(A) the scope of class safety management: students' unsafe behavior; Unsafe state of the facility; Students' unhealthy mentality.
(2) Classification of students' safety work: it can be classified according to the time of students' activities, the types of students' safety accidents and the environment in which students live.
(3) The main responsibilities of the class teacher's safety work: 1. The head teacher has the responsibility of education and school supervision for the safety of students in this class, and has the obligation to contact parents in time. 2. The class teacher should always check the equipment in the classroom of this class, and promptly eliminate or report to the school for maintenance and rectification when finding potential safety hazards. 3. The class teacher should report to the person directly responsible for school safety (in charge of the vice principal) and the school principal in advance for organizing students to go out for education and teaching, and it can only be carried out after approval. 4. When students are injured by accidents, the class teacher should arrive at the scene as soon as possible and actively participate in related work. 5, to strive for parents to do a good job of guardianship.
Second, the working methods of class safety management
(A) the grim reality of school safety work.
1, from the students' family situation: students come from different families with different personalities and tempers, and most of them are only children. The number of families with divorced parents has increased, making school safety more difficult.
2. From the analysis report on the overall situation of safety accidents in primary and secondary schools published by the Ministry of Education in 2006, it can be seen that rural areas are the areas with frequent campus safety accidents. In 2006, all kinds of campus safety accidents in primary and secondary schools accounted for 27.68% in cities and 72.32% in rural areas. The number of safety accidents, deaths and injuries in rural primary and secondary schools are obviously higher than those in cities, which are 2.9 times, 3.9 times and 4.2 times respectively.
The main causes of safety accidents in rural primary and secondary schools are poor school conditions and incomplete infrastructure. In addition, the weak safety awareness of teachers and students and the obvious loopholes in school safety management are also important reasons for the accident.
In 2006, 25% of safety accidents occurred in schools, mainly campus injuries and student fights, of which campus injuries accounted for 56%, mainly including kidnapping, explosion, knife wounds, arson and sexual assault. Several typical cases in 2006 show that the main reason for the increase of campus injury accidents is that the internal safety management of the school is not perfect, which leads to a small number of "black sheep" mixed with teaching staff and individual illegal personnel entering the campus, thus leading to the occurrence of campus injury tragedy.
According to parents' understanding, most parents or students' acting guardians believe that the school and teachers are responsible for everything during their children's schooling. Once something happens to a student, regardless of the causal relationship of the accident, the parents of the students insist on demanding high compensation, and their safety awareness of children's education and management is not strong enough, and they lack safety common sense.
(B) the basic requirements of class safety work
1, straighten the safe working position. Teaching quality is the first goal, and student safety is the first responsibility. Teaching is always the main body and central task of school and class work, and safety management should be an important guarantee measure to ensure the normal order of education and teaching and continuously improve the quality of teaching.
2. Overcome paralysis and luck. In safety work, we should always pay attention to our own environmental conditions, don't ignore hidden dangers and be careless, and don't feel good about yourself and get into an advantage.
3, rooted in the concept of safe work. The gap in the management of students' safety education often lies in the understanding and practice of students' safety concepts. Every safety concept is constantly precipitated in the process of work. Only by constantly updating the management concept of students' safety education and taking root in our educational concept can our safety work be more dynamic and effective. Such as: "100- 1=0", "strictness means love, looseness means harm, and accidents will harm generations".
(3) Some basic practices of class safety work.
The work of class safety is mainly to strengthen the management of students' safety education. We should seriously study and explore the ways and means of class safety education management, so that the contents and methods of class safety education management can play their due role in educating students in the process of receiving safety education management. "Eight Essentials" of Class Safety Work;
1, the class situation should be fully and accurately grasped. As a class teacher, if you want to do a good job in class safety management, you must fully grasp all aspects of the class, so that the overall situation of the class is clear, the individual situation of the students is understood, and the family situation of the students is understood, so that the subject teacher can become your real collaborator. Focus on the following tasks: the sense of responsibility and ability of class Committee cadres, team leaders or security officers; Student accommodation; Students with special physique (epilepsy, heart disease, etc.). ); Contact telephone numbers of students' parents, etc.
