological conditions and labor intensity. Under the action of blood circulation, sweat secretion and nervous system, body temperature can generally be controlled and kept within a small fluctuation range.
However, the human body's ability to regulate body temperature is limited. When the human body obtains and generates more heat than it emits, it will increase the stored heat in the body, leading to a significant increase in body temperature. 2, a large number of water and salt loss.
It can cause imbalance of water and salt metabolism, resulting in imbalance of acid-base balance and osmotic pressure in the body. 3. The heart rate and pulse are accelerated.
Skin blood vessels relax, blood vessel tension increases, which increases the burden on the heart and lowers blood pressure. However, when heavy physical labor, blood pressure may also rise.
4. Decreased blood flow in digestive tract. Saliva and gastric juice secretion decreased, gastric juice acidity decreased, amylase activity decreased, gastrointestinal peristalsis weakened, leading to an increase in gastrointestinal diseases such as indigestion.
Thirst excites the drinking water center and inhibits appetite. 5. At high temperature, the water in human body is mainly excreted by sweat glands.
Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate decreased, and urine volume decreased significantly. If the water is not replenished in time, the urine will be concentrated, the burden on the kidney will increase, and even renal insufficiency will be caused, and protein and red blood cells will appear in the urine. 6, the nervous system can appear central nervous system inhibition.
The working ability of attention and muscles, the accuracy and coordination of movements, and the reaction speed are reduced, which is prone to industrial accidents. A series of physiological changes in high temperature environment exceed the normal regulation function of the body, which will lead to heatstroke.
Work at high temperature to prevent heatstroke; The protection of high temperature operation includes improving working conditions and doing a good job in health care of staff. Improve working conditions.
We can start from four aspects. The first is to reform the technological process, control the generation and influence of high temperature and thermal radiation, and reduce the labor intensity.
The second is to arrange and evacuate heat sources reasonably. The third is heat insulation, which can be made of heat insulation materials, water and air.
Fourth, ventilation and cooling. In addition to natural ventilation, mechanical ventilation can choose fans, spray fans, centralized integrated or local cooling air supply systems, etc. Do a good job in health care.
Reasonable health care measures can improve the physical condition of high-temperature workers, improve work efficiency, prevent heatstroke and other accidents, and reduce the long-term impact of high temperature on the body. 1, strengthen health monitoring.
In addition to the pre-job physical examination, the health status of high-temperature workers should be dynamically observed before and during summer, and those with contraindications to high-temperature operations should be transferred from their posts in time. 2. Strengthen personal protection.
Work clothes should be broad, light and not interfere with operation, and fabrics with strong texture, heat resistance, low thermal conductivity, good air permeability and reflection of thermal radiation should be used. According to the needs of different operations, personal protective equipment such as working caps, protective glasses, gloves, shoe covers and leg protectors shall be provided.
Open-air workers in summer should be equipped with wide-brimmed straw hats, sun-shading caps or ventilation caps to prevent sun exposure. 3. Adjust the work and rest system.
In hot season, the labor rest system can be appropriately adjusted according to the situation to shorten the labor duration as much as possible. If the rotation system is implemented, the number of breaks will be increased and the lunch break will be extended.
A workshop lounge or arbor should be set up near the workplace, equipped with seats, water supply equipment, fans and half-length shower devices, and the temperature of the lounge should be below 30 degrees Celsius. Ensuring adequate sleep and rest time in summer is of great significance to prevent heatstroke.
4. Reasonable supply of healthy drinks. To supplement water and salt in time, the specific amount depends on the amount of sweat and the salt content in food.
Generally, everyone should supplement at least 3% water every day. About 5 liters, about 20 grams of salt.
You can drink a small amount of salt and boiled water many times, and it is better to drink one or two cups each time. Don't drink too much and too fast, which can reduce sweat discharge and help increase diet. It is advisable to add about 65,438 0 grams of salt per 500 grams of water. In addition, you can also choose salt tea, salt mung bean soup, pickled vegetable soup and salt soda water. The preparation, cooling, transportation and supply of beverages must be managed hygienically to prevent pollution, and the temperature of beverages should be 65,438+05-20 degrees Celsius.
