The solvency of an enterprise refers to its ability to repay long-term and short-term debts with its assets. Whether an enterprise has the ability to pay cash and repay debts is the key to its survival and healthy development.
I. Introduction to Vanke:
Vanke Enterprise Co., Ltd. was established in May 1984. Its core business is real estate, and it is one of the first publicly listed enterprises in Chinese mainland. As of June 365438+February 3, 20031day, the company's total assets were105.6 billion yuan and its net assets were 47100 billion yuan. 198865438+February, the company publicly issued 28 million shares to the public, raising 28 million yuan, and its assets and business scale expanded rapidly. 199165438+1On October 29th, corporate A shares were listed and traded in Shenzhen Stock Exchange. 199 1 June, the company raised 654.38+27 million yuan by placing and directionally issuing 28.36 million new shares, and the company began to develop across regions. At the end of 1992, Shanghai Vanke City Garden Project was officially launched, and the development of mass housing projects was identified as the core business of Vanke, and Vanke began to adjust its business. 1in March, 1993, the company issued 45 million B shares, which were listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange on May 28th, 1993. The B-share issuance fund is HK$ 4,565,438+0.35 million, which is mainly invested in real estate development, and the core business of real estate is further highlighted. From June 65438 to June 0997, the company raised 383 million yuan through capital increase and rights issue, mainly investing in residential development in Shenzhen to promote the development of the company's real estate business in by going up one flight of stairs. At the beginning of 2000, the company raised 625 million yuan by increasing capital and shares, and its strength was further enhanced. 200 1, the company transferred 72% of the shares directly and indirectly held by Wanjia Department Store Co., Ltd. to China China Resources Corporation and its subsidiaries, becoming a dedicated real estate company. In June 2002, Vanke issued convertible corporate bonds, raising 654.38+500 million yuan, which further enhanced the financial strength of developing the main real estate industry. The company 1988 intervened in the real estate field, and 1992 officially determined the development of mass housing as its core business. By the end of 2002, it has entered Shenzhen, Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Shenyang, Chengdu, Wuhan, Nanjing, Changchun, Nanchang, Foshan and other places for residential development. In 2003, Vanke successively entered Anshan, Dalian, Zhongshan, Guangzhou, Dongguan and other places.
Second, Vanke A solvency analysis
(A) short-term solvency analysis
1. current ratio
Liquidity ratio at the end of 2008 = = 1.76
Liquidity ratio at the end of 2009 = = 1.92
20 10 year-end liquidity ratio = = 20552100000/12965100000 =1.59.
Analysis: The average current ratio of Vanke's real estate industry in 2008 was 1.84, indicating that compared with similar companies, Vanke's current ratio in 2009 was significantly higher than that of the same industry, and the financial risk of Vanke's current liabilities was small. At the same time, Vanke's current ratio in 2009 was significantly higher than that in 2008, indicating that Vanke's financial risk decreased in 2009 and its solvency increased. However, it is in a declining state at 10, indicating that the company's short-term solvency is declining and its financial situation is unstable.
2. Quick ratio
Quick ratio at the end of 2008:
= =
=0.43
Quick ratio at the end of 2009:
= =
=0.59
Quick ratio at the end of 20 10:
= =(20552 1000000-333000000)/ 12965 1000000
=0.56
Analysis: The average quick ratio of Vanke's real estate industry in 2008 was 0.57, which shows that Vanke's quick ratio in 2009 was equivalent to that of the same industry. At the same time, Vanke's quick ratio in 2009 was greatly improved compared with that in 2008, indicating that Vanke's financial risk was reduced and its solvency was enhanced. 10, the quick ratio decreased slightly, indicating that the solvency was slightly weakened due to the regulation of the real estate market.
3. Bank cash reserve ratio
Cash ratio in 2008 = (monetary fund+trading financial assets)/current liabilities =1997 8285900/64553721902 = 30.95%.