2. Educational content should conform to cognitive characteristics. At different ages, people's physiological characteristics, psychological characteristics and cognitive characteristics are obviously different. According to the differences in the study and life scope and characteristics of students in lower grades of primary schools, upper grades of primary schools, junior high schools and senior high schools, on February 27th this year, the General Office of the State Council issued a notice, forwarding the Guiding Outline of Public Safety Education in Primary and Secondary Schools formulated by the Ministry of Education, setting up teaching contents respectively, and determining six modules of public safety education: First, preventing and responding to social safety accidents or incidents; The second is to prevent and respond to public health accidents; The third is to prevent and deal with accidental injuries; The fourth is to prevent and respond to network and information security accidents; The fifth is to prevent and respond to natural disasters; The sixth is to prevent and respond to other incidents that affect students' safety.
Senior high school focuses on understanding the basic methods related to safety; Consciously resist incidents that may cause security problems; Can help others on the premise of ensuring their own safety; It emphasizes not only personal safety, but also public safety and national security.
In my opinion, the content of safety education for primary and secondary school students is classified by age, which should be mainly reflected and implemented in safety classroom teaching. It is necessary to set the goal of safe classroom teaching, so that students can think clearly about why they should pay attention to this aspect of prevention and response, and how to do it. Daily safety education needs to remind students in all aspects or ask what not to do, that is, "no education" or emergency education measures.
3. Always talk about daily education. Primary and secondary school students have strong curiosity, strong plasticity and poor self-control. In addition, due to the influence of large class size, complex social environment, uneven family education and other factors, it is absolutely impossible to solve the problem only by meeting the safety standards of schools and classes and safe classroom teaching during the semester, especially for classes with high safety risks, strict requirements before class and strict management of the process should be achieved.
(1) Active classroom teaching. In physical education class, labor class, science class, experiment class and other activity classes, it should be emphasized that students should standardize the use of instruments or tools so as not to hurt or burn themselves or their companions; You can't run around in the corridor, you can't play with each other with sanitary tools or other items, and you can't tamper with the power socket. These things, the teacher must be strict before class, strict management in the teaching process, pay attention to understand the health status of students with special physique. Only in this way can students attract enough attention and minimize the possibility of accidents.
(2) Overcome the traditional way of preaching. Daily safety education should not only be talked about frequently, but also innovate daily education methods and overcome the educational methods of preaching, preaching or reprimanding blindly. You can make the things that students should pay attention to into songs that students like to hear, understand and remember easily; You can take relevant cases to help you; We can help and teach by "problem thinking" and "problem discussion".
4, daily management should be seriously implemented. To establish and improve the management system of regular classes, it is not necessary to formulate a separate class safety management system, but there must be effective safety management regulations in the management system of regular classes. Hidden danger is the biggest enemy of campus safety, and eliminating hidden danger and avoiding danger is an important work of class safety management. Daily student safety management is mainly to implement the civil air defense management measures for class teachers and students to participate in group prevention and treatment.
(1) Establish a civil air defense management network. Class management is most afraid of students' accidents, and class safety work is definitely a trivial matter. If only the head teacher manages the class, he will be "nervous" mentally and "at a loss" in action, and the result may be "full of loopholes". Safety precautions mainly include "civil air defense, physical defense and technical defense", but the key to class safety management is to implement "civil air defense" measures. The head teacher should contact the teacher actively, communicate with the teacher about the students who often violate the rules and regulations, get the feedback information of their behavior, and discuss the educational management measures with the teacher. Equipped with class or group safety management student cadres (security officers or public security police), responsible for the safety supervision during students' extracurricular activities (including political study and regular meetings of faculty and staff), regularly or irregularly understand the situation, strengthen guidance, supervision and management, and form a class safety civil air defense management network.
(2) Guide students to participate in management. Students are the direct beneficiaries of a safe campus and should also be the main participants in the construction of safe classes. In the process of strengthening the training of student safety management cadres, we should also educate and guide the whole class to have the concept of "I am a security guard" and "paying attention to safety means caring for life", and ask them to consciously regulate their self-protection behavior and mutual protection behavior. We should also consciously cultivate students' ability to find hidden dangers, find and stop or report students with dangerous behaviors in time, increase mutual safety control in and out of class, and better prevent man-made safety accidents among students.
(3) Strengthen daily management evaluation. Everything loses its vitality when it is still. In order to encourage student cadres and all students to give full play to the role of safety self-protection and mutual control, activities such as selecting "safety guards", "safety stars" and "safety advanced groups" can be carried out regularly to commend and encourage outstanding students.
Only when the class safety "civil air defense" management network is well established and there is no gap, can the class teacher keep abreast of the latest trends of class safety work and ensure the daily safety management of the class to be implemented.
