165438+1On October 24th, the Central Committee and the State Council issued the Opinions on Strengthening the Work of Aging in the New Era (hereinafter referred to as the Opinions), which laid the foundation for this proposition.
The opinion puts forward that it is necessary to improve the old-age service system, innovate the home community old-age service model, and improve the community old-age service capacity through new construction, reconstruction and leasing. In order to further standardize the development of institutional pension, all localities should develop institutional pension through direct construction, entrusted operation, purchasing services and encouraging social investment. Strengthen the construction of the Glorious Institute. To study and formulate the management policy of service fees received in advance by pension institutions to prevent misappropriation and fraud in the name of pension institutions. Establish a list system of basic old-age services, and provide appropriate services such as old-age security, life care, rehabilitation care and social assistance for different elderly groups such as health, disability and economic difficulties. Improve the multi-level old-age security system, and gradually realize the full coverage of legal personnel of basic old-age insurance.
In the opinion, the part of "studying and formulating housing and other support policies, improving the policies of ladder electricity price, water price and gas price, encouraging adult children to live nearby or with elderly parents, fulfilling their support obligations and taking good care of them" also sparked heated discussions.
"This is another important document after the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council jointly issued the Outline of the Plan for Actively Responding to Population Aging. According to Meng Lilian, chief expert of Sichuan Tianfu Health Industry Research Institute, the central government and the State Council jointly issued opinions aimed at comprehensively deploying the national aging work in the new era.
"The opinions put forward many breakthrough measures, clarified some specific solutions that were not clear before, such as how to do and how to do home-based community pension services, and put forward specific and clear requirements for local governments." Meng Lilian said, however, how to introduce all-inclusive services, inclusive services and government-purchased services into the market mechanism needs to be explored. At present, there are still too few providers of services for the elderly. Although many institutions and capitals are ready to enter the field of aged care services, the standards, procedures and contents need to be further clarified, and there are still not many that have entered for various reasons. So, don't expect one opinion to solve all the problems.
In the aspect of community pension, China Real Estate Newspaper and China People's Political Consultative Conference Newspaper also formed a joint research group to conduct research in major cities. As of June 8 165438+, all the first samples have been collected. The survey shows that 90% of the elderly are in the community, and the community has a rigid demand for nursing stations. However, the hardware facilities of community pension service institutions are unbalanced, the service content supply and professional support are insufficient, and the funds are still hindering the establishment of institutions, which needs to be improved urgently.
The first survey covered 24 cities in Beijing, Tianjin, Guangdong, Henan, Liaoning, Anhui, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Gansu, Hubei, Chongqing, Jiangsu and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region * * *1person.
The "silver-haired society" came quietly.
China has entered an aging society since 2000. The proportion of the elderly population in the total population is rising, and the development speed of aging is gradually accelerating.
According to the data of National Health and Wellness Committee, with the development of economy and society, people's average life expectancy has been continuously extended, and the average life expectancy of China residents has increased by 77.3 years in 20 19.
Therefore, the number of elderly people in China is also increasing. In 2020, the population of elderly people over 65 years old in China will be about 65.438+77 billion, accounting for 654.38+02.64% of the national population, which has exceeded the international standard of 7% in aging countries. The population over 60 years old is about 268 million, accounting for 18.87% of the national population.
The age of aging has quietly arrived. The problem of providing for the aged has gradually become a proposition of the times.
Behind the huge aging population data, there is a hidden problem of old-age care. On 2019165438+1October 18, a group named "the exchange organization for the aged care of the only-child parents" appeared on Douban, where 50,000 only-children shared their anxieties. They vomited, encouraged and warmed each other. Team members include white-collar workers from private enterprises, civil servants, college students and writers.
Most of them were born in middle-class families in cities and towns, and their parents had high pensions. Even so, the problem of providing for the aged still worries them: they want to study abroad, but they can't let go of their elderly parents; The workplace is far away from my parents, and I don't know how to choose in the future. My parents are sick at the same time. What if I can't take care of them?
They shuttle back and forth between love and responsibility, struggling in fetters.
Correspondingly, the vitality of the domestic old-age service market has not been fully stimulated, and problems such as insufficient development imbalance, insufficient effective supply and low service quality still exist, and the people's demand for old-age services has not been effectively met.
"How to reduce the pressure of providing for the aged, develop the cause of aging and stimulate the silver-haired economy requires a comprehensive consideration of the aging work in the new era." Li, chief researcher of Guangdong Housing Policy Research Center, believes that when most elderly people live alone, they should improve the housing and community functions, make up for the shortcomings of facilities and services for the elderly, realize a sense of security for the elderly and improve the quality of old-age care. To this end, the opinion puts forward that based on home-based care for the elderly, the ability of community care for the elderly should be improved through new construction, reconstruction and leasing. In the past, the allocation of community pension function was relatively weak. At present, the renovation of old residential areas and urban renewal need to provide supplementary facilities and services for the elderly, mainly including aging adaptability, barrier-free renovation, day care centers, social rehabilitation centers and elderly activity centers.
