The rain solar term generally starts from February 18 to 20 and ends on March 4 or 5. During the rainy season, the direct point of the sun is gradually approaching the equator from the southern hemisphere. At this time, the sunshine hours and intensity in the northern hemisphere are increasing, and the temperature is rising rapidly. Warm and humid air from the ocean becomes active and gradually pushes northward, and the rainfall gradually increases, but the rainfall level is mainly light rain or Mao Mao rain.
Characteristics of solar terms
Rain is the second of the 24 solar terms. Every year on February1August-20 in Gregorian calendar, when the solar calendar reaches 330 degrees, it is a rainy solar term. The rain solar term generally starts from February 18 to 20 and ends on March 4 or 5. Rain, like Grain Rain, Xiaoman, light snow and heavy snow, is a solar term reflecting precipitation. After the solar term of rain, the direct point of the sun is gradually approaching the equator from the southern hemisphere. At this time, the sunshine hours and intensity in the northern hemisphere are increasing, and the temperature is rising rapidly. Warm and humid air from the ocean becomes active and gradually pushes northward. The rainfall is increasing gradually, but the rainfall level is mainly light rain or Mao Mao rain. As the saying goes, "Spring rain is as expensive as oil", and suitable precipitation is very important for the growth of crops. Twenty-four solar terms are the product of ancient farming civilization, and "rain" is the reflection of farming culture on festivals. [ 1] [4] [7]
Snow is an important symbol of winter, and it is still snowing in some parts of northern China, and it is still very cold. The solar term with the heaviest snow all year round in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River is neither "light snow and heavy snow" nor "slight cold and severe cold" (because the temperature was low at that time and there was less water vapor in the atmosphere), but the "rain" solar term in the spring of late February. [2] The southwest of the south and most parts of the south of the Yangtze River are all scenes of early spring, with warm sunshine, wet and cold in the morning and evening, green fields and spring water heating. South China is full of spring and flowers are in full bloom. Spring scenery is everywhere in southern Yunnan. [ 1] [4] [7-8]
Date calculation
Calculation of rainfall date [Y*D+C]-L
Interpretation of the formula: multiply the last two digits of the year by 0.2422 plus 18.74, and subtract the integer from the leap year of this century. 2 1 century rainwater c value is 18.73.
For example, the date of rain in 2008 = [8× 0.2422+18.74]-[(8-1)/4] = 20-1= 19, and it rained in February19.
Exception: The calculated rainfall date in 2026 should be reduced by one day, which is 18.
Documentary record
Yi Zhoushu's poem says, "When it rains, Rex sacrifices fish."
"The Book of Rites and the Moon Order": "It begins to rain in mid-spring and flowers in peaches." Zheng Xuan's Note: "Rain is the February Festival of the Han Dynasty."
Biography of Han Mang: "It's the rain of the boxer, ugly and clear."
Twenty-four solar terms: "In the first month, water is born every day. Spring belongs to wood, but there must be water for those who grow wood, so there is rain in beginning of spring. If the east wind melts, it will disperse into rain. " It means that after the solar term, everything begins to sprout. For example, Yizhoushu has phenological records such as "Hongyan coming" and "vegetation sprouting" after the rain.
Regional climate
Rainwater is located in February 18-20 (around the 15th day of the first lunar month) of the Gregorian calendar, and the solar term starts on rainy days and ends before the day of fright (4-5 March of the Gregorian calendar). The direct point of the sun is approaching the equator from the southern hemisphere. At this time, in the northern hemisphere, the sunshine hours and intensity are increasing, the temperature is rising rapidly, and the warm and humid air from the ocean is becoming active and gradually moving northward. At the same time, cold air is not to be outdone in the weakening trend. It frequently competes with warm air, and the rainfall gradually increases, but the rainfall level is mainly light rain or Mao Mao rain. The meaning of rain solar term is that rainfall begins and gradually increases. [9]
The rain solar term not only indicates the beginning and increase of rainfall, but also indicates the rise of temperature. After the "rain", the temperature in most parts of China rose to above 0℃, the daily average temperature in Huanghuai Plain reached about 3℃, the average temperature in Jiangnan was about 5℃, the temperature in South China was above 10℃, and the average temperature in North China was still below 0℃. In the climatology of modern China, beginning of spring is usually defined as the day when the daily average temperature is stable above 10℃ every five days.