5. Educational activities should be carried out regularly and solidly. The difference between people's safety awareness and prevention ability mainly depends on the degree of safety education and the amount of safety knowledge. Ignorant risk-taking, lack of common sense and burnout can all lead to safety accidents. Only by improving students' safety awareness and preventive skills can students take the initiative to stay away from danger and protect themselves with appropriate methods when they are injured.
(1) To impart safety knowledge and train in troubleshooting hidden dangers. The head teacher should take the initiative to introduce safety knowledge to students, such as how to ensure personal safety and property safety under different circumstances, so that students can know fairly well; Tell students about the laws and regulations on student safety and the rules and regulations formulated by the school for this purpose, so that students can protect themselves with "law"; We should also pay attention everywhere and have a pair of "eyes" to dig out what we see or hear in newspapers, TV and radio, as well as what happens around students and teachers, and tell them with examples. If you don't check the hidden dangers often, something will happen sooner or later. Every link in daily education and teaching must be taken seriously, otherwise there may be hidden dangers. The head teacher should consciously organize and lead students to the playground, dormitory, classroom, canteen, or take them to squares, highways, reservoirs and other places to investigate potential safety hazards, find unsafe behaviors, point out the safety norms of unsafe public places, and let students understand what is safe and what is not. If we want to nip the accident in the bud, we should start with "being good and not doing it" instead of doing it.
(2) Close to students' life and carry out safety activities. Classes can organize class meetings with the theme of "safety education" according to students' common ideological and behavioral problems or seasonal safety management needs; Hold an exhibition of security and legal manuscripts; Write a short article about safe life; Hold safety knowledge lectures or safety knowledge competitions conducted by students; Carry out simulation drills to avoid danger and escape, so that students can master the treatment methods of electric shock, fracture, drowning, scald, gas poisoning, car accident, debris flow, getting lost, fire, flood, acute disease, being bitten by a mad dog, etc., and enhance their self-help and mutual rescue ability.
(3) Carry out taboo education to stop illegal activities. Such as: a, students are prohibited from entering dance halls, video halls, electronic game halls, commercial Internet cafes and other places that are not suitable for primary and secondary school students' activities. B students are forbidden to play cards, gamble, steal, blackmail or rob other people's property. C. It is forbidden for students to join or organize illegal gangs, gather people to fight and stir up trouble. D. students are forbidden to fall in love or be introducers. E. It is forbidden for students to go swimming or take part in some activities that endanger personal safety. Students are not allowed to go out or escape without the consent of the class teacher. In addition, students should be educated on "four prohibitions and four noes", that is, students are forbidden to climb mountains and climb fences; Students are prohibited from collecting or carrying knives, sticks and other instruments; Students are forbidden to chase and fight in aisles and stairs; Students are forbidden to pull wires in classrooms and dormitories, and use electric stoves and "quick heating" appliances. Do not buy "three noes" food; Don't break into traffic arteries and climb the moving vehicles; Do not use inflammable and explosive dangerous goods; Do not play all kinds of ball games in inactive areas.
(4) Pay attention to accommodation management and plug management loopholes. We can't think that the management of students' siesta and late sleep is a school matter, but a teacher's matter. Students with poor self-control and bad behavior habits often have to do something that violates the rules and regulations at this time. Over time, they will form habitual violations and cause trouble over time. I think it is necessary to do a good job in the following three aspects: first, find out the address and contact information of day students, and store their applications and parents' letters of guarantee. Second, we should urge students to go to bed on time, close the doors and windows, and don't stay elsewhere or elsewhere without permission. Third, we should insist on self-study classes in the morning and evening, spot-check before going to bed, keep abreast of the classroom situation, carefully check the whereabouts of absent students after going to bed at noon, and eliminate potential safety hazards in time.
(5) Pay attention to mentality education and cultivate healthy psychology. It is normal for a person's mood to fluctuate, but as an educator, we should not vent negative things in society and on campus on students. In particular, class teachers should have a healthy and positive attitude, educate and guide students to treat their environment correctly, treat people and things around them correctly, and encourage students to be positive and healthy. Only teachers with mental health can educate students with mental health. Strengthening the education and training of safety awareness has become an important symbol of building a "people-oriented" safety culture. Cultivating students' safety awareness is a subtle and slow psychological process. It is necessary to do meticulous ideological education, so that students can establish a safe and harmonious class collective consciousness of self-protection, mutual love, mutual assistance and mutual rescue, and form a good public opinion atmosphere in which everyone values safety and everyone is worried about safety, thus reducing the probability of safety accidents and realizing the coordinated and healthy development of class safety and teaching quality.