Cash ratio in 2009 = (2300190000+740471)/68058279849 = 33.8%.
The cash ratio of 20 10 is 3781690000/129651000000 = 29.17%.
Analysis: From the data, Vanke's cash ratio first rose and then fell, from 30.95 in 2008 to 33.8 in 2009, indicating that the company's spot liquidity increased, but fell to 29. 17 in 10, indicating that Vanke's inventory liquidity is the main factor restricting its short-term solvency.
(B) Long-term solvency analysis
1. Asset-liability ratio
The asset-liability ratio at the end of 2008 = = 0.674.
The asset-liability ratio at the end of 2009 = = 0.670.
20161051000000/215638000000 year-end asset-liability ratio = 0.747.
Analysis: The average asset-liability ratio of Vanke's real estate industry in 2008 was 0.56, and the asset-liability ratio of Vanke in recent three years was slightly higher than that of the same industry, indicating that Vanke has a reasonable capital structure, strong long-term debt repayment ability and low long-term financial risk. In addition, the debt level in 2009 was slightly lower than that in 2008, and the financial situation tended to be stable. 10, the increase in asset-liability ratio indicates that the solvency is weak.
2. Debt-equity ratio
Debt-equity ratio at the end of 2008:
= = =2.07
Debt-equity ratio at the end of 2009:
= = =2.03
20 10 year-end debt-equity ratio:
= = 16 105 1000000/5458620000=2.95
Analysis: In 2008, the average debt ratio of Vanke real estate industry was 1. 10. The analysis conclusion is consistent with the asset-liability ratio. 10, Vanke's debt ratio rose sharply, indicating that the enterprise fully exerted the financial leverage effect brought by debt. .
3. Interest guarantee multiple
Interest guarantee multiple at the end of 2008:
= = = 10.62
Interest guarantee multiple at the end of 2009:
= = = 16.02
20 10 year-end interest guarantee multiple:
= ==24.68
Analysis: In 2008, the average interest guarantee multiple of Vanke real estate industry was 3.23 times. It can be seen that Vanke's interest guarantee multiple in recent two years is significantly higher than that in the same industry, indicating that the enterprise has strong ability to pay interest and perform debt contracts and less financial risks. The greater the multiple of earning interest, the stronger the solvency. As can be seen from the above, the multiple of earning interest is rising, and Vanke's long-term solvency is enhanced.
02 Mission-Combat Capability Analysis
1. Vanke enterprise co., ltd was established in may 1984, with real estate as its core business, and was one of the first publicly listed enterprises in Chinese mainland. As of June 365438+February 3, 20031day, the company's total assets were105.6 billion yuan and its net assets were 47100 billion yuan. 198865438+February, the company publicly issued 28 million shares to the public, raising 28 million yuan, and its assets and business scale expanded rapidly. 199165438+1On October 29th, corporate A shares were listed and traded in Shenzhen Stock Exchange. 199 1 June, the company raised 654.38+27 million yuan by placing and directionally issuing 28.36 million new shares, and the company began to develop across regions. At the end of 1992, Shanghai Vanke City Garden Project was officially launched, and the development of mass housing projects was identified as the core business of Vanke, and Vanke began to adjust its business. 1in March, 1993, the company issued 45 million B shares, which were listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange on May 28th, 1993. The B-share issuance fund is HK$ 4,565,438+0.35 million, which is mainly invested in real estate development, and the core business of real estate is further highlighted. From June 65438 to June 0997, the company raised 383 million yuan through capital increase and rights issue, mainly investing in residential development in Shenzhen to promote the development of the company's real estate business in by going up one flight of stairs. At the beginning of 2000, the company raised 625 million yuan by increasing capital and shares, and its strength was further enhanced. 200 1, the company transferred 72% of the shares directly and indirectly held by Wanjia Department Store Co., Ltd. to China China Resources Corporation and its subsidiaries, becoming a dedicated real estate company. In June 2002, Vanke issued convertible corporate bonds, raising 654.38+500 million yuan, which further enhanced the financial strength of developing the main real estate industry. The company 1988 intervened in the real estate field, and 1992 officially determined the development of mass housing as its core business. By the end of 2002, it has entered Shenzhen, Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Shenyang, Chengdu, Wuhan, Nanjing, Changchun, Nanchang, Foshan and other places for residential development. In 2003, Vanke successively entered Anshan, Dalian, Zhongshan, Guangzhou, Dongguan and other places.
