The role of nutrition is extraordinary, and the work prospect of the institute is brilliant —— Vice Minister Wang Longde of the Ministry of Health delivered an important speech at the Nutrition Society of China, experts: Hello everyone! Nutritionists can provide scientific basis for correct decision-making in government macro-guidance, formulation of relevant laws and regulations and development planning; In the fields of agricultural production, food processing and market circulation, nutritionists ...
With the economic and social development of China, people's living standards are improving day by day. People want to have a healthy body while pursuing a rich material life. Therefore, people have higher and higher requirements for scientific and reasonable dietary structure. Food safety, nutrition and health, nutrition and health care, nutrition and rehabilitation have become new social needs, and nutrition work has received unprecedented attention. In order to fully popularize nutrition knowledge and raise people's nutrition awareness, China has completed the formulation of the Action Plan for Good Nutrition in China, and will soon issue the Regulations on Improving National Nutrition. It is stepping up the formulation of the National Nutrition Law and other laws and regulations, and gradually implementing the dietitian system in public canteens and catering services in hospitals, kindergartens, schools, enterprises and institutions. In the United States, all hospitalized patients must have the participation of nutritionists; There are/kloc-0 nutritionists for every 330 people in Japan, and the number of nutritionists is 2.4 times that of clinicians. The data shows that there are currently less than 6,000 nutritionists in China, and the job demand has reached at least 400,000. According to experts' prediction, dietitian occupation will be one of the hottest occupations in the new century. In recent years, with the increase of chronic diseases such as hypertension, obesity and diabetes in China, the government has begun to pay attention to this problem. The National Nutrition Regulations being drafted stipulates: "All kindergartens, hospitals, schools, restaurants, restaurants, canteens, etc. "Outline of Nutrition Development in China" and the forthcoming "Direct Selling Law" have made strict requirements for employees to hold certificates, stipulating that only employees with nutritionist and doctor qualifications can engage in the occupation of selling health care products.
For decades, the US Food and Drug Administration (hereinafter referred to as FDA) has mostly managed dietary supplements according to ordinary foods to ensure that the products are safe, perfect, with true labels and will not mislead consumers. Importantly, according to 1958 U.S. federal food, drug and cosmetic act (FD&: Act) Provisions on Food Additives and Supplements The safety of each new food ingredient is evaluated, including the ingredients of dietary supplements. However, Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) was passed in 1994, FD&; Bill C, which contains some regulations specifically for dietary supplements and dietary supplements. In this way, the food ingredients of dietary supplements no longer need to be evaluated for safety before marketing, like other new food ingredients or new functions of food ingredients. But they must meet the relevant safety requirements.
1994 10.25 DSHEA realized that the purpose is that many consumers think that dietary supplements can help improve the daily dietary level and bring health benefits. DSHEA ensures the safety and correct labeling of such foods, and provides guidance for those who produce and eat such products. At the same time, DSHEA pointed out that further scientific research is needed to confirm the possible promoting relationship between a perfect diet and health, but at present, dietary supplements do have a certain connection with reducing health care costs and preventing diseases.
The term DSHEA first defines the categories of dietary supplements and dietary ingredients; Establish a new framework to ensure its safety; Clarify the text requirements determined when selling products; Several statements about function and nutrition are listed. Point out the requirements for ingredients and nutrition labels; Entrust FDA to draft relevant GMP regulations. DSHEA also called for the establishment of a dietary supplement labeling committee and a dietary supplement office at the National Institutes of Health. The above content will be introduced in detail later.
Definition of dietary supplements
In the past, FDA only used essential nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals and protein, as ingredients of dietary supplements. 1990 nutrition labeling and education law (NLEA, 1990) also lists "herbs or similar nutrients" in dietary supplements. After that, DSHEA extended the scope of "dietary supplements" to other essential nutrients, such as ginseng, garlic, fish oil, plantain, enzymes, glands and various mixtures of all the above substances.
DSHEA explained the formal definition of dietary supplement with several basic requirements, namely, "dietary supplement" is:
A dietary supplement product (except tobacco) may contain one or more of the following dietary components: vitamins, minerals, herbs or other plants, amino acids, dietary components for supplementing the total daily intake, or concentrates, metabolites, components, extracts or compositions of the above components.
The product form can be pills, capsules, tablets or liquids.
Can not replace ordinary food or become the only diet variety.
. Labeled as "Dietary Supplement".