5. Strengthen nutrition. Working in a high temperature environment requires high energy and protein consumption, so you should eat a diet with high calorie, high protein and high vitamins. The total heat should be about 15% higher than that of ordinary people. The daily calorie of moderate manual workers is 3300-3500 calories, and that of heavy manual workers is 4000-4500 calories.
There should be a certain proportion of animal and plant proteins with high nutritional value in daily diet, eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, and pay attention to supplementing water-soluble vitamins such as vitamins A, B 1, B2 and C and minerals such as potassium, calcium and magnesium.
3. What should I pay attention to when working at high temperature every day?
When working in high temperature environment every day, you should pay attention to the following items:
1, drink plenty of boiled water, and drink water regularly, don't wait until you are thirsty, and don't binge drink after you are thirsty. You can drink chrysanthemum tea to refresh yourself. Drink less fruit juice, soda and other drinks, which contain more saccharin and electrolyte. Drinking too much will have an adverse effect on the gastrointestinal tract, affecting digestion and appetite.
2, it is not appropriate to drink too much. In summer, human body is easily affected by temperature, and excessive damp heat is the cause of skin sores, carbuncle and toxic swelling. If you drink a lot of white wine, it will contribute to dryness and dampness, which is tantamount to adding fuel to the fire.
3, eat less and eat more meals, the diet should not be too light. Sweating more and consuming more, you should eat more nutritious food, such as chicken, duck, lean meat and fish eggs, to meet the needs of human metabolism. Eat more seasonal vegetables, lettuce, cucumber, tomato and other high water content; Fresh fruits, such as peaches, apricots, watermelons and melons, have a water content of 80-90% and can be used to replenish water.
4, try to take a lunch break, but the time should not be too long. If the nap time is too long, the central nervous system will deepen the inhibition, the cerebral blood flow will be relatively reduced, and the metabolic process will slow down, leading to discomfort after waking up and more sleepiness.
5. Prevent heatstroke and prepare heatstroke prevention drugs. Once you have heatstroke, you can drink some Huoxiang Zhengqi water or Huoxiang Zhengqi soft capsule.
4. How to prevent occupational diseases caused by high temperature?
Types of high temperature operation
① High temperature and strong thermal radiation operation: characterized by high temperature, high thermal radiation intensity and low relative humidity, forming a dry-hot environment. These workplaces have strong radiant heat sources, and the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor can reach above 10℃, which acts on human body through convection heat and radiant heat. ② High temperature and high humidity operation: The meteorological characteristics of this kind of operation environment are high air temperature and humidity, but weak thermal radiation. It is mainly due to the large amount of water vapor produced in the production process or the requirement to maintain a high relative humidity in the workshop during production. ③ Open-air operations in summer: Open-air operations such as construction and transportation are not only affected by solar radiation, but also receive radiant heat from heated ground and surrounding objects.
Why do people suffer from heatstroke?
Working in high temperature environment, the body receives convection and radiation heat from high humidity environment, and the metabolic heat generated by labor and high temperature environment far exceeds the heat dissipation of the body. If this vicious process continues to develop, when the human body cannot maintain the thermal balance of the body through a series of thermoregulation, it will cause excessive heat storage. At the same time, due to a lot of sweating, dehydration and salt loss occur, leading to heatstroke.
Treatment of heatstroke patients
After finding heatstroke patients, we should first get them out of the high-temperature working environment, rest in a well-ventilated shade, unbutton their clothes and give them salty and cool drinks. If necessary, you can scrape or acupuncture Hegu, Quchi, Weizhong, Baihui and Renzhong. If you have dizziness, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea, you can use Huoxiang Zhengqi wine; Such as respiratory and circulatory failure, intravenous drip of glucose saline, and injection of respiratory and circulatory central stimulants.
How to prevent heatstroke?