Second, Vanke A solvency analysis
(a) short-term solvency analysis 1. Liquidity ratio at the end of 2008 = = 1.76
Liquidity ratio at the end of 2009 = = 1.92
20 10 year-end liquidity ratio = = 20552100000/12965100000 =1.59.
Analysis: The average current ratio of Vanke's real estate industry in 2008 was 1.84, indicating that compared with similar companies, Vanke's current ratio in 2009 was significantly higher than that of the same industry, and the financial risk of Vanke's current liabilities was small. At the same time, Vanke's current ratio in 2009 was significantly higher than that in 2008, indicating that Vanke's financial risk decreased in 2009 and its solvency increased. However, it is in a declining state at 10, indicating that the company's short-term solvency is declining and its financial situation is unstable.
2. Quick ratio At the end of 2008, quick ratio was = = 0.43.
Quick ratio at the end of 2009: = = 0.59
Quick ratio at the end of 20 10: = = (20552100000-33300000)/12965100000 = 0.56.
Analysis: The average quick ratio of Vanke's real estate industry in 2008 was 0.57, which shows that Vanke's quick ratio in 2009 was equivalent to that of the same industry. At the same time, Vanke's quick ratio in 2009 was greatly improved compared with that in 2008, indicating that Vanke's financial risk was reduced and its solvency was enhanced. 10, the quick ratio decreased slightly, indicating that the solvency was slightly weakened due to the regulation of the real estate market.
3. Cash ratio In 2008, cash ratio = (monetary funds+trading financial assets)/current liabilities =1997 8285900/64553721902 = 30.95%.
Cash ratio in 2009 = (2300190000+740471)/68058279849 = 33.8%.
The cash ratio of 20 10 is 3781690000/129651000000 = 29.17%.
Analysis: From the data, Vanke's cash ratio first rose and then fell, from 30.95 in 2008 to 33.8 in 2009, indicating that the company's spot liquidity increased, but fell to 29. 17 in 10, indicating that Vanke's inventory liquidity is the main factor restricting its short-term solvency.
(II) Long-term solvency analysis 1. The asset-liability ratio at the end of 2008 = = 0.674.
The asset-liability ratio at the end of 2009 = = 0.670.
20161051000000/215638000000 year-end asset-liability ratio = 0.747.
Analysis: The average asset-liability ratio of Vanke's real estate industry in 2008 was 0.56, and the asset-liability ratio of Vanke in recent three years was slightly higher than that of the same industry, indicating that Vanke has a reasonable capital structure, strong long-term debt repayment ability and low long-term financial risk. In addition, the debt level in 2009 was slightly lower than that in 2008, and the financial situation tended to be stable. 10, the increase in asset-liability ratio indicates that the solvency is weak.
2. Debt-equity ratio at the end of 2008: = = =2.07
Debt-equity ratio at the end of 2009: = = 2.03
20161051000000/5458620000 year-end debt ratio = 2.95.
Analysis: In 2008, the average debt ratio of Vanke real estate industry was 1. 10. The analysis conclusion is consistent with the asset-liability ratio. 10, Vanke's debt ratio rose sharply, indicating that the enterprise fully exerted the financial leverage effect brought by debt. . 3. Interest guarantee multiple: = =10.62 Interest guarantee multiple at the end of 2009: = = 16.022065438+24.68 Analysis: In 2008, the average interest guarantee multiple of Vanke real estate industry was 3.23 times. It can be seen that Vanke's interest guarantee multiple in recent two years is significantly higher than that in the same industry, indicating that the enterprise has strong ability to pay interest and perform debt contracts and less financial risks. The greater the multiple of earning interest, the stronger the solvency. As can be seen from the above, the multiple of earning interest is rising, and Vanke's long-term solvency is enhanced.
