Insufficient dosage of insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents will lead to high sugar in the body, which will lead to high blood sugar over time. Causes of hyperglycemia (2) The amount of exercise is obviously reduced, and insulin cannot play an effective role. Proper exercise can reduce blood sugar to the most appropriate level, while reduced exercise will increase blood lipid, which may aggravate the cause of hyperglycemia. (3) Eating too much, especially sweets or sugary drinks, makes the sugar content in the human body significantly higher than the standard requirements, and at the same time raises blood lipids, leading to hyperglycemia.
Disease analysis:
Control the total calories: The total calories should be determined according to the nutritional status, weight, age, gender and physical activity of the patient, and the principle is to make the patient's weight slightly lower than or within the standard weight range.
Generally speaking, the daily calorie intake is 1500- 1800 calories, and obese people should reduce it to 1200- 1500 calories. Carbohydrate accounts for about 60% of the total calories, equivalent to 300-400 grams of staple food. Carbohydrates in coarse grains decompose slowly and are suitable for diabetics.
Suggestion:
Dietary precautions:
1, the staple food is generally rice and flour, but we prefer coarse grains, such as oats, cereal and corn flour. Because these foods contain more inorganic salts and vitamins and are rich in dietary fiber, they have the function of lowering blood sugar and are conducive to controlling blood sugar.
2. The protein source of hyperglycemia patients is soybean and its bean products. On the one hand, its protein is of good quality; On the other hand, it contains no cholesterol and has the function of lowering blood fat, so it can replace some animal foods, such as meat.
During the calorie control period, when you are still hungry, you can eat vegetables with less sugar. After boiling in water, add some seasonings and you can eat. Because vegetables contain more dietary fiber, more water and lower heat energy, they feel full and are essential foods for diabetics.
4. Foods forbidden to eat include: white sugar, red pond, glucose and sugary sweets, such as candy, cake, jam, candied fruit, ice cream and sweet drinks. In addition, there are potatoes, yams, taro, lotus roots, garlic sprouts, carrots and so on. Which contains more carbohydrates is used less or the corresponding staple food is reduced after eating.
5. Lard, butter, foreign oil, cream, butter, etc. Rich in saturated fatty acids, use less, preferably not. Vegetable oil can be used instead of some animal oil, and peanuts, walnuts, sesame seeds and melon seeds also contain a lot of fat. Try not to eat or eat less or reduce oil intake.
6. Egg yolk and viscera of animals such as liver, brain and waist contain high cholesterol and should be used as little as possible or not.
7. Fruit contains glucose and fructose, which can raise blood sugar, so when blood sugar and urine sugar are relatively stable, fasting blood sugar.
8. Alcohol, mainly containing alcohol, produces high calories and has few other nutrients, so it is not suitable for drinking.
9. In addition to controlling total calories, the diet of patients with hyperglycemia should also be diversified. However, due to the restriction of sugar and salt, the taste of dishes is relatively simple. In view of this, stevia, sweet sugar and other sweeteners have appeared in the market, which do not produce heat and do not contain any nutrients. In recent years, there is a sweetener aspartame, which is composed of amino acids, does not produce heat and has no side effects. It is an ideal sweetener at present, such as
10, for insulin-dependent patients, it is also necessary to strictly implement diet control under the guidance of doctors and nutritionists. For obese diabetic patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease, in addition to strict diet control, animal viscera, egg yolk, roe and so on. Animal oils such as butter, lard and butter are strictly controlled, and saturated fatty acids are not good for preventing atherosclerosis.
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Several healthy suggestions and principles:
Principle 1: diet control
Eat less starchy plants, such as rice, noodles, potatoes and taro. The starch content of these foods is generally high. If you need to calculate by yourself, you can find a doctor in a related major.
Suggestion:
Principle 2: Moderate exercise
Abnormal blood sugar is mostly related to obesity and hyperlipidemia, and also to too little exercise. Generally, middle-aged and elderly people should exercise moderately, such as brisk walking, jogging and playing ball games. For mild fatigue, 1-2 hours each time is appropriate. Patients with heart disease and hypertension should choose and exercise under the guidance of doctors' knowledge.
Principle 3: Health education
People with high blood sugar need lifelong treatment. Different treatments at different stages have different daily eating habits. If you don't have relevant knowledge, you can't cooperate with doctors well. For example, if you take medicine, you should understand its properties and receive more health education in this area. At least you can work with your doctor to help control the complications caused by high blood sugar.
Principle 4: Drug control
Medication must be carried out under the guidance of a doctor, which is also closely related to health education.