Approved new drugs, licensed antibiotics or licensed biological agents, such as products that have been marketed as dietary supplements or foods before being approved, licensed and licensed respectively (except SHHS exemption from the US Department of Health and Human Affairs).
safe
DSHEA modified the original FD &；; The provisions of the bill on food adulteration. According to the provisions of DSHEA, if a dietary supplement or some of its ingredients are eaten under the label instructions or under normal conditions (if there is no food instructions), it has obvious or excessive risk of causing disease or injury, then the dietary supplement is regarded as a doped product. New food ingredients contained in dietary supplements (for example, food ingredients that were not listed as dietary supplements in the United States before 1994 10+05) are regarded as adulterated if they lack sufficient information to ensure that they will not lead to obvious or excessive risks of disease or injury. The US Department of Health and Human Affairs (SHHS) announced which dietary supplements or food ingredients directly endanger human health and safety. But like other foods, producers have the responsibility to ensure the safety of products and the correct identification of labels before selling.
related data
DSHEA provides some "third-party" materials to help consumers understand the health benefits of dietary supplements. It includes articles, abstracts, scientific abstracts or other third-party publications. The relevant provisions of DSHEA particularly emphasize that such information shall not be wrong or misleading; Do not promote a product brand; Need to show a scientific and balanced view with other materials; Must be separated from the product; No other information (such as product promotional materials, etc.). ) should be attached to the product.
Nutrition argument
DSHEA has put forward various statements that can be used on dietary supplement products, but these statements (propaganda) must not be the relationship between a dietary supplement and disease diagnosis, prevention, alleviation and treatment (unless the regulations on new drugs have been FD&: Approved by act). For example, products must not claim to be "cancer treatment" or "arthritis treatment". Several health promotion approved by FDA, such as "folic acid and reducing the risk of neural tube defects in newborns" and "calcium and reducing the risk of osteoporosis", can be used as a supplement to the label and used in products that meet the promotion requirements. According to DSHEA, manufacturers can also introduce information about malnutrition on their products, as long as these instructions can provide information about the incidence of such diseases in the United States. In addition, manufacturers can also publicize the effects of dietary supplements on body structure and function, and even overall health. In all the above publicity, the manufacturer must provide information to confirm its authenticity, which will not mislead consumers. The product label should also be accompanied by a paragraph: "This product has not been evaluated by FDA, and this product cannot be used for diagnosis, treatment or prevention of diseases." This kind of nutrition promotion does not need FDA approval before the product goes on the market, which is different from "health promotion".
Component identification and nutrition information identification Dietary supplements, like other products, must have component identification. It includes the name and dosage of each food ingredient, and the total amount of all dietary ingredients (excluding inactive ingredients) of the composite product. The product label should say "dietary supplement" (for example, "vitamin C dietary supplement"). If the product contains herbal ingredients, it should indicate which part of the plant the ingredients come from. If a dietary supplement is one of the official specifications (including USP, USP, national formulary, etc. ), must comply with its relevant specifications. If it is not in the above-mentioned official catalogue, this dietary supplement must also meet the label and have the indicated efficacy.
Product labels should also have nutrition labels. In the nutrition label, the dietary ingredients with the daily recommended intake value determined by FDA are listed in front, and the ingredients without the daily recommended intake value are listed behind. Dietary ingredients with small dosage need not be marked. The nutrition label also includes the content of each dietary ingredient in each food and the source of the dietary ingredient (such as "calcium comes from calcium gluconate"). All ingredients marked in the nutrition label do not need to be listed in the ingredient label. In the product label, the nutrition label should precede the ingredient label.
New dietary ingredients
The new dietary ingredients in dietary supplements refer to substances that were not listed in the United States before19941kloc-0/0/0/0. When adding these substances to food, it is necessary to ensure that the chemical properties of the original food will not change, or to ensure the safety of the product under the past and recommended conditions. Manufacturers of such products need to apply to the FDA 75 days before listing, and the submitted materials should make the FDA make a conclusion that "the products can be guaranteed to be safe enough" as far as possible.
Good manufacturing process (GMP)
DSHEA suggested that FDA should be responsible for drafting GMP regulations on the preparation, packaging and storage of dietary supplements to ensure their safety. This regulation can be formulated after the implementation of GMP regulations for other products at present. The FDA is prepared to work with other industrial departments and relevant people to formulate and solicit public opinions at that time.
Dietary supplements Committee
DSHEA requires the establishment of a dietary supplement committee, which is responsible for the research and label management of dietary supplements, and the establishment of procedures for evaluating various functional propaganda. Members of the Committee should determine how to better evaluate the information that the product is true, scientific and effective and will not mislead consumers, so that consumers can make wise and correct choices. Committee members include people from production, research, management, sales and use departments.