Profitability analysis of Vanke A
Profitability is related to the return of investors, the fundamental guarantee for creditors to recover their claims, and the vital ability of enterprises.
1. Operating income analysis
Operating income is a comprehensive reflection of enterprise's marketing ability, the basis of profit and the basis of enterprise development. As can be seen from the table below, the Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta are the main sources of its profits. The enterprise has initially formed a "3+X" cross-regional layout with the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Bohai Rim as the main areas, supplemented by other regional economic center cities. The key investment centered on Shenzhen and Shanghai and the continuous expansion of second-tier cities are the main factors to ensure the rapid growth of performance.
2009
main business income
Net profit ratio
Settlement area ratio
Pearl River Delta Region
27.03%
37. 16%
25.08%
Yangtze river delta region
32.38%
36.46%
26.06%
Beijing, Tianjin and regions
32.0 1%
18.77%
36.34%
other
8.58%
7.60%
12.52%
2. Period cost analysis
Period cost is the ability of enterprises to reduce costs, which is closely related to technical level, product design, economies of scale and cost management level. In the three years when the growth rate of operating expenses has decreased, the growth rate of sales still keeps rising, which not only reflects the improvement of market sales, but also reflects the great improvement of sales management level. As can be seen from the table below, the growth rate of management expenses is not small. Good management is the core of enterprise development, but it should also be controlled moderately. Because the real estate industry needs a lot of funds as the backing, bank loan interest is capitalized, and there are also a lot of bank deposits. Therefore, in the case of a large number of loans, Vanke's financial expenses are negative, and the management should pay attention to improving the efficiency of capital utilization.
Table of growth range of each project
age
2006-2007
2007-2008
2008-2009
main business income
57.0 1%
39.04%
56.79%
production cost
66.48%
55.99%
4 1.83%
Management cost
43. 17%
0.48%
42.82%
3. Main business profit and profit composition analysis
Profitability analysis of main business: As can be seen from the following table, the gross profit margin of sales increased gradually in 2006-09. In 2007, according to the expectation of booming market supply and demand, steadily rising house prices and scarcity of land resources in the future market, enterprises raised the selling prices of some projects, and the gross profit margin of the projects increased significantly. In 2008, the return on net assets was the highest in recent years, and the benefits made great progress. The step-by-step income of its project has stability and strong anti-risk ability, which smoothes the influence of industry fluctuation.
age
2006
2007
2008
2009
Net profit from sales
8.36
8.5
1 1.45
12.79
Gross sales
20.09
22.5 1
25.75
28.72
Analysis of profit composition: As can be seen from the above table, the profit of Vanke's main business is on the rise, of which real estate business is its main source, and the gross profit margin keeps a steady growth trend, while the profitability of property management business needs to be strengthened. After 2006, the growth of net profit depends largely on the growth of operating profit, and the proportion of investment income has dropped significantly. The ratio of net non-operating income to expenditure is gradually decreasing.
4. Profitability indicators
(1) Return on assets and return on equity. Both indicators are on the rise (see table below). It shows that the profitability of enterprises is constantly improving.
age
2006
2007
2008
2009
Net interest rate of assets
4.65%
5. 13%
5.65%
6. 14%
Return on common shareholders' equity
1 1.3 1%
1 1.53%
14.26%
16.25%
(2) Operating indicators and cash flow per share. The ratio of net operating cash flow to net profit reflects the quality of enterprise income. The following table shows that the index fluctuates greatly, indicating that the cash flow lacks stability and has great risks. This uncertainty is mainly caused by the increase of inventory. Therefore, Vanke should strengthen cash flow management, reduce market risks, improve operational efficiency and ensure the flexibility of business development. For example, in 2008, strengthen the management of project development rhythm, speed up sales, adopt different rental and sales strategies for different types, further digest existing home inventory and speed up project capital turnover; In 2009, the strategy of "cash is king" was implemented, and the annual start-up and completion plans were compressed, reducing cash expenditure and achieving good results.