(6) Strengthen legal education and enhance legal concept. At present, primary and secondary school students are under great pressure to study, the exam competition is fierce, their parents are eager for success, and the society is changing rapidly ... Middle school students are under no less pressure than adults, their world outlook and psychology are not yet mature, and they are easy to go to extremes, especially at present, many so-called "good boy" crimes are increasing, juvenile delinquency is on the rise year by year, and the age of crime is also developing towards a younger age. One of the main reasons why individual students seek "stimulation" or look at others "unpleasantly", which leads to vicious incidents such as fighting and cruel killing, is that the lack of legal education leads to their weak legal concept and lack of necessary respect for the law. Judging from the current educational model, an important feature is that moral education is emphasized and legal education is ignored, especially in primary and secondary schools. Law is a practical course. The legal education for middle school students is mainly to improve their legal awareness, make more use of lectures and explain legal theories and provisions with specific cases. This way of attending classes, students have no pressure, are easy to understand and are impressed, which is more in line with the law of law study. Through case analysis, students can discuss, analyze, think and find answers by themselves, which can deepen their understanding of legal provisions, improve their ability to use legal knowledge, and at the same time easily improve their interest in learning. Special attention should be paid to understanding and mastering the contradictions and conflicts among students, and earnestly studying ways and effective methods to solve conflicts.
(7) Pay attention to online education and guide healthy online access. Network is a double-edged sword. The network has changed the way of life of human beings and greatly stimulated the development of society. Internet cafes have developed rapidly with the development of the Internet, and the wonderful online world has entered people's lives inexorably. Teenagers are eager for knowledge, novelty and understanding of the colorful online world, which will inevitably affect their growth and development. The correct use of internet cafes and networks will have a positive impact on the growth and development of teenagers who enter them, greatly improving their learning efficiency, broadening their horizons and enhancing their imagination and creativity. However, the Internet is not just a pure and healthy virtual world. The information it transmits and the bad behavior of some network subjects will also have a negative impact on the younger generation. If you are not careful, you will mercilessly destroy the future of young people. Students who are infatuated with internet cafes need to strengthen communication, make up for their personality defects and improve their emotional intelligence.
6, emergencies should be properly handled in a timely manner. Once a student has a safety accident, he must not panic. Instead, students should be sent to the nearest hospital in time according to relevant regulations, parents should be informed at the first time, and leaders should be reported in time to properly solve the safety problems that have occurred.
(1) Properly arrange seriously ill students. Students should be sent to the local hospital for medical treatment in time for sudden illness during school, and students should not be arranged to go home. In particular, it is necessary to correctly distinguish between students' cold diseases and influenza diseases, not to draw conclusions blindly, and to do a good job in investigating the number of influenza patients and reporting them truthfully. Pay more attention to students with special diseases such as epilepsy and heart disease, inform relevant teachers and student cadres, prevent them from participating in taboo teaching activities, and sign safety agreements with parents.
(2) Properly handle injury accidents. Any injury accident, whether it's self-injury, other injury or mutual injury, that happens to students at school should be sent to the nearest hospital for treatment in time, and parents should be informed according to the severity of the injury. For example, a student in our school who is about to take the college entrance examination, because he was in a bad mood with his female classmates, hit the window glass on the south side of the Political and Educational Affairs Office with his fist alone, resulting in several stitches in his right hand. After the class teacher found out, he called "120" and the doctor rescued him in time. The student class teacher handled the injured students promptly and properly, and the school did not bear the main responsibility for the accident. When a class of students spend the night outside, the class teacher finds out and informs the school in time, and the school tries its best to find it. The class teacher informed the parents at the first time that the school did not bear the main responsibility for the accident.
7, safety accidents should be deeply reflected. Education has become one of the high-risk industries, and accidents are everywhere. No matter what cases we have learned and seen, or all kinds of safety accidents, we should attach importance to the causal analysis of accidents and ask more questions: Who is vetoing safety?