Middle and Lower Yellow River (North China)
Snow is an important symbol of winter. In fact, the solar term with the heaviest snow in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and its vicinity is neither "light snow, heavy snow" nor "slight cold and severe cold" (because the temperature was low at that time and there was less water vapor in the atmosphere), but a solar term with rain in spring. The reason is that in late February, the coldest period of the year has passed, and the warm air in the south began to be active in early spring, and the water vapor began to be rich. At this time, the cold air in the north is still strong and confrontational, and the warm air flow rises strongly and continuously on the back of the dense cold air flow, which may lead to heavy snow. Although spring has entered the rainy season, most parts of northern China have not yet entered the spring. [ 1-2] [4]
Northwest and Northeast China
In the rainy season, the northwest and northeast of China are still not out of the category of winter. Judging from the average temperature in February, the monthly average temperatures in Lanzhou, Xining, Urumqi and Shenyang are-65438 0.0℃, -3.9℃, -9.7℃ and -6.9℃ respectively. It can be seen that these places have not got rid of the cold in winter, the weather is still dominated by cold, and the precipitation is dominated by snow.
Southwest and Jiangnan areas
During rainy days, except for the spring scenery in southern Yunnan, most places in the southwest and south of the Yangtze River are still a scene of early spring: the sun is warm, it is wet and cold in the morning and evening, the fields are green and the springs are warm.
When it rains, plants germinate.
According to the method of "waiting for the average temperature" adopted by Zhang Baokun, a modern scholar in China, the criterion for entering the spring is: when the daily average temperature is ≥ 10℃-≤22℃ for five consecutive days, beginning of spring. Generally speaking, the real "spring" in these places will come in late March, which is the "vernal equinox" season a month later. But there are also some special cases, such as Wuhan February 10, Changsha February 1 1, Nanchang February 1 1, and Nanjing February 2004 13. The time is fully advanced 1 month.
According to the multi-year average rainfall of 65438 10 and February, Wuhan is 43.4 mm and 58.7 mm, Changsha is 66. 1 mm and 95.2 mm, Nanchang is 74.0 mm and 100.7 mm, and Fujian is 48.0 mm and 86.6 mm, which shows the rainfall ratio of the above places in February.
South China region
In the rainy season, South China is full of spring and flowers are in full bloom.
The annual average temperatures in the following cities in South China in February are: Guangzhou 14.5℃, Nanning 14. 1℃, Haikou 18.7℃. The average precipitation in the above cities in February was 69.4 mm, 42.6 mm and 35.0 mm respectively. Although the rainfall is several times more than that in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, there is still water shortage due to high temperature and large evaporation.
If we say that in these areas, "beginning of spring" is the first movement "Sonata" in spring: spring is budding and spring is chilly. After the rain, it entered the second movement of spring "variation": the temperature rose, and it was cold and warm. The rainy season "79 rivers open and 89 geese come" is a landscape in late winter and early spring.
Related agriculture
summary
The meaning of rain solar term is that rainfall begins and gradually increases. The average temperature in this period in southern China is above 10℃, and the rainfall is mainly Mao Mao rain, and the vegetation is budding, which is really spring. The weather characteristics of rain solar terms have great influence on the growth of overwintering crops. An agricultural proverb says, "Rain and dew are good crops, and Da Chun Koharu is a treasure." "Spring is getting warmer and warmer, and the rain is busy."
The northern region is dryland agriculture. There is little precipitation in the whole year and the seasonal distribution is uneven. There is little rain and frequent drought every spring. The spring drought is severe, and the precipitation is concentrated in summer. Spring irrigation should be timely. [6]
Solar term weather
The rainy season is changeable, which is one of the seasons with the most cold wave processes in the whole year. This kind of hot and cold weather is very harmful to the growth of crops, forests and fruits that have sprouted and turned green and people's health.
According to the cold and warm weather, there are "cold rain, warm shock" and "warm rain, cold shock" Some people also predict the weather in the later period according to the wind, such as "rain comes from the east, and it will rain in the dog days" and so on.
Agricultural guide
Climate: Yellow River Valley, with cold weather, heavy snow and continuous rain. The rainfall in North China, Northwest China and Huanghuai areas is generally less at this time, so spring irrigation should be organized in time. There is more rain in the area south of Huaihe River, so it is necessary to do a good job of ditch cleaning, drainage and intertillage weeding to prevent wet damage and root rot. [ 1]
Farming: Before and after the rain, rape and winter wheat will generally turn green and grow, which requires higher water content. At this time, suitable precipitation is particularly important for crop growth. [ 10]
Overview of vegetable cultivation
Continue to do a good job in antifreeze and heat preservation of vegetables and fruits in greenhouses.
Strengthen the management of temperature and humidity in greenhouse and make good ventilation.
Continue to do a good job in flower and fruit protection.
When sowing radish after rain, it is advisable to choose varieties with short growth period, strong cold tolerance, strict vernalization requirements, late bolting and difficult hollowing, such as Baiyuchun and Chunbai 2.