age
2006
2007
2008
2009
Business index
0.62
1. 19
-2.73
0.34
Due to the implementation of the stock dividend policy of 10 and 10 in 2006, the earnings per share in 2007 dropped significantly. Therefore, the actual shareholder income still increases. This indicator has maintained a relatively stable trend, and it can still maintain a certain earnings per share in the case of continuous capital increase, indicating that Vanke has strong profitability. In 2009, the industry average cash flow per share was 0.404. This indicator is on the low side, mainly due to the expansion of share capital caused by the conversion of provident fund into shares every year. Secondly, it reflects that Vanke's ability to obtain cash is low.
age
2006
2007
2008
2009
Cash flow per share
0.26
- 1.06
0.46
0.23
The above analysis shows that Vanke A has strong profitability, and this profitability has good stability. In the decade of great changes in the industry, Vanke has always maintained a high level of profitability. In addition to the strong market demand, it shows that it has a high management level and decision-making ability. In addition, standardized and good values are also the secret of its enduring.
Comprehensive analysis of Vanke A's financial statements
I. Introduction to Vanke:
Vanke Enterprise Co., Ltd. was established in May 1984. Its core business is real estate, and it is one of the first publicly listed enterprises in Chinese mainland. As of June 365438+February 3, 20031day, the company's total assets were105.6 billion yuan and its net assets were 47100 billion yuan. 198865438+February, the company publicly issued 28 million shares to the public, raising 28 million yuan, and its assets and business scale expanded rapidly. 199165438+1On October 29th, corporate A shares were listed and traded in Shenzhen Stock Exchange. 199 1 June, the company raised 654.38+27 million yuan by placing and directionally issuing 28.36 million new shares, and the company began to develop across regions. At the end of 1992, Shanghai Vanke City Garden Project was officially launched, and the development of mass housing projects was identified as the core business of Vanke, and Vanke began to adjust its business. 1in March, 1993, the company issued 45 million B shares, which were listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange on May 28th, 1993. The B-share issuance fund is HK$ 4,565,438+0.35 million, which is mainly invested in real estate development, and the core business of real estate is further highlighted. From June 65438 to June 0997, the company raised 383 million yuan through capital increase and rights issue, mainly investing in residential development in Shenzhen to promote the development of the company's real estate business in by going up one flight of stairs. At the beginning of 2000, the company raised 625 million yuan by increasing capital and shares, and its strength was further enhanced. 200 1, the company transferred 72% of the shares directly and indirectly held by Wanjia Department Store Co., Ltd. to China China Resources Corporation and its subsidiaries, becoming a dedicated real estate company. In June 2002, Vanke issued convertible corporate bonds, raising 654.38+500 million yuan, which further enhanced the financial strength of developing the main real estate industry. The company 1988 intervened in the real estate field, and 1992 officially determined the development of mass housing as its core business. By the end of 2002, it has entered Shenzhen, Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Shenyang, Chengdu, Wuhan, Nanjing, Changchun, Nanchang, Foshan and other places for residential development. In 2003, Vanke successively entered Anshan, Dalian, Zhongshan, Guangzhou, Dongguan and other places.
Two. Introduction to DuPont's analytical principle
Dupont analysis method, also known as DuPont financial analysis system, is a comprehensive and systematic method to analyze and evaluate the financial situation and economic benefits of enterprises by using the internal relationship between the main financial ratio indicators. The system takes the return on net assets as the leading factor and the net interest rate of assets and the equity multiplier as the core, focusing on revealing the influence of enterprise profitability, asset investment profitability and equity multiplier on the return on net assets and the interaction between related indicators.