(1) Is there any responsibility for school education management? The law stipulates that schools should bear the responsibility of "educating, managing and protecting" students, not the responsibility of guardians. Students' safety accidents must be seriously reflected from the perspective of school education management, find out the reasons, and nip in the bud in the work. In the management of school safety education, we should start with small things to avoid losing big because of small things. Start with small things, prevent small delays and eliminate hidden dangers of accidents. Only by starting from "small things", down-to-earth, not sloppy, not slack, step by step, can we nip in the bud and get out of the shadow of accidents. For example, one night in June 2007, a boarder in a school in Wuxi accidentally fell from the bunk bed in the dormitory and was injured. After being sent to the hospital, he was diagnosed with splenic rupture and later identified as grade 8 disability. Xiao Kuai took the school to court on the grounds that the school failed to fulfill its dormitory safety management obligations. It was ordered by the Binhu District Court of Wuxi City to bear all the compensation responsibilities * * * totaling more than 65,438+10,000 yuan. The stampede occurred in Jiangxi on the evening of June 5438+065438+ 10/8, 2006. The main reasons for the accident are that there is a gap in school management when students study in the evening, the school's emergency rescue measures are ineffective, and the on-site command and students' reasonable and orderly evacuation are not timely when the accident occurs, which leads to serious trampling accidents.
(2) Whether the student or guardian has the responsibility. Young students' ignorance of potential safety hazards around them or lack of safety knowledge, habitual violation of regulations has become a major sticking point affecting campus safety. (Habitual violation refers to a hidden danger when a wrong behavior is slowly accumulated by time and then transformed into habitual thinking or even mistaken for a correct idea. Any habitual violation without thinking may cause an accident. Various measures should be taken to correct students' habitual violations. The responsibilities that minors should bear shall be borne by the legal guardians of students. The main responsibility for students' self-injury accidents during recess shall be borne by the students or guardians.
(3) the social public * * * safety accidents related responsibilities. For example, after a student is bitten by a dog, there is a safety accident of rabies death. Its main responsibility is the dog owner. If the dog owner cannot be found, the relevant responsibilities are the government, hospitals, parents and so on.
Security is a challenge. Every campus safety accident will prompt us to reflect on our own behavior, sum up lessons, study countermeasures and innovate management methods to prevent similar accidents from happening again. Perhaps accidents will never be eliminated, so challenges will always exist and school safety education management will never stop.
8. Educational methods should be actively studied and used for reference. Students' safety education management methods should have universal education management methods, but there are also his individual education methods. In 2008, China earthquake with M = 5. 12, there were no casualties among teachers and students in Sangzao Middle School in Anxian County, Sichuan Province. The headmaster of this school is called "the best headmaster in history" by netizens. In the earthquake of 1 min 36 seconds, more than 2,200 teachers and students were evacuated, and 2,200 teachers and students survived. These are inseparable from their evacuation drills every semester and their usual safety education.
(4) Some routine knowledge of class safety management.
1, the basis of class safety management: master the students' thoughts and behaviors, and be familiar with the basic knowledge of students' safety education management.
2. The key to class safety management is active prevention and standardized management.
3. Strengthening the daily management of classes and implementing the measures of prevention and treatment by groups are important means to improve the safety management of classes.
4. Strengthening the management of students' safety education, improving students' safety awareness and ability to avoid injury is an important way to do a good job in class safety management.
5. The magic weapon to do a good job in class safety management: implement the routine and make unremitting efforts.
What does class safety depend on? Class safety depends on the head teacher's sense of responsibility (careful thinking, patient teaching and solid management). In daily class work, in every hour and every minute of work, security risks are always like a fierce beast with a big mouth, staring at students' fragile bodies and paralyzed nerves. Only by being conscientious, doing things in a down-to-earth manner, strengthening safety awareness and enhancing sense of responsibility can students' life safety not be threatened. Class safety depends on people, the active participation of class teachers, classroom teachers, student safety management cadres and all students. Everyone must have certain safety qualities, that is, moral cultivation, safety awareness and sense of responsibility, safe life and work skills, healthy body and so on. Class safety depends on school leaders to provide a safe living and working environment. Class safety depends on the system, and students' behavior depends on the scientific system. Classroom safety depends on solid safety classroom teaching, constantly enriching students' safety knowledge and improving students' disaster avoidance skills. Class safety depends on management, establishing safety management mechanism, attaching importance to process control and realizing standardized management.
Safety is a systematic project, which must be grasped for a long time. Class safety work must be "everyone pays attention to safety, everything pays attention to safety, everywhere pays attention to safety, and always pays attention to safety", which will be the bane of class safety accidents and the gospel of teachers and students' lives.