Overview of fruit tree cultivation
Oranges and tangerines
Rainwater is pruned and heavy fertilizer is applied. Spraying 0.8 ~ 1 baume mixture or 95% oil emulsion 100 times +40% can quickly kill overwintering pests by 800 ~ 1000 times (the oil emulsion needs to be heated before use). If you choose to spray the emulsion first, then spray the stone sulfur mixture before germination. Germination accelerating fertilizer, mainly available nitrogen, is applied to the soil of extra-early maturing varieties, and the amount of fertilizer applied depends on the age and yield of trees. For the trunk with resin disease, scrape the diseased part in time, and smear the wound with Bordeaux liquid or a mixture of fresh cow dung and clay. Continue to repair and tidy roads and ditches.
red bayberry
Fertilize in time before germination. Plant ash (potash fertilizer) is used as the main fertilizer, with phosphate fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer. Fertilization amount: plant ash 15kg, incineration sludge 20-25 kg, or potassium sulfate 1.0kg are generally applied to each tree. Wangshu does not apply nitrogen fertilizer.
Overview of animal husbandry and agriculture
Keep the pen warm.
Goats should be herded after the sun comes out and the dew has dried up. At about 9: 00 in the morning, we should graze on the sunny slope and raise the grazing temperature.
Strengthen the disinfection of livestock and poultry slaughterhouses to prevent the spread of the epidemic.
The vast number of livestock and poultry specialized households should pay close attention to formulating the annual development plan on the basis of summarizing the production and operation of the previous year. After Tomb-Sweeping Day, the earth temperature will rise again in the spring, and the livestock and poultry industry will be developed in an all-round way.
Solar terms health care
vegetables
In the rainy solar terms, the humid atmosphere gradually rises, and dew and frost appear in the morning. Therefore, in view of such climate characteristics, diet recuperation should be based on conditioning the spleen and stomach, expelling wind and removing dampness. Spleen and stomach can digest grains and are the source of qi and blood. Among the five elements, the liver belongs to wood and tastes sour; Spleen belongs to soil and tastes sweet. [8]
In spring, the liver is strong and the spleen is weak, so the diet should be less sour and more sweet. You can eat more dates, spinach, water chestnut, sugar cane, chrysanthemum and yam. Windy and dry weather will make you thirsty. You should eat fruits and vegetables and soup porridge, such as wolfberry porridge, jujube porridge and tremella porridge. White chrysanthemum, cassia seed and American ginseng can also be used to tonify the spleen and stomach. After the rain, the spring breeze warms up, and pathogenic bacteria and viruses are easy to spread with the wind, so infectious diseases are often prone to influenza outbreaks in spring. Everyone should protect themselves, pay attention to exercise, enhance their resistance and prevent diseases. [8]
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the liver governs hair growth, so the liver qi is vigorous in spring, and the liver Mu Yi dotes on the spleen, so improper health preservation in spring is easy to damage the spleen and lead to the decline of spleen and stomach function. After the solar term of rain, with the increase of rainfall, the evil of cold and dampness is most likely to trap the spleen. At the same time, it is difficult to get rid of the lingering dampness, and the spleen should be maintained before and after the rain. [ 1 1]
folk custom
Rain Festival is a solar term full of imagination and human touch. This day, whether it rains or not, is full of a rainy and poetic feeling. People are begging for a smooth and healthy life in different forms on this day. [8]
Huiniangwu
It is a popular custom to go back to one's mother's family during the rainy festival in western Sichuan. On the rainy day, the married daughter went back to visit her parents with gifts. Women who have given birth to children must bring gifts such as canned meat and chairs to thank their parents for their kindness. For women who are not pregnant for a long time, their mother will sew a pair of red trousers for them to wear next to their bodies. It is said that this will enable them to get pregnant and have children as soon as possible. [8]
La michel platini
Rain festival pulls michel platini, which means "rain and dew moisten and grow easily". On this day, I will take michel platini's parents, bring scented wax paper, paper money and children through the crowd to find the right person in michel platini. The purpose of finding michel platini is to make children grow up healthily and safely. [8]
Jieshou
Accepting the custom of longevity is to hope that parents-in-law will live longer. Another typical gift is "canned meat": stew pig's trotters, snow-capped mountains, soybeans and kelp in a casserole, then seal the jar with red paper and red rope and give it to parents-in-law. This is to express gratitude and respect to the parents-in-law who have worked so hard to raise their daughters. If it is wedding date, the newly-married son-in-law, her parents-in-law will also give her an umbrella in return, so that she can go out for a run, which can not only provide him with shelter from the wind and rain, but also mean wishing her a smooth and safe life journey. [8]
Three monkeys
In ancient China, rainwater was divided into three stages: "One stage was that Rex sacrificed fish; Second, wait for Hongyan to come; Third-class grass sprouted. " The twenty-four solar terms are based on the Yellow River Basin. Before it rained, it was cold, but snowflakes were flying and unpleasant rain was falling. After the rain, the temperature can generally rise above 0℃, and the snow gradually decreases and begins to melt. In this solar term, otters start fishing and put the fish on the shore like sacrifices before eating; Five days later, the geese began to fly back to the north from the south; In five days, in the "moist and silent" spring rain, the spirit of the sun rises everywhere in the vegetation and begins to sprout. Since then, the earth has gradually begun to show a thriving scene. [ 12]
Other relevance
poetic sentiment
Rain Water
Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night [Tang] Du Fu
Good rain knows the season, when spring comes.