(1) Arrange the heat source reasonably, put the heat source outside the workshop or far away from the workers' operation, and adopt the natural ventilation mode of hot pressing, which should be arranged under the skylight; The workshop with ventilation should be arranged on the downwind side of the dominant wind direction.
② Thermal insulation is a simple and effective method to reduce thermal radiation.
(3) Strengthen ventilation, accelerate air convection, and reduce the ambient temperature, so as to facilitate body heat dissipation.
④ Strengthen personal protection and organize production reasonably, such as wearing white canvas overalls, which has good air permeability and low thermal conductivity; At the same time, adjust the working hours, try to avoid the high temperature at noon and extend the lunch break. Strengthen personal health care and supply enough salty and cold drinks.
Add salt to the drink.
Working in a high temperature environment, the human body often sweats a lot in order to dissipate heat. Sweating makes people lose a lot of water and salt, mainly sodium salt and some potassium salt. Generally, sweat contains 0. 1-0.35% sodium chloride. Ordinary high-temperature workers sweat 4-8 liters after working for 8 hours, and lose about15-20g of salt. Therefore, workers exposed to high temperature should replenish water and salt in time to maintain the normal function of the body, which is also the reason why salt is added to cool drinks. Usually, cold drinks can be prepared according to the salt content of 0. 1-0.2% for workers to drink.
5. What occupational health knowledge does the processing workshop have?
4.4 Workplace risk control measures 4.4. 1 The intensity or concentration of occupational hazards shall meet the national occupational health standards. Occupational exposure limits () is the exposure limit of occupational hazards, which refers to the allowable exposure level that workers repeatedly contact for a long time in the process of engaging in occupational activities, and will not have harmful effects on the health of most contacts. The intensity or concentration of occupational hazards shall meet the requirements of GBZ 2. 1 and GBZ 2.2.
4.4.2 The reasonable production layout should be based on the provisions of GBZ 1. Mechanization, automation and remote operation should be considered as much as possible, and sealing should be strengthened to avoid direct operation. And corresponding protective measures should be taken in combination with the production process.
The production layout should include the overall layout of the workshop and the layout of production process equipment. The overall layout includes plane layout and vertical layout.
When arranging a factory building or workshop on the plane, the facilities with serious pollution hazards should be kept away from pollution-free facilities on the premise of meeting the needs of the main project. The workshop with high noise level is separated from the workshop with low noise level, the hot working workshop is separated from the cold working workshop, and the workshop with dust is separated from the workshop with toxic substances. A certain health protection green belt should be set between the workshop with occupational hazards and other workshops and living quarters. When the workshop is vertically arranged as a multi-storey building, the production operation of releasing heat and harmful gas should be arranged at the top of the building. Equipment with high noise and vibration should be placed on the ground floor; The waste water discharge pipeline containing volatile gas and steam cannot pass under the ground of domestic rooms such as instrument control room and lounge. The layout of production process equipment in the workshop should mainly meet the requirements of dustproof, antivirus, heatstroke prevention, cold prevention, noise and vibration prevention, ionizing radiation prevention and non-ionizing radiation prevention.
4.4.3 In the workplace where hazardous and harmless operations produce dust and poisons respectively, the layout of their sources shall meet the following requirements: when the production process of releasing different toxic substances is arranged in the same building, high-toxic operations shall be separated from low-toxic operations, and non-toxic operations shall be separated from toxic operations; Dust and poison sources should be arranged at the downwind side of natural ventilation in the workplace; If it is arranged in a multi-storey building, the production process of escaping harmful gases should be arranged on the upper floor of the building. If it must be arranged in the lower floor, effective measures should be taken to prevent air pollution in the upper floor.
Non-toxic and toxic operations can be separated by seals and pipelines, or toxic operations can be confined to independent operating rooms, and toxic gases can be discharged through ventilation and purification. 4.4.4 Alarm devices shall be set up in toxic and harmful workplaces where acute occupational injuries may occur. Toxic and harmful workplaces where acute occupational injuries may occur refer to workplaces where toxic substances, highly corrosive substances and * * * substances may leak, causing acute harm to the lives and health of workers.