In Li's view, "the opinion also encourages adult children to live with their elderly parents nearby or * * *, which is also in line with the tradition of home-based care for the elderly and child support in China. In the case of increasing pressure on old-age care and less and less pension balance, it is the lowest cost pension model for children and parents to live together or live nearby. "
? Community pension still has pain points.
The challenge of providing for the aged lies not only in the material level, but also in the consumption concept of the older generation.
"Our current clients are mostly the elderly in the 1930s and 1940s." Zhang Lei, director of Yihai Youjia Pension Center, said in an interview that the biggest pain point of community pension is actually the consumption concept of this generation of elderly people.
"The labor cost of community pension service institutions is getting higher and higher, but the elderly's willingness to pay has not increased. For most old people, thrift is a virtue, and money has been saved for children. Therefore, the services provided by community pension are not necessary expenses for them. " Take Zhang Lei as an example. After the family members of the elderly prepay the service fee to the organization, we will still encounter resistance from the elderly every time we go to the door. The old man thinks his children are "wasting money".
In this regard, the government has been providing corresponding support.
2065438+In March 2009, Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, People's Republic of China (PRC) made a government work report to the Second Session of the 13th National People's Congress on behalf of the State Council. In the government work report, Li Keqiang proposed to vigorously develop the aged care service industry, especially the community aged care service, and give tax relief, financial support and preferential prices for water, electricity and heat to institutions that provide services such as day care, rehabilitation care and meal assistance in the community. Newly-built residential areas should support the construction of community old-age facilities, reform and improve the policy of combining medical care with nursing care, and expand the pilot of long-term care insurance system, so that the elderly can enjoy a happy old age and the future can be expected.
"With the support and subsidies of the government, we have also done some free activities and want to establish user habits first. During the activities, the old people are more enthusiastic. Since then, it has also attracted the elderly in the community to receive services, but the results are still not too great. " Zhang Lei said.
Regarding the opinions released by the Central Committee and the State Council, Zhang Lei said, "The release of opinions is certainly a good thing for our community pension service industry. We also very much hope to be more professional and perfect, and finally provide the best community pension service. "
In the aspect of community pension, according to the survey results of China Real Estate Newspaper and China People's Political Consultative Conference Newspaper, Youyang Post Station is a "short board project" in the community at present. Only 1 in 24 communities has excellent care stations, which can provide some day care services for the elderly; The number of unplanned communities is10; Seven communities have established health activity centers for the elderly, but there is no day care service for the elderly; What's more, five communities reserved the property space of Youyang Station during the planning and construction, but they were used for other purposes.
At the same time, the survey results show that according to the actual situation of residential property houses, 22% of residential areas can transform other original property houses into excellent support stations, and 9% of residential areas hope to expand on the basis of the original elderly activity center; 69% communities need to build a new post office.
Yong Lian Village, Zhangjiagang City, Jiangsu Province, has gathered more than 700 energetic and semi-disabled elderly people in the village to provide for the elderly, which has attracted great attention from the society and formed a unique excellent old-age care model of "one small and one old".
Young people and old people in the families surveyed urgently need to build a foster home. The survey results show that all the families surveyed are willing to pay for all the services of the Youyang Station, and the average monthly cost can exceed 1500 yuan. It can be seen that at the family level, solving the imbalance of a disabled family and taking care of a baby has become the necessary rigid support of the whole social mechanism, and the construction of foster care stations is imminent.
It is understood that in April, 20021year, Beijing announced the list and contents of the first batch of renovation of old residential areas in 20021year, and Youyang Station was included in the "six treatments, seven supplements and three regulations". However, in the face of the serious contradiction between community supply and residents' demand, whether it should be completely positioned and adjusted as the basic item of public financial investment. Only in this way can we really make up for the shortcomings of "one old and one small service" in the old community and truly solve the worries of hundreds of millions of families.
At present, in order to promote the pilot project of Youyang Station in China, People's Political Consultative Conference Newspaper, China Real Estate Newspaper, 100 cities, 100 local party newspapers, 100 top real estate enterprises, 100 top properties and well-known medical and health institutions jointly launched the "Study on the Overall Construction of Youyang Station in China". Promoting the construction of physical post stations involved in the "one old and one small" service industry nationwide will solve problems for young people, promote the common development of China's "one old and one small" service industry and related industries, explore new consumption hotspots, and expand social employment, which will not only solve the worries of young people, but also promote the realization of service-oriented economy and build a large domestic cycle. Therefore, it is urgent to adjust the self-selection of the construction of the excellent maintenance post station as the basic item of public investment.
Meng Lilian also admitted that at present, there are still too few providers of aged care services. Although many institutions and capitals are ready to enter the field of aged care services, the standards, procedures and contents need to be further clarified, and there are still not many that have entered for various reasons. Therefore, this still requires the whole society to take action to solve the problem.