Sneak into the night with the wind, moisten things silently.
The wild path is dark, and the river is bright.
Look at the red and wet place, the flowers in Jinguancheng are heavy.
The long clearing of rain
Qing Benxian Jie spent all his money in his account. Why didn't he go home in February?
Yan zhen spread the news, and the light spread all over the world.
Early Spring Rain [Tang] Han Yu
There is a lot of silk in the sky above the avenue, which is as delicate and moist as butter. The grass is vaguely connected in the distance, but it looks sparse in the near future.
This is the most beautiful season of the year, far better than the late spring of the green willow.
Lu You's Spring Rain in Lin 'an [Song]
In recent years, officials are interested in a thin layer of gauze. Who will let me take a bus to Kyoto to visit this bustling city?
Living in a small building and listening to the falling spring rain, you will hear the sound of selling apricots in the depths of the alley early in the morning.
Slowly spread out small pieces of paper sideways, every word is organized, carefully boil water and tea under the sun window, skim it and try to taste famous tea.
Oh, don't sigh that the dust in Kyoto will stain the white clothes, and there is still time to return to the mirror house in Lake Ubak.
Chunyu [Tang] Li Shangyin
When spring comes, I wear a coat with a white lining, but I only think about the white gate city where I can't go.
There are two red mansions facing the cold, covered by rain, and a pearl curtain lamp shakes my lonely heart and goes home.
The long road ahead will be full of new hardships, and the residual clouds are still vaguely like dreams.
Why, I see a lone goose in a cloud three thousand miles away.
A farmer's proverb/proverb
Spring rain is as expensive as oil.
Seven or nine rivers open and eight or nine geese come.
In 7963, pedestrian take off your coat.
On the 7989 Rain Festival, the old people can't rest when they farm.
Thaw when the rain comes, rake one layer at a time.
Turn the wheat fields into pulp and loosen them tightly.
Wheat seedlings, mulberry strips.
Don't brag about farming, but look at the fertilizer and water.
You don't have to ask anyone.
Water yields no crops, but more fat yields less.
The pond is full of water, and the grain is Man Cang. There is no water or food in the pond.
Water is the blood of crops and fertilizer is the food of crops.
Water is the blood of crops, and it is great without water.
The water is golden soup and jade slurry, which fills the granary.
A flower in a crop depends entirely on fertilizer.
Farming without fertilization is tantamount to messing around.
People depend on the ground, and the ground depends on dung.
If you can plow and shovel, you can't grow without manure.
The dung basket is full in spring and the granary is full in autumn.
Spring is better than dung heap, and autumn is better than grain heap.
Blessing phrase
The sound of rain wishes you peace, the sound of rain washes away your troubles, the sound of rain takes away your thoughts, raindrops fly down your heartstrings, raindrops fulfill your wishes, rain dew moistens your heart, my heart looks forward to it in the rainy season, and the rain festival wishes you: you need wind, wind, rain, rain, and then call it rain.
Chemical composition of rainwater
Rainwater is mainly composed of water (chemical component H2O), and a small amount of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide will form acid rain. In thunderstorm weather, rain will contain a small amount of ozone molecules (caused by lightning), as well as various impurities and floating dust in the air.
Rainwater dredging
Adapt to the changing environment
Proper rainfall provides fresh water resources for human beings and plants, so human beings can't exclude it. [13] Instead, we need to master its temperament and make rational use of it, and we need to take effective, safe and reasonable guidance. In the construction of urban roads, the cement reinforcement and solid corrosion-resistant stones on both sides of the road are used to reasonably build wide drainage ditches. On the drainage ditch, lay solid reinforced concrete slabs scientifically and reasonably, cover with appropriate amount of organic soil, and plant shrubs, flowers and plants (small plants).
man and nature
Houses are forbidden to be built in too low-lying places. These places can store rainwater, collect it into rivers, and build many dams to ease the water flow. This can effectively use water to generate electricity, avoid the dangerous phenomenon caused by excessive water flow, not only generate energy, but also make rational use of the principle of downward flow of water. It is forbidden to build houses at the foot of the mountain, because the trees on the mountain are less and less after being destroyed, and they have not been repaired and protected in time, resulting in a lot of soil erosion and loose soil, and the whole mountain and soil are severely weathered and cracked. When rain comes, it will lead to serious landslides on the mountain.