Toxic and harmful substances that may cause acute occupational injuries refer to substances that are acute toxic, intense and/or harmful, or may cause * * * effect, chronic or irreversible tissue damage and anesthesia in a short time, which may increase the possibility of accidental injuries, affect eye rescue ability and reduce work efficiency. Refer to the Catalogue of Highly Toxic Substances and GBZ2. 1 for the determination of specific toxic and harmful substances.
The above-mentioned alarm devices must be verified by relevant departments, and corresponding systems should be established, so that the responsibilities are in place, and special personnel are responsible for them, and they should be inspected regularly before and after work and maintained in time to ensure the normal operation of the alarm devices. 4.4.5 Dispose of on-site first-aid supplies in toxic and harmful workplaces where acute occupational injuries may occur. On-site first-aid articles include personal occupational protective articles used by emergency personnel in the event of an accident, such as air respirator, fully enclosed chemical protective clothing, protective gloves, protective shoes, etc. ; And the first-aid supplies needed to rescue the rescued, such as one-way valve protective mask, on-site hemostatic supplies, heatstroke prevention and cooling supplies, oxygen delivery devices, etc. If there are special needs, an ambulance and an oxygen delivery device can be provided.
The configuration of first-aid supplies should be based on the needs of field protection, and under the guidance of professionals, production conditions, physical and chemical properties and dosage of chemicals should be considered. First aid supplies should be stored in or near the workshop. In case of an accident, make sure it is available within 10 seconds.
Warning signs should be placed in an eye-catching position in the storage place of first aid supplies to ensure that the staff know. Workers should know how to use first aid supplies.
The above-mentioned on-site first-aid articles should be safe and effective, and a corresponding management system should be established, with responsibilities in place and special personnel in charge, daily inspection, timely maintenance or update to ensure the safety and effectiveness of on-site first-aid articles. 4.4.6 Disposal of washing equipment in toxic and harmful workplaces where acute occupational injuries may occur. Washing equipment mainly refers to eye washer, flowing faucet and washing equipment. In the workplace where the skin, mucous membrane or eyes may burn money, corrosive and * * * chemicals, the above washing equipment should be equipped. It is especially emphasized that the application of washing equipment is convenient and does not interfere with work, so as to ensure that workers can be washed within 10 second in case of an accident.
The washing water should be safe and ensure that it is flowing water. The place where washing equipment is set should be clearly marked, eye-catching and easy to find.
Ensure the normal operation of the above washing equipment, and establish a corresponding management system, with responsibilities in place, special personnel in charge, daily inspection and timely maintenance. 4.4.7 In toxic and harmful workplaces where acute occupational injuries may occur, emergency evacuation routes must be kept clear, emergency lighting facilities should be set up, and obvious warning signs should be set up in eye-catching positions.
The width of the evacuation passage should be set as required. If vehicles and stretchers are needed, the width should ensure the smooth passage of vehicles and stretchers. To establish a corresponding management system, the responsibility is in place, someone is in charge, regular inspection, to ensure the smooth flow of emergency channels.
4.4.8 Necessary risk mitigation areas should be set up in toxic and harmful workplaces where acute occupational injuries may occur. The location, size and material selection of risk mitigation area should be considered according to production conditions, physical and chemical characteristics and dosage of chemicals used. There should be no substances around the danger zone that may react with toxic and harmful substances discharged into the danger zone, such as flammable and explosive substances. The materials around the dangerous area should not react with dangerous substances, and the leaked substances and washing water should be included in the industrial wastewater treatment system.
Clear warning signs and Chinese warning instructions should be set in conspicuous positions around the risk mitigation area. The warning instructions in Chinese for periodic risk cancellation shall explain the time, materials and precautions for periodic risk cancellation; Accident risk relief should be.
6. How to prevent high-temperature occupational hazards?
Safety protection technology Reasonable design of process flow and improvement of production equipment and operation methods are the fundamental measures to improve high-temperature working conditions.