Several major financial indicators involved in DuPont's analysis are as follows:
Return on net assets = net interest rate of assets * equity multiplier
Net interest rate of assets = net interest rate of sales * asset turnover rate
Return on net assets = net profit rate of sales * asset turnover rate * equity multiplier
3. DuPont analysis data.
Several major financial indicators involved in DuPont's analysis are as follows:
Return on net assets = net interest rate of assets * equity multiplier
Net interest rate of assets = net interest rate of sales * asset turnover rate
Return on net assets = net profit rate of sales * asset turnover rate * equity multiplier
Dupont analysis
Profit rate of total assets
0.7878%
X
Equity multiplier
1/( 1-0.68)
= Total assets/shareholders' equity
= 1/( 1- asset-liability ratio)
= 1/( 1- total liabilities/total assets) x 100%
Return on common shareholders' equity
2.94%
Main business profit margin
15.0 1 1 1%
X
turnover of total assets
0.0525%
= main business income/average total assets
= main business income/(total assets at the end of the period+)
Total assets at the beginning) /2
End of term:148,395,955,757
Start:137,507,653,940
net profit
1, 126,579,449
/
main business income
7,504,969,755
main business income
7,504,969,755
/
total assets
148,395,955,757
main business income
7,504,969,755
-
total cost
6,202,756,893
+
Other profits
200,022,269
-
income tax
375,655,68 1
floating assets
140,886,939,320
+
long-term asset
7,383,409,0 16
Main business cost
5,494,62 1,235
production cost
293,290,365
Management cost
309,252,999
financial expenses
105,592,294
monetary capital
17,9 17,6 18,442
temporary investment
receivables
406,782,083
goods in stock
103,5 1 1,656,967
other current assetslities
19,050,88 1,828
permanent investment
3,905,290,692
fixed assets
1,999,879,587
invisible assets
Other assets
1 10,2 13, 152
1, ROE = ROI * average equity percentage
Equity ratio =11-asset-liability ratio
time
project
20 10.03.3 1
2009.03.3 1
comment
Equity multiplier
3. 125
3. 125
In practice, the average equity multiplier is replaced by the equity percentage.
Return on investment (%)
7.8
6.30 1
Return on net assets (%)
24.375
19.6906
2 Return on investment
time
project
20 10.03.3 1
2009. 12.3 1
2009.09.30
2009.06.30
Net profit margin of sales (%)
15.669
13. 1544
10.0 109
14.2 156
Total assets turnover rate (%)
0.0525
0.3806
0.2375
0. 1789
Return on investment (%)
1.86
1.72
1.68
1.8 1
3 capital structure analysis
time
project
20 10.03.3 1
2009. 12.3 1
2009.09.30
2009.06.30
Asset-liability ratio (%)
68.0628
67.00 17
67.287
66.427 1
Shareholders' equity ratio (%)
3 1.9372
32.9983
26.9823
33.5729
Data analysis results:
(1) ROE is a comprehensive index with the greatest correlation with the company's financial management objectives. ROE is determined by the company's net sales rate, total assets turnover rate and equity multiplier. As can be seen from the above data, Vanke Real Estate's return on net assets is relatively high, with a large increase from 2009 to 20 10, indicating that the financial risk of the enterprise is relatively small.
(2) The equity multiplier is mainly affected by the asset-liability ratio. The greater the debt ratio, the higher the equity multiplier, indicating that the higher the debt level of the enterprise, which will bring more leverage income and more risks to the enterprise. The company's equity multiplier is large, indicating that Vanke Real Estate has a high degree of debt and a high risk for the enterprise.
(3) The net profit rate of sales reflects the relationship between the total profit of the enterprise and the sales revenue. In this sense, improving the net profit rate of sales is the key to improve the profitability of enterprises. In the past two years, the net profit rate of Vanke real estate sales has increased, indicating that the profitability of enterprises has improved.