Clinical symptoms The pathogens of this disease are three mycobacteria, namely Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium. Pigs are prone to three types of tuberculosis. Bovine bacteria cause more serious diseases in pigs than the other two types of tuberculosis, usually progressive infection, and can lead to death. Tuberculosis pigs rarely infect pigs. Pig tuberculosis is mainly infected through digestive tract, mostly manifested as lymph node tuberculosis, and the lesions occur in tonsils and submandibular lymph nodes, with few clinical symptoms. Diarrhea often occurs when intestinal diseases occur. Pathological changes Autopsy showed that the body was emaciated and the conjunctiva was pale. Lesions are mostly found after slaughter, often confined to pharyngeal, cervical and mesenteric lymph nodes. Local lymph node tuberculosis can be manifested in two forms: nodular and diffuse hyperplasia. The former is characterized by the formation of lesions, rice grains as big as sorghum grains, and gray-yellow cheese-like necrosis or calcification on the section; The latter is characterized by acute swelling and firmness of lymph nodes, gray section and no obvious caseous necrosis.
Systemic tuberculosis in pigs can also be seen, mainly caused by bovine tuberculosis. Systemic tuberculosis in pigs not only forms tuberculosis lesions in pharynx, neck and mesenteric lymph nodes, but also forms nodular lesions of different sizes in organs such as liver, lung, spleen and kidney and their corresponding lymph nodes, especially lung and spleen. In addition, the auricle, epicardium, mesentery, diaphragm and costal pleura of the heart also showed pale yellow nodules or flat raised granulomatous lesions, and caseous necrosis changes could be seen in its section. Tuberculosis can also be formed in thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, pedicles and meninges. Prevention and control measures Tuberculosis is a common and frequently-occurring disease of human beings and animals. People, cattle and poultry are the three main hosts of tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium can all cause diseases in pigs. Comprehensive prevention and control measures such as early treatment of human tuberculosis and quarantine and isolation of livestock tuberculosis are the key to eliminate and reduce the occurrence of pig tuberculosis.
People with tuberculosis are forbidden to keep and touch livestock.
Once pig tuberculosis occurs in pig farms, it is necessary to eliminate the affected pigs. The contaminated piggery and site can be thoroughly disinfected with 20% lime milk, 5% lysol or 5% bleaching powder for 2 ~ 3 times, and the piggery can be reused after 3 ~ 6 months.