Such as molten steel continuous casting, steel rolling, casting, enamel, etc., can keep workers away from heat sources and reduce labor intensity. 2. Thermal insulation is an important measure to prevent thermal radiation.
Water or materials with low thermal conductivity can be used for heat insulation, especially water, which has the best heat insulation effect, high specific heat and can absorb radiant heat to the maximum extent. 3. Ventilation and cooling, natural ventilation.
Any house can be naturally ventilated through doors, windows and gaps. This method is not enough for high temperature workshops. In a high-temperature workshop with large heat and scattered heat sources, it is necessary to ventilate for more than 30-50 times per hour in order to discharge the residual heat in time. At this time, the air inlet and air outlet must be reasonably configured. Safety Protection Measures for Supplying Drinks and Supplementing Nutrition Workers at high temperature should supplement water and salt equal to the amount of sweating.
The best way to replenish water and salt is to supply salty drinks. Generally, the water supply per person per day is 3.5L, and the salt is about 20g.
When sweating is less than 4L in an 8-hour workday, it is enough to take 15- 18g of salt from food every day, and it is not necessary to supplement it from drinks. If the amount of sweating exceeds this number, in addition to salt intake from food, it is necessary to supplement salt from drinks.
2. Personal protective work clothes for high-temperature workers should be made of fabrics with heat resistance, low thermal conductivity and good air permeability. In order to prevent radiant heat, you can use overalls made of white canvas or aluminum foil.
Work clothes should be wide and not interfere with operation. In addition, according to the needs of different operations, personal protective labor protection articles such as working caps, protective glasses, masks, gloves, shoe covers and leg protectors are provided.
3. Strengthen medical prevention. Workers exposed to high temperature should undergo physical examination before employment and in summer.
7. What are the protective measures for high-temperature occupational hazards?
1. Reasonable design of process flow and improvement of production equipment and operation methods are the fundamental measures to improve working conditions in high temperature operation. Such as molten steel continuous casting, steel rolling, casting, enamel, etc., can keep workers away from heat sources and reduce labor intensity. The arrangement of heat source should meet the following requirements: ① try to arrange it outside the workshop; (2) When using hot-pressing natural ventilation, try to arrange it under the skylight; (3) when using natural ventilation based on through flow, it should be arranged as far as possible in the downwind side of the dominant wind direction in summer; ④ Take heat insulation measures for heat source; ⑤ Make the workplace easy to take cooling measures, and partition walls (plates) can be set between heat sources, so that hot air can rise along the partition walls and be discharged through the skylight to avoid spreading to the whole workshop. Hot finished products and semi-finished products should be shipped out of the car in time or stacked on the leeward side.
2. Thermal insulation is an important measure to prevent thermal radiation. Water or materials with low thermal conductivity can be used for heat insulation, especially water, which has the best heat insulation effect, high specific heat and can absorb radiant heat to the maximum extent.
3. Ventilation and cooling ① Natural ventilation Any house can be naturally ventilated through doors, windows and gaps. This method alone is not enough for high temperature workshops. In a high-temperature garage with large heat and scattered heat sources,
4. Supply drinks and supplement nutrition Workers exposed to high temperature should supplement water and salt equal to the amount of sweating. The best way to replenish water and salt is to supply salty drinks.
5. Personal protective work clothes for high-temperature workers should be made of fabrics with heat resistance, low thermal conductivity and good air permeability. In order to prevent radiant heat, you can use overalls made of white canvas or aluminum foil. Work clothes should be wide and not interfere with operation. In addition, according to the needs of different operations, provide personal protective equipment such as working caps, protective glasses, masks, gloves, shoe covers and leg protectors.
Workers engaged in special high-temperature operations, such as furnace lining hot repair and ladle cleaning. , must wear high-temperature heat insulation clothing/category-146 heat insulation mask and heat insulation, flame retardant, ventilated heat protection clothing, such as metal (copper, silver) spray heat insulation mask, aluminum film heat insulation clothing, etc.
6. Strengthen medical prevention. Workers exposed to high temperature should undergo physical examination before employment and in summer. Those who have organic diseases of cardiovascular system, vasomotor dysfunction, persistent hypertension, ulcer, active pulmonary tuberculosis, emphysema, liver and kidney diseases, obvious endocrine diseases (such as hyperthyroidism), organic diseases of central nervous system, allergic skin scar, convalescence after serious illness and infirmity are not suitable for high-temperature operation.
8. How do workshop workers prevent heatstroke and cool down?
The first method is to strengthen natural ventilation to cool down:
The specific method is to open the original ventilation doors and windows of the workshop, use the natural wind outside the workshop to flow in through the doors and windows, and take away the high temperature in the workshop by the way in the process of natural airflow to reduce the accumulation of high temperature in the workshop. This method is very effective for workshops with small area, many doors and windows and good natural ventilation conditions, but it is relatively poor for workshops with more than 300 square meters and poor natural ventilation conditions, with the advantage of saving money.
The second method is to install a negative pressure fan to exhaust high temperature air forcefully;
The specific method is to install a negative pressure fan on the wall or roof nearest to the high temperature source. When the negative pressure fan is powered on, the negative pressure generated by the air is taken away by the large exhaust volume of the negative pressure fan, and the high-temperature air in the workshop is quickly discharged from the workshop along the airflow, and the fresh and clean air is introduced into the workshop. This method is suitable for large-area workshops with poor natural ventilation conditions. The advantage is that the heating of the treatment workshop is faster, more thorough and easier to implement.
The third method is to install environmental protection air conditioner and air duct in the workshop:
The specific method is to install environmental protection air conditioner outside the workshop wall, which can transport cold air to the workshop through pipelines to cool the workshop, and can cool each station through pipelines.
9. What kinds of high-temperature occupational diseases are there?
1. Heat-induced disease: Because the heat generated in the body exceeds the heat dissipation, the heat in the body is stored, which leads to the dysfunction of body temperature regulation. It is the most serious type of heatstroke, with critical illness and high mortality.
Typical symptoms are: sudden high fever, anal temperature often above 465438 0℃, dry skin, heat without sweat, different degrees of consciousness disorder, and severe cases may have abnormal liver and kidney function.
2. Thermal spasm: It is caused by imbalance of water and electrolyte.
The clinical manifestations are: obvious muscle spasm causes contraction pain, and the spasm is symmetrical. The mild one does not affect the work, and the severe one is serious. The patient is conscious and his body temperature is normal.
3, heat failure: it is due to heat that dilates peripheral blood vessels and loses a lot of water, resulting in a decrease in circulating blood volume and insufficient intracranial blood supply.
The main clinical manifestations are: dizziness, headache, palpitation, nausea, vomiting, sweating, then syncope, short-term drop in blood pressure, generally does not cause circulatory failure, hypothermia.
Extended data:
Protective measures for high temperature operation:
1, improve working conditions and equip with protective facilities and equipment.
Water insulation: Common methods include water tank or circulating water furnace door, waterfall water curtain, etc.
Use thermal insulation materials: commonly used materials are asbestos, slag, grass ash, foam bricks, etc. This method is the best in factories and small and medium-sized enterprises that lack water.
Adopt natural ventilation: such as skylight, open workshop, or install hood on the roof.
Mechanical ventilation: such as fan and post air supply, install air conditioning equipment.
2. Strengthen personal protection
Personal protective equipment for high-temperature operation: Work clothes should be made of strong, heat-resistant and breathable fabrics, and equipped with working caps, protective glasses and masks. Should be provided according to the requirements of different operations. Such as blast furnace operation, you must wear heat shield and heat-proof clothing with good heat insulation and ventilation.
3, add * * * health care and health monitoring.
From the point of view of prevention, it is very necessary to do a good job of physical examination for high temperature workers before employment and in summer. Those who have high temperature contraindications such as cardiovascular diseases, central nervous system diseases and digestive system diseases are generally not suitable for high temperature operation and should be given corresponding prevention and treatment.